山羊子宫内膜基质细胞对上皮细胞IL-18分泌活性的调节作用

为了探究性腺激素作用下山羊子宫内膜上皮细胞（EEC）中白细胞介素-18（IL-18）的分泌活性,以及子宫内膜基质细胞（ESC）对其分泌活性的调节作用。基于套皿共培养永生化山羊EEC和ESC为体外研究模型,通过ELISA和Western blot方法检测E2和/或P4对EEC中IL-18分泌水平的作用以及ESC对该作用的影响。ELISA结果显示,E2较无激素对照组可显著增强单独培养EEC中IL-18的分泌水平（P〈0.05）,P4单独或与E2联合作用则进一步增强其分泌活性（P〈0.01）;EEC与ESC共培养模式下,ESC细胞对性激素作用下EEC中IL-18分泌活性具有显著的抑制作用。Western blot结果显示,在单独培养或与ESC共培养模式下,EEC培养上清液中IL-18均以相对分子质量大小18 300的具有生物活性的蛋白形式存在。本研究结果表明,山羊ESC对性腺激素作用下EEC中IL-18的分泌活性具有重要调节作用。     

温室内中华鳖性腺发育的研究

采用性腺组织切片观察与繁殖行为观测相结合的方法,对温室养殖中华鳖的性泉发育进行研究。试验结果表明温室中养殖的中华鳖不仅生长速度加快,而且性发育也提早。中华鳖在温室条件下下饲养１０个月时,雌鳖的卵核完全移至动物极并贴近卵膜,雄鳖的精巢内已有大量的精子生成,切开输精管有大量乳白色的精液流出。雌鳖性成熟年龄为２１个月,雄鳖性成熟年龄为１０个月。     

福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶的繁殖生物学

本文研究了福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶性腺周期发育、成熟系数周年变化、个体生殖力以及雌雄同体。港养斑鰶能在半封闭式湾内发育成熟而且自然产卵。其卵细胞发育分为6个时相,精巢发育分为6期。卵膜由透明带、外放射带和内放射带组成,内有孔道结构。第4时相中期卵母细胞的内放射带有7～8层纤维状片层。产卵后鞘膜细胞和颗粒细胞分裂增殖变成游走的吞噬细胞。西埔湾港养斑鰶Ⅰ龄鱼初次性成熟,生殖季节从12月下旬至翌年3月下旬,生殖盛期为2月,雌鱼成熟系数高达17.88％。个体绝对生殖力为7575～72621粒,平均 35310粒,系属于分批产卵类型,第1批生殖力大于第2批。     

Gonadal morphogenesis and sex differentiation in cultured chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus

The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish.     

养殖银鲳性腺发育规律和性类固醇激素变化

为掌握养殖银鲳的性腺发育规律及其与性类固醇激素水平的关系,本研究采用组织切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa),观察养殖条件下银鲳的精巢与卵巢发育特征和血清中性类固醇激素的周年变化,并分析性腺成熟指数(GSI)、肝重指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)与性腺发育的关系。结果显示,养殖银鲳雌鱼1龄即可发育成熟,成熟卵巢呈一对""形的囊状结构。11月份有近一半个体发育至III期,33.3%已发育至IV期,12月—翌年1月越冬期间约2/3退化至II期,3月又迅速发育至IV期,4月份达到V期并产卵,5月份产卵结束卵巢进入恢复期IV期。银鲳精巢属小叶型,III期精巢出现小叶腔,IV期精巢出现精子,精巢发育速率快于卵巢,即"雄性早熟",7月龄约20%个体可达到性成熟,越冬时退化至III期,3月重新发育,精子分批成熟排精。雌鱼GSI值为0.19%~12.89%,HSI为0.97%~2.30%,CF为2.30~3.08 g/cm~3,雄鱼的GSI为0.08%~2.62%,HSI值为0.73%~1.83%,CF为2.11~2.80 g/cm~3,GSI值在V期时达到最大,HSI和CF值则于IV期达到峰值。雌鱼血清中雌二醇(E2)周年表达水平为23.27~59.13 pg/m L,雄鱼为15.90~36.20 pg/m L,雌鱼的睾酮(T)为14.57~68.67 nmol/L,雄鱼的T为18.62~66.49 nmol/L,E2水平与HSI值呈现显著正相关关系,T表达水平与GSI值呈现显著正相关关系。研究表明,银鲳血清中性类固醇激素含量与精巢和卵巢的发育密切相关,可作为了解养殖银鲳性腺发育的重要指标。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Haematococcus pluvialis powder on gonadal development,coloration and antioxidant capacity of adult male Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

