镉对雌性生长猪血清性腺激素水平的影响

本试验以“杜长大”三元杂交猪为研究对象,研究了重金属镉对雌性生长猪血清性腺激素水平的影响。将48头体重27 kg左右的“杜长大”母猪按要求分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,分别饲喂不添加或添加10.0 mg/kg镉的饲粮。试验期83 d。饲养试验结束后,随机从各组的每个重复中选体重相近的猪各2头,共12头,进行屠宰。结果表明:添加10.0 mg/kg镉显著(P<0.05)降低猪的日增重18.6%、日采食量4.0%和饲料转化效率15.1%。使血清雌二醇,孕酮,卵泡刺激素,黄体生成素水平分别显著(P<0.05)降低了10.1%,36.7%,39.3%和16.6%。     

Histological evidence of lunar-synchronized ovarian development and spawning in the spiny rabbitfish Siganus spinus (Linnaeus) around the Ryukyus

ABSTRACT: This study clarifies the annual reproductive cycle and the lunar-synchronized spawning of the spiny rabbitfish ( Siganus spinus ) that inhabit the Okinawan waters. Annual and weekly changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the histological features of the ovaries were checked. Gonadosomatic index was high during the months of May to July, and yolk-laden oocytes were observed in the ovaries from March to July. Some of the ovaries collected during June and July contained oocytes at maturation stage or ovulatory follicles. These results suggest that the spiny rabbitfish undergo active vitellogenesis and spawning from May to July. During the reproductive season (May to July), collection of fish according to the lunar phase revealed that a high GSI occurred around the time of the new moon. Cyclic oocyte development with peaks around the time of the same moon phase was also observed, suggesting that, in Okinawan waters, this species is a lunar-synchronized spawner and spawns three times.     

二花脸猪初情期前后血浆性激素浓度的变化

本试验采用放射免疫分析法测定了45头二花脸猪(22♂,23♀)45、60、75和90日龄血浆17β-雌二醇、睾酮和孕酮的浓度,並对其性腺进行了组织学观察。结果表明,初情期前后二花脸猪血浆中的性激素水平均较高。     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Exposure of vitellogenic female common gobies, Pomatoschistus microps, to short photoperiod delays ovarian regression

Female common gobies, Pomatoschistusmicrops, which were exposed to short photoperiod (8L/16D), showeddelayed ovarian regression, compared to females exposed to long(20L/4D), to decreasing or to natural photoperiod, all at18 °C.     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon

Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified.     

The influence of reproductive status on the stimulatory action of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate on growth hormone secretion, in vitro in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The glutamate agonist, N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA) stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from pituitary fragments in vitro and increases plasma GH levels in vivo in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Flett et al. 1994; Holloway and Leatherland 1997a,b); however gonadal steroid hormones appear to modulate this response in experimental situations. This study examines whether steroid hormones also modulate the GH-regulatory actions of NMA during the normal reproductive cycle of rainbow trout by examining the relationship between the stage of sexual maturation and the pituitary release of GH in vitro in response to an NMA (10^-8 M) challenge. NMA had no effect on mean GH release from the pituitary glands of fish that were immature (GSI <1.0), from males during early development (GSI 1.0-3.0), or from sexually mature males (with free running milt) and females (ovulated). However, NMA significantly increased GH release from pituitary glands taken from females during the early stages of gonadal growth (GSI 1.0-9.0) and from males and females sampled during the later stages of gonadal growth (males GSI 3.01-6.0; females GSI 9.01-15.0). The GH-stimulatory action of NMA in males and females progressed to a maximum effect during the late stages of gonadal growth, and disappeared in ovulated females and free running males. Moreover, in female fish, the maximal GH release in response to the NMA challenge is positively correlated with plasma 17β-estradiol levels; no such correlation was evident for plasma testosterone levels in males. Changes in the GH response to NMA during maturation while gonadal steroid levels fluctuate provides further evidence to suggest that the effects of NMA on GH secretion are intimately linked to endogenous gonadal steroid hormone levels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

