中草药复方对断奶仔猪白细胞分类和抗氧化功能的影响

选用21日龄断奶的三元杂交仔猪60头,按完全区组设计分为3组:处理1,饲喂添加0.2%中草药复方日粮;处理2,饲喂添加0.02%硫酸粘杆菌素日粮;处理3,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(对照).分别于饲喂后7 d、14 d和28 d考察仔猪外周血白细胞分类和抗氧化功能的变化.结果表明:中草药复方能显著提高外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数,超氧化物歧化酶活性及中性粒细胞和单核细胞百分率(P＜0.05);显著降低丙二醛和一氧化氮含量(P＜0.05),提示本试验所用中草药复方可显著增强断奶仔猪的免疫功能、减轻炎性反应及断奶应激造成的损伤,其抗应激效果优于粘杆菌素.     

香菇多糖对幼建鲤肠道菌群数量及非特异性免疫指标的影响

在基础饲料中添加0、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0、2.4 g/kg(饲料)的香菇多糖,连续饲喂体质量为(40.0±0.5)g的建鲤Cyprinus carpio var.Jian 49 d后,检测香菇多糖对幼建鲤主要肠道菌群数量及部分非特异性免疫指标的影响.结果表明:饲喂各试验剂量的香菇多糖均能极显著地提高幼建鲤的白细胞杀菌活性和血清中溶菌酶活性(P＜0.01);饲喂1.6 g/kg(饲料)及以上剂量的香菇多糖,可使幼建鲤前、中、后肠中的乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量较对照组极显著增加(P＜0.01),且以2.4 g/kg(饲料)剂量组的刺激效果较佳;饲喂1.2/kg(饲料)及以上剂量的香菇多糖,可使幼建鲤前、中、后肠中的大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌数量较对照组极显著减少(P＜0.01),分别以2.0、2.4 g/kg(饲料)剂量组的刺激效果较佳.     

Microbial biomass as an antioxidant for tilapia feed

Microbial biomass (MB) produced by different industries is thought to be a beneficial supplement in fish feed due to high contents of antioxidants and pigments. However, little is known about their impact on fish health. In this experiment, 960 tilapia (26.84 ± 1.03 g) were fed one of eight experimental diets—a control diet with no MB (C), a control diet with vitamin E (VE) and six diets with three types of MB at two concentrations (0.25% and 0.5%): Rubrivivax gelatinosus (RG25 and RG50), Spirulina platensis (SP25 and SP50) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC25 and SC50). Adding MB to diets decreased plasma total oxidant status, malonaldehyde and leucocyte respiratory burst; increased the total antioxidant status; and did not affect the blood biochemical parameters. In flesh, the use of the MB lowered the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and increased redness (except for SC) and carotenoid deposition (except SC25). So, it was concluded that the use of the MB provided an antioxidant effect in tilapia blood plasma, decreased lipid oxidation and increased pigmentation and carotenoid deposition in the fish flesh, without imparting a negative impact on the animals’ health.     

In vitro phagocytic activity of milk neutrophils during lactation cycle in Murrah buffaloes of different parity

Milk samples were collected from 34 lactating Murrah buffaloes on days 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and day 300 after calving. Milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were highest in multiparous buffaloes . Milk SCC were significantly lower in buffaloes of third and fourth parity during early lactation and than increased significantly (p < 0.01) by the end of lactation. Milk neutrophils were significantly lower in all the buffaloes during early lactation, but increased significantly (p < 0.01) afterwards. Milk lymphocytes were significantly higher during early lactation, but decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by the end of lactation. Phagocytic activity (PA) was highest in day 1 colostrum and then decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by the fourth milking in buffaloes of second, third and fourth parity . Phagocytic index (PI) was also highest in colostrums of primiparous buffaloes. Irrespective of parity, maximum PA and PI was observed during mid lactation. In terms of in vitro phagocytic activity, early lactation is the most critical period followed by late and mid lactation.     

Effect of intravenous lidocaine administration on laminar inflammation in the black walnut extract model of laminitis

Reasons for performing study: Laminitis is a serious complication of horses suffering from sepsis/endotoxaemia‐related events. Laminitis in horses and organ injury in human sepsis are both reported to involve inflammatory injury to the laminae/organs including early activation of endothelium and leucocytes leading to emigration of neutrophils into the tissue interstitium. In the black walnut extract (BWE) model, systemic inflammatory events coincide with marked increase in laminar mRNA concentrations of inflammatory genes including proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL‐1β, IL‐6), COX‐2, chemokines (i.e. IL‐8) and endothelial adhesion molecules (i.e. ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin). In models of human sepsis, i.v. lidocaine has been reported to decrease leucocyte and endothelial activation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of i.v. lidocaine therapy on the inflammatory processes documented to occur in the BWE model of laminitis. Methods: Twelve horses were administered BWE and treated immediately with either lidocaine (1.3 mg/kg bwt bolus, followed by 0.05 mg/kg bwt/min CRI, n = 6) or saline (n = 6) for 10 h. At 10 h post BWE administration, laminar samples were obtained under general anaesthesia for assessment of proinflammatory gene expression (using RT‐qPCR) and leucocyte emigration (via CD13 immunohistochemistry). At 0, 3 and 10 h post BWE administration, skin samples were obtained for assessment of leucocyte emigration (via calprotectin immunohistochemistry). Results: No significant differences between groups were noted for inflammatory gene mRNA concentrations (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, COX‐2) or for number of leucocytes present within the laminar interstitium or skin dermis. Increased (P<0.05) laminar E‐selectin mRNA concentrations were present in the LD group (vs. SAL group). Conclusions: Continuous administration of i.v. lidocaine does not inhibit inflammatory events in either the laminae or skin in the horse administered black walnut extract. Potential relevance: This work questions the use of continuous i.v. administration of lidocaine as an effective anti‐inflammatory therapy for systemic inflammation.     

