Oceanographic influences on the distribution of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, during spawning in the Bornholm Basin of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a stratified, semienclosed sea typified by a low-salinity surface layer and a deep saline layer of varying volume, salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration. The relationships between these oceanographic factors and the distribution of Baltic cod are presented, utilizing results from a survey carried out during the 1995 spawning period in the Bornholm Basin, at present the main spawning area of this stock. Cod distribution, abundance and population structure were estimated from hydroacoustic and trawl data and related to hydrographic parameters as well as to bottom depth. In the central basin, cod were aggregated in an intermediate layer about 15 m thick. This area of peak abundance was defined at its upper limit by the halocline and at the lower limit by oxygen content. The majority of individuals caught in the basin centre were in spawning or pre-spawning condition with a high proportion of males to females. On the basin slopes, aggregations of cod were found near the bottom. These individuals were mainly immature and maturing stages with an increasing proportion of females to males with size. Salinity and oxygen conditions were found to be the major factors influencing the vertical and horizontal distribution of adult cod. Abundance of immature cod was also positively related to decreasing bottom depths. The effect of temperature was minor. The observed size- and sex-dependent spawning aggregation patterns, in association with habitat volume and stock size, may influence cod catchability and thereby the assessment and exploitation patterns of this stock.     

中国仙女蛤人工育苗试验

2009年在福建平潭进行了2批次中华仙女蛤人工育苗试验。结果表明,亲贝性腺发育成熟程度与催产方法是影响中国仙女蛤亲贝催产成功率和排放率高低的主要因素;在2批亲贝的平均鲜出肉率分别为(31.6±2.0)%和(32.8±2.3)%的前提下,采用阴干、碘钨灯照射提高亲贝体温、流水刺激相结合的物理综合刺激方法可有效地催产中国仙女蛤并培育出健康苗种。但中国仙女蛤亲贝排精产卵的个数比例较小,即亲贝的排放率较低,2批次育苗的排放率分别仅为16.7%和26.7%。2批次共培育出平均壳长为2.87±0.14mm的中国仙女蛤苗种1 331×106cfu。     

Broodstock spawning and larviculture of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.) reared in captivity

In recent years, an increasing interest in the farming of marine ‘white’ fish, such as cod, has been observed in the aquaculture industry. One species being considered for aquaculture development is whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.). With little data being available on the domestication of this species, our study aimed to characterize spawning behaviour and rhythmicity in captive broodstock and provide original data on egg incubation, embryonic development and larval rearing. The results observed through video recording showed that spawning mainly occurred at night with active courtship behaviour. Daily egg batches were collected from two separate spawning seasons, with an average fertilization success declining from 77% to 53%. Time to hatch was inversely related to the incubation temperature and occurred after 78 degree‐days (9 days at 8 °C), with emerging larvae ranging in size from 3.3 to 3.46 mm total length and hatch success ranging from 48.3% to 99.9%. In comparison with a clear water environment, a green water regime during the first days of larval rearing significantly improved larval growth and survival. These results are the first to describe spawning activity, early development and larval performances in whiting and are promising for the potential future development of whiting aquaculture.     

伊洛河黄河鲤天然产卵场渔业水质评价

2004-2009年5-8月对伊洛河黄河鲤（Cyprinus carpio haematoperus）天然产卵场水体中的TN、TP等营养盐和WT、pH、DO、CODMn、挥发酚、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等理化指标进行了为期6年的连续监测,对该水域水质的年代变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究和综合评价。结果表明,黄河鲤天然...     

Ovulation and spawning induction in Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum by administration of GnRHa and catecholaminergic pharmaceutical compounds with Ovaprim

