MTT法测定棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞生长的影响

通过MTT法测定棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞生长的影响,确定棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞产生影响的最短作用时间和最低浓度,用于指导生产实践.从新疆多浪羊外周血分离淋巴细胞,将其加入10 mL的RPMI-1640中,均匀加入96孔细胞培养板中,于CO2培养箱中37℃培养12h后,分别以不同浓度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35 μmol/L)的棉酚进行作用,作用时间分别为1、2、3、4、5、6h,加入MTT培养4h,加入DMSO溶液终止反应,用酶联免疫检测仪于490 nm处检测各孔的吸光值.结果表明,随着棉酚作用浓度及作用时间的递增,多浪羊淋巴细胞活性在逐渐下降,说明棉酚对多浪羊的淋巴细胞活性有明显的抑制作用.     

Effect of gossypol on blood serum parameters and small intestinal morphology of male broilers

Summary In the present study, the effect of varied gossypol (GOSS) amounts was investigated on blood parameters, the digesta pH, villus height, villus width, and crypta depth, width of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. A total of one hundred eight Ross 308 male broilers were fed with four diet groups as follows: no gossypol (control), gossypol rate 62 mg/kg (GOSS 62), gossypol rate 124 mg/kg (GOSS 124) and gossypol rate 186 mg/kg (GOSS 186). The effect of used gossypol amounts on blood parameters was not found to be statistically significant. Increases in digesta pH values of jejunum and ileum with GOSS 186 diet group were found to be statistically significant. The results also indicated that, except duodenum villus height, there was no statistical difference effect of GOSS on epithelial cell thickness, villus height, villus width, crypta depth and crypta width of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. There have been no clearly negative effects of higher gossypol amounts up to 186 mg/kg diets on these parameters.     

棉酚旋光体的高效液相色谱分析

使样品中的左旋（－）棉酚和右旋（＋）棉酚与Ｌ－苯基丙胺醇充分反应以后，对生成的两种衍生物进行高效液相色谱分析。该方法以Ｗａｔｅｒｓ　μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋＣ１８色谱柱为固定相，甲醇－磷酸水溶液为流动相，获得了良好的分离效果。每次样品的分析时间在１０分钟以内。样品的制备过程简单，并排除了杂质干扰。实验结果指出，Ｌ－苯基丙胺醇与棉酚的充分反应时间应为１２０分钟以上，两者之间的摩尔比应大于４：１。在本文所述条件下，两种棉酚旋光体的进样量在１５ｎｇ～１．２μｇ之间与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系，相关系数均大于０．９９９。方法的精密度测验表明，两组分的标准方差与变异系数都分别在０．１５与３．０以下。（－）棉酚和（＋）棉酚的回收率依次为９８．０％和９８．７％。     

复合发酵对棉籽饼混合底物中FG和BG含量的影响

试验通过测定棉籽饼混合底物在微生物固体发酵过程中棉酚含量的变化,以研究复合发酵对棉籽饼混合底物中棉酚含量的影响。试验采用添加不同比例的ZD-3与ZD-5和ZD-3与ZD-8对棉籽饼混合底物进行二元复合发酵,然后测定发酵产物中TG、FG、BG含量。试验结果表明:棉籽饼混合底物经复合发酵处理后,均可极显著降低发酵底物中TGF、G和BG含量(P<0.01),并且FG和BG的减少部分均被降解消除;同时发现,ZD-3与ZD-5的复合发酵效果优于ZD-3与ZD-8的发酵效果,并且菌种比例对发酵结果有显著影响。当ZD-3与ZD-5的比例为3:1时,脱毒效果最好,脱毒率可达90.82%。     

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Determination of Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal

Gossypol is a toxic polyphenolic compound produced by the pigment glands of the cotton plant. The free gossypol content of cottonseed meal (CSM) is commonly determined by the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) wet chemistry method. The AOCS method, however, is laboratory-intensive, time-consuming, and therefore, not practical for quick field analyses. To determine if the free gossypol content of CSM could be predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), CSM samples were collected from all over the world. All CSM samples were ground and a portion of each analyzed for free gossypol by the AOCS procedure (reference data) and by NIRS (reflectance data). Both reflectance and reference data were combined in a calibration. The coefficient of determination (r²) and standard error of prediction (SEP) were used to assess the calibration accuracy. The r² was 0.728, and the SEP was 0.034 for the initial calibration that included samples from all over the world. However, the r² and SEP improved to 0.921 and 0.014, respectively, if the calibration was made using CSM samples only from the United States. These results indicate that a general prediction equation can be developed to predict the free gossypol content of CSM by NIRS. From a practical standpoint, NIRS technology provides a method for quickly assessing whether a particular batch of CSM has a free gossypol content low enough to be suitable for use in poultry diets.     