灭活菌苗免疫的中华倒刺鲃外周血免疫指标的变化

以温和气单胞菌灭活菌苗为免疫原,平均体重(100±25)g的健康中华倒刺鲃为实验对象,免疫组腹腔注射0.2mL浓度为1.0×108CFU/mL的免疫原,对照组注射等量灭菌生理盐水,分别在单次注射0、1、2、4、7、14、21、28、35d后随机从两组各取6尾实验鱼,尾静脉采血,测定外周血的血细胞数量、白细胞分类计数、吞噬活性、抗体效价和蛋白质含量等免疫指标的变化,第35天活菌攻毒。结果表明:温和气单胞菌灭活菌苗(F-AS)可诱导中华倒刺鲃红细胞和白细胞数量增加,并引起各种白细胞分类百分比变化,提高吞噬活性和抗体效价,血清中总蛋白及球蛋白含量增加,红细胞也具有免疫功能,灭活茵苗的相对免疫保护力达65.21%。免疫早期(第1周)主要是红细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞数量明显增加,吞噬细胞的吞噬活性迅速提高,吞噬百分比和吞噬指数第4天达峰值;随后则是淋巴细胞大量增殖,第21天淋巴细胞、抗体效价及球蛋白达峰值。可见灭活菌苗通过促进中华倒刺鲃血细胞增殖、提高吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、产生特异性抗体等方式提高免疫保护力;免疫早期非特异性细胞免疫起重要作用,之后特异性免疫起主要作用。     

雏鸡感染巨型艾美尔球虫后外周血白细胞的观察

雏鸡初次感染巨型艾美尔球虫（Ｅ．ｍａｘｉｍａ）卵囊外周白细胞总数呈双相性增多。分类计数中单核细胞表现明显增加；同时机体出现低淋巴细胞血症，但在感染十万卵羹时，淋巴细胞还可出现短暂升高。对再次感染，外周血白细胞主要表现为伴随有淋巴细胞增多的单相性升高。其它白细胞无明显变化，结果表明白细胞参与了机体抗球虫感染免疫反应。     

鸭坦布苏病毒自然感染的肝脏病理组织学观察

对采集于广州市白云区蚌湖镇的疑似坦布苏病毒感染的蛋鸭病例进行剖解,观察大体器官病变。取肝脏组织首先进行该病毒的RT-PCR鉴定,确认自然感染该病毒后,对其肝脏进行光学和透射电镜观察。结果显示:坦布苏病毒自然感染的严重病例,剖解见肝脏肿大,色泽偏土黄,有暗红色出血斑,边缘增厚,质地变脆。光镜观察,见肝细胞索受损严重,细胞排列紊乱,胞内结构破坏,着色性下降,异嗜性白细胞浸润,在变性坏死的肝细胞周围聚集多量含铁血黄素颗粒。电镜观察发现,肝细胞严重损伤,大量肝细胞肿胀坏死,原生质外流,细胞质充满肿胀的囊泡,糖原外泄,线粒体肿胀变性;细胞核严重空泡化,核膜破裂,核质外流,出现大片的核内空白区。肝内见多量异嗜性白细胞,亦可见多量巨噬细胞和少量上皮样细胞,后二者都具有旺盛的吞噬或吞饮活动。     

姜辣素对60Co γ辐照小鼠白系细胞和骨髓细胞DNA的保护作用

研究了姜辣素对^60Coγ射线损伤小鼠白系细胞和骨髓细胞DNA的防护作用。24只健康雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、给药组、照射组和给药照射组。给药组和给药照射组灌胃姜辣素,连续5d,第6天照射组和给药照射组进行5Gy^60Coγ射线辐照（剂量率1．2Gy／min）,照射后48h所有小鼠采血,取脾脏、肝脏、股骨,进行相关指标测定。给药照射组小鼠脾脏指数极显著高于照射组（P〈0．01）,GRA和骨髓细胞DNA含量显著高于照射组（P〈0．05）,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核数目（P〈0．01）和肝脏指数（P〈0．05）明显低于照射组;与对照组相比,给药组的脾脏指数极显著升高（P〈0．01）,骨髓细胞DNA含量有所升高,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核数目也有所降低。结果表明,姜辣素对^60Coγ射线照射造成的小鼠白系细胞和骨髓细胞DNA损伤具有防护作用。