改进的TPS法:一种棉花叶片DNA快速提取方法

分子标记辅助选择需要大批量的DNA样品,快速提取DNA的方法是提高选择效率的关键。研究比较多种植物DNA的提取方法,通过优化改进,建立了适于棉花叶片基因组微量快速提取的新方法。该方法增加缓冲液预处理及在TPS缓冲液中添加PVP40,采用PCR板批量取样、微型手电钻磨样,省去了蛋白抽提、DNA沉淀、洗涤、风干、溶解等步骤,免去氯仿和异戊醇的使用。本方法具有低成本、快速、高通量、操作简单等特点,而且能确保提取的棉花DNA的浓度和纯度达到要求,满足大批量样本SSR分子标记辅助育种工作的需要。     

溴甲烷质量浓度检测系统的设计及试验研究

针对熏蒸处理中检测溴甲烷质量浓度时,基于单个通用型热导式传感器TCS208F检测结果易受容器内温度、相对湿度及CO_2条件干扰的问题,设计研发了溴甲烷质量浓度检测系统,系统包括热导式传感器TCS208F、数字化温湿度传感器和红外CO_2传感器,采用多元线性回归方法研究了容器内温度、相对湿度、CO_2及溴甲烷对TCS208F模块输出电压的影响,建立了溴甲烷质量浓度估计值与TCS208F模块输出电压、温度、相对湿度及CO_2体积分数检测结果之间关系的数学模型。试验结果表明:使用该溴甲烷质量浓度检测系统检测溴甲烷质量浓度时,系统将自动采集容器内温度、相对湿度、CO_2及TCS208F模块输出电压值,经数学模型处理后系统所得的溴甲烷质量浓度估计值与经安捷伦网络气相色谱仪6890N的检测结果偏差不超过1.1g/m3。在检验检疫口岸熏蒸处理中使用该检测系统检测溴甲烷质量浓度具有实用性。     

Banning of methyl bromide for seed treatment: could Ditylenchus dipsaci again become a major threat to alfalfa production in Europe?

In Europe, the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci has been listed as a quarantine pest by EPPO: without any control, it may cause complete failure of alfalfa crops. Movement of nematodes associated with seeds is considered to be the highest‐risk pathway for the spread of this pest. Since the 2010 official withdrawal of methyl bromide in Europe, and in the absence of any alternative chemical, fumigation of contaminated seed batches is no longer possible, which makes the production of nematode‐free alfalfa seeds difficult to achieve and leads to unmarketable seed batches. Thermotherapy is being considered as a realistic alternative strategy, but its efficiency still remains to be validated. The combination of the currently available methods (i.e. use of resistant cultivars, seed production according to a certification scheme, mechanical sieving, seed batch inspection) could significantly reduce the likelihood of seed contamination. However, it does not guarantee a total eradication of the nematode. Although it is already widely distributed all over Europe, reclassification of D. dipsaci as a regulated non‐quarantine pest to reduce the possibility of further introductions and the rate of spread of this pest appears to be a risky strategy because of the lack of up‐to‐date documented data to evaluate damage thresholds and determine acceptable tolerance levels. [[ArtCopyrightmsg]]     

基于溴离子示踪的干旱地区潜水蒸发规律研究

【目的】定量研究干旱地区潜水蒸发规律。【方法】以河套灌区义长灌域为研究区,采用人工示踪剂溴离子示踪法研究了盐荒地潜水蒸发规律,通过获取试验期间研究区内6个试验点不同土层深度土壤溴离子质量浓度、含水率、含盐量数据,分别利用化学示踪法、水均衡法及经验公式法计算了潜水蒸发量,对比了3种方法的结果及适用性并分析了潜水蒸发量与不同土质、不同土壤含盐量的关系。【结果】利用溴示踪方法得到研究区7月6日—8月18日潜水蒸发总量为35.20 mm,平均潜水蒸发系数为0.28;水均衡法所得结果为32.29 mm,与示踪法所得结果的相关系数达到0.96;由于研究区域土壤异质性强,且干旱区水文地质资料较为匮乏,经验公式法参数获取难,水均衡法所需实测资料多,在研究区适用性不高。而溴示踪法操作简单、经济实用,适用性强,较其他2种方法更为可靠。研究区潜水蒸发量随黏粒质量分数的增加而不断减小,二者之间的相关系数达到了0.80,尤其当土壤中存在黏土夹层时,将降低潜水蒸发速率。【结论】研究区土壤含盐量的变化量随潜水蒸发量增加而不断增加,表明盐荒地强烈的蒸发作用是造成耕地与荒地水盐交换的驱动力,直接影响灌区的水循环过程。     

“可得福”聚维酮碘与碘酊对犬腹部手术伤口的消毒效果比较

为了观察聚维酮碘消毒剂"可得福"对犬手术伤口的消毒效果,选用2～3月龄、3～5 kg的本地杂交犬10只,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组选用1.0%～0.5%"可得福",对照组选用2%碘酊和0.1%苯扎溴铵,在相同的手术条件与伤口情形下,对比两组犬分别使用上述药液涂擦或清洗对手术伤口的影响。结果显示,使用"可得福"消毒的有效性和安全性优于2%碘酊和0.1%苯扎溴铵。     

Allium spp thiosulfinates as substitute fumigants for methyl bromide

Methyl bromide, the most widely used fumigant, is considered to be one of the major factors causing depletion of the ozone layer, and this is likely to lead to it being banned in the near future. Allium sulfur volatiles (thiosulfinates, R-S-SO-R′; R, R′=Me, Pr, y Allul), known to be nematicides, have been evaluated as insecticides against insect pests in stored products, in comparison with their degradation compounds (disulfides) which have already been tested. Methyl and allyl thiosulfinates, with 24-h LD₅₀ values of 0.02–0.25 mg litre⁻¹, were more active than disulfides against six test insects and were superior to methyl bromide; it is suggested that they could be used as alternatives to methyl bromide in stored product control. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

老参地、农田地连续移栽人参实验研究

和大多数植物一样,人参存在着难以解决的不能重茬和连作的问题,笔者通过土壤杀菌、土壤复菌、在土壤中增加微量元素等综合性处理试验,找到了解决问题的关键,本文介绍老参地、农田地移栽人参的研究结果。     

4-甲氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物及其溴化物的氧化性能研究

本文合成并研究了4-MeO-TEMPO 及其溴化物对醇的氧化性能,结果表明,4-MeO-TEMPO 对NaClO 的氧化性能有较大的促进,是一个较好的 NaClO 氧化反应的助氧化剂;其溴化物本身是一个较好的限制性氧化剂。