游离棉酚水平对海兰蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用43周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡120羽,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10羽鸡分别饲喂游离棉酚(FG)含量为0mg/kg、20mg/kg、70mg/kg、120mg/kg的试验日粮.试验结果表明:(1)日粮游离棉酚水平对产蛋率影响不显著(P＞0.05),(2)日粮游离棉酚水平对蛋重影响不显著(P＞0.05).(3)当FG达到120mg/kg时,蛋鸡的日采食量比对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),下降了1.4g;日粮中FG含量达到70mg/kg时蛋鸡的日采食量略有下降.     

Lowering seed gossypol content in glanded cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines

Cottonseed is a rich source of high quality protein, but its value as an animal feed is limited by gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic compound contained in glands located throughout the plant. This compound helps protect the plant from pests. Totally glandless varieties have been developed, but not adopted as these plants are left vulnerable to pests. This study describes a breeding strategy to decrease the levels of gossypol in the seed while maintaining a high enough concentration of toxin in vegetative plant parts to offer protection from pests. Preliminary studies indicated that crosses between varieties with different gland densities and distributions produced a range of glanding patterns. By selecting within the resulting progeny, we have identified F₇ generation progeny that have <0.30% total gossypol in the seed, while still possessing glands at critical locations on the vegetative plant parts. These new lines will be a valuable source of germplasm for developing low seed gossypol varieties. Seed from these varieties would provide a new source of inexpensive protein for animal feeding rations.     

食用棉籽蛋白液——液—固三相萃取法脱酚试验研究

棉籽蛋白是很好的植物蛋白和饲用蛋白源,但其中含有有毒成分棉酚,需要经过脱毒处理才能利用。研究液—液—固三相萃取法脱除棉籽饼粕中游离棉酚(FGP)的效果,以期为食用棉籽蛋白的开发提供参考。     

棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕酶解脱毒的条件参数优化

【目的】优化棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕酶解脱毒的条件参数。【方法】采用4因子4水平的正交试验设计,以游离棉酚的含量为指标筛选出棉籽粕的最佳酶解条件参数。【结果】棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕酶解脱毒的最佳条件参数为温度35℃、时间1.5 h、添加量3%、底物水分35%。【结论】筛选出的酶解脱毒参数具有显著的效果,在最优酶解参数条件下,通过试验验证,棉籽粕中游离棉酚的含量由341.02 mg/kg降至37.01 mg/kg,游离棉酚脱毒率可达89.15%,可以应用于对棉籽粕游离棉酚的酶解脱毒。     

响应面法与基于神经网络的遗传算法在优化棉粕固态发酵中外源添加物用量上的应用

采用响应面法和基于神经网络的遗传算法,对提高棉粕固态发酵中游离棉酚降解的外源添加物水平(尿素添加量、碳酸钠添加量、菜粕添加量等因素)进行优化,并对这2种方法的优化效果进行比较.结果表明:采用响应面法优化,当尿素、碳酸钠和菜粕的添加量分别为0.97%、2.47%和24.32%时,预测的游离棉酚最大降解率为77.71%,实际降解率为79.10%;3因素中,添加碳酸钠对棉酚降解的影响最显著;而采用神经网络协同遗传算法优化,当尿素、碳酸钠和菜粕的添加量分别为0.98%、2.45%和23.66%时,预测值和实际值分别为81.36%和80.09%;采用神经网络模拟结合遗传算法的优化方法拟合度为99.91%,高于响应面法的91.91%,且均方差(RMSE)较低,为0.13,表明在棉粕固态发酵优化中,采用基于神经网络的遗传算法比响应面法具有更好的结果拟合度和准确性.