华贵栉孔扇贝不同壳色后代早期发育阶段性状比较

为了提高华贵栉孔扇贝的产量以及通过人工选择培育新品种,利用同一养殖群体中的橙色、褐色、橙褐色个体为亲本,采用个体间随即交配的方法,于2008年10月14日、16日和18日分批建立了橙色、褐色、橙褐色三个不同群体。为了减少环境效应,自受精卵孵化开始,三个群体一直被培养在相同的环境条件下。结果发现,三个群体在受精卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、幼虫及稚贝生长等方面都存在显著差异。就孵化率而言,橙色的最高、褐色的次之、橙褐色的最低,分别为97.5%、92.6%和91.3%;就幼虫存活率而言,橙褐色的最高、褐色的次之、橙色的最低,10日龄时分别为67.0%、43.8%和16.0%;就幼虫期生长而言,褐色生长最快、橙褐色次之、橙色生长最慢,壳长的日增量分别为9.49μm、8.30μm和7.73μm,壳高的日增量分别为8.18μm、7.17μm和6.61μm,且壳长比壳高生长得快;就稚贝期生长而言,橙褐色生长最快、橙色次之、褐色生长最慢,壳长的日增量分别为64.6μm、58.6μm和49.0μm,壳高的日增量分别为78.6μm、70.5μm和59.5μm,但壳高比壳常生长得快。很明显,华贵栉孔扇贝的壳色与其生长、存活有密切的联系,这为其选择育种提供了理论依据。     

用裙带菜孤雌生殖的幼孢子体体细胞诱导雌配子体的研究

在裙带菜雌配子体的切碎培养中,通过成熟的卵孤雌生殖获得幼孢子体,经染色体观察其染色体数为30条,而正常幼孢子体的染色体为60条。采用切除假根的方法从孤雌生殖幼孢子体体细胞中诱导出雌配子体。在设定的不同温度下,20℃下诱导5d时开始出现雌配子体,培养60d后雌配子体的诱导率达到100％;15℃下诱导5d后出现雌配子体,培养60d后的诱导率为45％;10℃下诱导45d后才开始出现雌配子体,培养60d后的诱导率仅为12％。将诱导产生的雌配子体切碎,在20℃下培养5d后开始成熟,10d后成熟率为75％,15d后成熟率达到100％,与对照组正常的雌配子体无明显差异（P〉0．05）。使用孤雌生殖幼孢子体诱导产生的雌配子体与正常雄配子体杂交,幼孢子体的形成率为88％,与正常雌雄配子体杂交的幼孢子体的形成率（92％）差异不显著（P〉0．05）。将诱导产生的雌配子体与正常雄配子体混合切碎并撒在维尼纶育苗绳上,30d后培育出藻体长度为1—2mm的裙带菜幼苗。     

马氏珠母贝4种壳色选育系RAPD反应体系优化

旨在筛选出马氏珠母贝RAPD反应的最佳体系,为不同壳色马氏珠母贝种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的研究奠定基础。试验以4种壳色马氏珠母贝为材料,采用SDS法进行闭壳肌的总DNA提取并对影响RAPD扩增效果的因素进行优化。通过单因素优化筛选出最佳的25μL反应体系：10×Taqbuffer2.5μL,DNA2.0ng/μL,Mg^2＋3.0mmol/L,引物0.25μmol/L,0.2mmol/LdNTP,Taq酶1.0U;反应程序：94℃预变性5min,然后进行40个循环：94℃变性45s,39℃退火60s,72℃延伸90s,最后72℃延伸10min,4℃终止反应。结果发现,采用SDS法所提取马氏珠母贝的DNA达到RAPD反应的要求,筛选体系扩增出清晰稳定的多态性条带,可用于对马氏珠母贝遗传育种方面的研究。     

浅议现代图书馆管理工作中的软管理艺术

分析了软管理对当今知识经济时代图书馆发展的重要性,指出图书馆要适应当今社会的发展,必须制定科学有效的软管理机制,并提出了一些具体措施。     

板栗苞壳栽培的平菇和秀珍菇主要营养成分分析

以板栗苞壳为主料,以棉籽和稻草为辅料,设置了5个栽培配方进行平菇与秀珍菇的栽培试验,分别测定子实体中的总糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总氨基酸以及灰分等营养成分,并对其进行比较分析.结果表明:利用板栗苞壳栽培平菇和秀珍菇,其总糖含量相对较高,粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量相对较低,适当添加棉籽可提高平菇和秀珍菇粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量,而添加稻草效果不明显.     