foxl3重组质粒过表达与17ɑ-甲基睾酮投喂对斜带石斑鱼性腺发育的影响

通过foxl3重组质粒过表达与MT投喂对比,探究一种新型的调控斜带石斑鱼性腺发育的方法。以foxl3重组质粒注射以及MT投喂3月龄的石斑鱼幼鱼,观察性腺发育状态,利用荧光定量PCR检测分析性腺分化相关基因的表达。结果显示：质粒注射初期性腺注射组卵巢较对照组小,体细胞较多,存在向雄性方向发育的趋势（存在睾丸间质细胞）,且质粒注射初期的雄性相关基因—amh,激素生成相关基因—cyp11b、11β-hsd2,精子发生相关基因—rec8和sycp3的相对表达量显著高于对照组。MT投喂组后期的性腺组织处于明显的兼性发育期,而对照组仍处于O2期卵母细胞期;MT投喂组,amh、cyp11b、11β-hsd2、rec8和sycp3基因相对表达量趋势与质粒注射一致,但投喂组与对照组之间的差异较质粒注射更显著。在本实验条件下,MT投喂调控性腺雄性化的效果较foxl3质粒注射的效果明显。以上结果表明,foxl3重组质粒过表达对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼性腺发育具有明确的雄性化调控作用,且这种调控可能具有剂量依存效应。     

三倍体大黄鱼的诱导及其对生长、性腺发育的影响

自20世纪50年代以来,采用染色体操作技术人工诱导多倍体在鱼类遗传育种领域已得到广泛的应用。国内外已先后在三棘刺鱼[1]、鲤[2]、水晶彩鲫[3]等30多种鱼类成功获得三倍体。在理论上,由于三倍体性腺发育受阻,其用于性腺发育的能量可全部用于生长。因此鱼类育种学家期望通过诱导三倍体,使经济鱼类生长更快,经济效益更高。但历经30余年的研究,诸家看法仍未统一。一些学者认为三倍体鱼比二倍体生长快[4,5],另一些学者则认为三倍体鱼并不比二倍体生长快[6,7]还有一些学者的研究表明三倍体鱼在性成熟以后比二倍体生长稍快[8,9]。对于三倍体…     

长牡蛎"海大3号"生长繁殖与营养成分的周年变化

为阐明长牡蛎"海大3号"新品种的生长与繁殖特性,自2016年11月份至2017年10月份对养殖于山东省荣成海区长牡蛎"海大3号"群体的生长、性腺发育及营养成分的周年变化及其与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果显示,在海区水温较低的冬季1—2月份,长牡蛎"海大3号"生长缓慢,性腺处于休止期;随水温升高,在春季3—4月份配子开始发育,雌雄个体发育基本同步,4—5月份壳高生长速率加快,湿重显著增加;在夏季,随配子发育壳高生长速率降低,7月份因配子排放湿重下降;在产卵后的秋季长牡蛎"海大3号"壳高和湿重均显著增长。营养分析结果表明,随性腺发育,外套膜、性腺-内脏团、鳃和闭壳肌中糖原含量呈下降趋势,为配子发育提供能量;脂质和蛋白质作为配子主要结构物质在性腺中不断累积,随配子排放而显著降低;在秋季,4个组织中较高的蛋白质含量为机体的快速生长提供物质基础。同时外套膜作为构成壳物质的分泌器官,在8—9月份其糖原含量和脂质含量显著增加,这暗示机体的快速生长需要一定能量储备。研究表明,长牡蛎"海大3号"的生长和繁殖活动受海区水温季节性变化的影响,并与各组织营养成分密切相关。春季和秋季为机体快速生长时期,夏季为配子集中排放期;糖原是生长繁殖活动的主要能量来源,脂质是配子主要结构物质,蛋白质是机体产后恢复和快速生长的物质基础。     

基于性腺发育阶段估算渤海湾雌性口虾蛄初次性成熟体长

为准确掌握渤海湾雌性口虾蛄初次性成熟体长信息,本研究以2018年4—11月渤海湾渔业资源科学调查期间逐月拖网渔获物为对象,通过观察雌性口虾蛄性腺的发育阶段,分别以性腺发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期作为性成熟的判别标准,采用2种逻辑斯蒂模型进行初次性成熟体长估算。结果显示,体长为7.00 ~ 7.99 cm的雌性口虾蛄即可达到性成熟并完成产卵行为,体长为9.00 ~ 11.99 cm的个体在数量上对繁殖亲体起着主要贡献作用。当逻辑斯蒂模型中性成熟比例渐近值为待估参数时,以性腺发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期作为性成熟标志得到的雌性口虾蛄初次性成熟体长分别为（9.42 ± 0.02）cm、（10.44 ± 0.04） cm和（12.03 ± 0.17）cm。当逻辑斯蒂模型中性成熟比例渐近值取固定值时,以性腺发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期作为性成熟标志得到的初次性成熟体长分别为（9.44 ± 0.02）cm、（10.50 ± 0.04） cm和（11.74 ± 0.08）cm。研究表明,采用可变性成熟比例渐近值逻辑斯蒂模型的拟合结果优于采取固定值形式的模型。建议渤海湾口虾蛄的开捕最小体长不少于9.42 cm。