The acceleration of final oocyte maturation and ovulation is recognized as a principal process in Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum, a commercial and valuable species in Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of catecholaminergic pharmaceutics which include Salbutamol (β₂‐adrenergic receptor agonist), Metoprolol (β₁‐adrenergic receptor antagonist), Clozapine and Olanzapine (the third generation of D₄ and D₂ dopamine receptor antagonists) which can be more efficient than the first and second generations, in combination with Buserelin ([D‐Ser(tBu)⁶,Pro⁹‐NEt]‐GnRHa) and Ovaprim (D‐Ala⁶,Pro⁹‐Net)‐sGnRH+Domperidone on ovulation and spawning induction in Caspian kutum. One hundred eight adult females were injected once with Buserelin Acetate (BUS) 5 μg kg^?1 BW, Ovaprim 0.5 mL kg^?1 BW, Salbutamol Sulphate (SLB) 4 mg kg^?1 BW, Olanzapine (OLZ) 5 mg kg^?1 BW, Clozapine (CZ) 12 mg kg^?1 BW and Metoprolol Tartrate (MTP) 5 mg kg^?1 BW, being divided into 12 groups: group 1, intact (negative control); group 2, Ovaprim (positive control); group 3, OLZ+SLB; group 4, OLZ+MTP; group 5, OLZ+BUS; group 6, CZ+SLB; group 7, CZ+MTP; group 8, CZ+BUS; group 9, OLZ+BUS+SLB; group 10, OLZ+BUS+MTP; group 11, CZ+BUS+SLB and group 12, CZ+BUS+MTP (N = 9). The results showed that the highest mean value in ovulation success, ovulation index, fertilization success, relative fecundity and the number of eggs belonged to Ovaprim treatment. On the other hand, spawning was successful in OLZ+BUS+SLB and CZ+BUS treatments (P < 0.05), whereas it was lower in CZ+MTP, CZ+BUS+MTP and OLZ+BUS than the other treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Clozapine and Olanzapine potentiated the effect of Buserelin treatment in ovulation and spawning induction, while Metoprolol blocked the stimulatory effects of GnRHa, Clozapine and Olanzapine. Salbutamol also can amplify stimulatory effect of all mentioned pharmaceutics.     

尖头金线鲃人工繁殖初步研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、促黄体素释放激素类似物（LRH—A2）、马来酸地欧酮（DOM）组合对尖头金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus）催产获得成功,用鲤脑垂体5mg／kg和人绒毛膜促性腺激素1000IU／kg组合催产失败。采取2次注射（第1次注射LRH—A2 2μg／kg,第2次注射LRH—A2 8μg/kg＋DOM3mg／kg＋HCG 1000IU／kg）催产效果明显;采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高。     

丹江口水利枢纽兴建后汉江中下游四大家鱼等早期资源及其演变

2006～2007年对汉江中下游四大家鱼早期资源进行了调查,并结合1977～1978年、2004年汉江中下游的历史调查资料进行分析.研究表明:汉江中下游四大家鱼卵苗径流量下降明显,从20世纪70年代末的近5×108粒(尾)下降到2004年以后的不足1×108粒(尾),四大家鱼卵苗径流量占鱼类卵苗总径流量的比例也从19.0%下降到了1%以下;产卵场数量减少了1处,产卵场位置也发生了变化.     

Broodstock conditioning of the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata,Lamarck, 1819): influence of different diets

The Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata shows great potential in oyster farming. The conservation of pure populations of this species is important for production diversification and biodiversity preservation. In this way, the zootechnological development for seed hatchery production is extremely important. Broodstock conditioning is a key step in the process of rearing bivalves in a hatchery. Many factors regulate the reproductive cycle, being food one of the most important ones. To evaluate the effect of different diets on C. angulata reproductive performance, broodstock were conditioned with different food regimes formulated fundamentally by flagellates (Diet 1 – Pavlova lutheri and Isochrysis galbana clone T‐ISO; Diet 2 – P. lutheri, T‐ISO and Skeletonema costatum) and constituted fundamentally by diatoms (Diet 3 – S. costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans; Diet 4 – P. lutheri, S. costatum and C. calcitrans). During conditioning, samples of oysters were collected to evaluate condition index, gonadal development and biochemical composition. At the end of the conditioning period, oysters were induced to spawn to evaluate reproductive output (fecundity, fertilization rate and D‐larvae development). The diets had an impact on the gametogenesis process, energy storage and reproductive output performance, being the best results those obtained in broodstock fed with the diatoms‐predominant diets. However, those fed with diets majority flagellates had an unsuccessful performance. Holistic approaches incorporating all results in this study reveal and reinforce the idea that the diatom species used presented the nutritional requirements to C. angulata broodstock, being essential in the conditioning phase.     

鱼类产卵孵化方式及其适应意义

综述了卵生鱼类的浮性卵、粘性卵、沉性卵及特殊类型的产卵孵化方式及其适应意义,也描述了卵胎生和胎生鱼类的胚胎发育及产仔特征。