香型软米水稻胞质雄性不育系异交性能的研究

良好的异交性能对于不育系的广泛应用至关重要.本研究以5个新育成的香型软米胞质雄性不育系文香24A、文香28A、壮香2051A、豪香310A、水香285A等为试验材料,对其异交性能进行分析研究.结果表明:文香24A的单株和单穗开花历期最短,文香28A的单株开花历期和壮香2051A的单穗开花历期最长;除水香285A外,不育系壮香2051A、豪香310A、文香28A、文香24A的张颖持续时间比对照长;参试不育系都有较高的包穗率,但5个新育成不育系的包穗率比对照低;不育系的柱头外露率从高到低依次是文香28A、水香285A、壮香2051A、豪香310A、文香24A、珍汕97A,单外露率高于双外露率;文香28A、水香285A、豪香310A有1个明显的开花高峰期,文香28A尤为突出,对照珍汕97A 开花相对分散;文香28A的柱头活力保持时间最长,对照珍汕97A柱头活力下降最慢;大田自然异交结实率以文香28A最高,对照珍汕97A最低,豪香310、壮香2051A和文香24A异交结实率在30 %以上.新育成的5个不育系的异交性能均比对照具有不同程度的优势,有利于制种生产的利用.     

四种金属离子对地图幼鱼淀粉酶活性的影响

以酶学分析的方法研究了4种金属离子Na＋、K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋分别在单因子和双因子条件下对地图幼鱼淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明：在设定的浓度梯度内,单因子条件下,除Ca2＋对淀粉酶活性起强烈的抑制作用外,其余3种离子对淀粉酶活性均起促进作用,其中Mg2＋的促进作用最强。双因子条件下,Na＋和K＋互作对淀粉酶的激活作用高于2者单独作用,Na＋和Mg2＋在一定浓度下互作对淀粉酶的激活作用高于2者单独作用,而K＋和Mg2＋互作则会抑制Mg2＋的激活作用。     

矩形加筋圆柱壳轴压屈曲承载力优化

针对薄壁圆柱壳结构在轴压作用下容易发生屈曲失稳的问题,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS提供的APDL进行二次开发,建立加筋圆柱壳结构的优化模型,采用序列线性规划法对蒙皮厚度和加筋尺寸进行优化。将优化后的力学性能与等体积无加筋圆柱壳承载力的数值解及解析解进行比较,得到加筋圆柱壳的合理布筋,以及7种纵向和环向加筋数量算例的优化结果。结果表明:在加筋比较稀疏或比较密集的情况下,优化后圆柱壳的承载力相对于等体积无加筋圆柱壳基本没有提高;而加筋数量比较适当时,优化后圆柱壳的屈曲承载力比等体积无加筋圆柱壳的屈曲承载力最大提高了约50%。加筋布置方案及优化的尺寸结论对加筋柱壳设计具有参考价值。     

Identification of an ISR‐related metabolite produced by rhizobacterium Klebsiella oxytoca C1036 active against soft‐rot disease pathogen in tobacco

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella oxytoca C1036 (C1036) causes induced systemic resistance (ISR) activity against the soft‐rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum SCC1 (SCC1). However, microbial metabolites from C1036 involved in ISR activity remain unknown. The present study was performed to identify an ISR‐related metabolite produced by C1036. RESULTS: The supernatants of C1036 cultures grown on Luria‐Bertani medium were subjected to solvent extraction, repeated column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography for isolation of an ISR‐related metabolite. High‐resolution mass spectrometer analysis of the isolated metabolite indicated a C₉H₁₅O₃N compound with a mass of 185.11. Low‐resolution mass spectrometer analysis of the metabolite showed a molecular ion peak at 185 and its fragment ions at 84 and 56. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer analyses characterised all protons and carbons of the isolated metabolite. Based on the data, the isolated metabolite was determined to be butyl 2‐pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylate (BPC). BPC at 12 mM significantly suppressed the disease symptoms in ISR bioassays against SCC1. CONCLUSION: This is the first report identifying BPC as an ISR‐related metabolite produced by C1036. C1036 may play a role in promoting plant growth because it produces ISR‐related metabolites against the plant pathogen SCC1. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrates in diets for a new Japanese strain of juvenile soft‐shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis

An 8‐week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish meal (FM) replaced by soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on Japanese strain of soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis juveniles. Diets were formulated to replace FM protein by SPC at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 60% supplemented with phytase (2000 FTU kg^?1) (designated as S0, S15, S30, S45, S60 and S60P, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that the growth was significantly lower when dietary SPC replaced more than 45% FM. The turtles fed the S15 or S30 diet showed comparable feed and protein utilization efficiency compared with the S0 group, whereas more than 30% replacement of FM adversely affected these values. Increasing dietary SPC levels significantly lowered the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid, phosphorus and gross energy. Whole‐body protein, ash and phosphorus content showed a declining trend when dietary SPC levels increased, while body lipid and moisture content were unaffected. When the turtles were fed diets with increasing levels of SPC, serum total protein concentration, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities decreased with a corresponding increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity. Turtles fed the S60P diet showed comparable growth performance and feed utilization efficiency to the S40 group, and were superior to the S60 group. The present study showed that SPC could successfully substitute for 30% FM protein in the diets for P. sinensis juveniles, and the maximum effective substitution may be greater if exogenous phytase was added.