The green algae Haematococcus pluvialis is an important source of natural astaxanthin as feed additive. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of H. pluvialis powder on gonadal development, coloration and antioxidant capacity of adult male Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, and four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of H. pluvialis powder. There were four treatments (defined as D1~D4) in this study and each treatment had three replicates. Dietary H. pluvialis contents had no significant effects on survival, body weight gain rate and gonadal development of male E. sinensis. For colour parameters, the total carotenoids content in carapace and hepatopancreas as well as hepatopancreatic lightness (L*) and carapace redness (a*) increased significantly with increasing dietary H. pluvialis (p < 0.05). For the antioxidant indices in the serum, D4 had the lowest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), but the highest glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatopancreas decreased significantly with the rising content of dietary H. pluvialis (p < 0.05); D1 had the highest levels of SOD, POD and GSH‐Px in hepatopancreas. For the non‐specific immune indices, the highest activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT) were found on the serum of D3 and D4 (p < 0.05). D1 had the highest levels of ACP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hepatopancreas, while D2 and D3 had the lowest levels of ALP and ACP respectively. These results suggested the optimal dietary natural astaxanthin level was around 40 mg/kg diets.     

半刺厚唇鱼的人工繁殖试验

对从闽江中上游水域中捕获的半刺厚唇鱼(Acrossocheilius hemispinus)进行了人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖实验,并观察了亲鱼性腺发育情况。结果显示:野生半刺厚唇鱼在人工饲养条件下能够生长,性腺发育至成熟。在繁殖季节(5—6月),对培育的亲鱼通过人工催产和人工授精方法获得受精卵,雌鱼催产率为54.0%,受精率为83.3%。在25~28℃的水温条件下,受精卵经过62 h发育,仔鱼脱膜孵出。仔鱼经过55~65 d的培育成全长25~35 mm的鱼苗,鱼苗成活率为43.8%。     

Effect of three diets on the gametogenic development and fatty acid profile of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) gonads

In this study, the effects of three diets were investigated to enhance Paracentrotus lividus production for commercial purposes. P. lividus were fed ad libitum for 80 days with: diet A—fresh Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797; diet B—formulated using a jellified mix of macroalgae and vegetables, including C. tomentosum (20%), Coralina sp. Linnaeus, 1758 (17%), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus, 1753 (30%), carrot Daucus carota Linnaeus, 1753 (30%) and agar (3%) as a gelling agent. Diet C consisted of maize Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753 (56%) and New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas, 1781) Kuntze, 1891 (44%). Their effects on the gonadal and somatic growths, gonadosomatic index (GI) and gametogenesis were evaluated, as well as on the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of sea urchin's gonads. Diet A provided high values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gonads of sea urchins fed with diet A were found mostly in growth and maturation stages of gametogenesis and showed the lowest lipid content. Sea urchins fed with diet B presented their gonads in the reabsorption stage and had the highest values of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea urchins fed with diet C were in the early stages of gametogenesis and had the highest values of lipid content, plus omega‐6 PUFAs. Once as an ingredient in a balanced mix with vegetables, C. tomentosum can be a key factor to the development of new promising high‐quality and low‐cost feed for P. lividus roe enhancement.     

泥鳅cyp19a1基因克隆及其在倍性间的表达差异

克隆并分析泥鳅cyp19a1a的全长cDNA和5′侧翼序列,用qRT-PCR技术比较cyp19a1a在二倍体、四倍体泥鳅组织间和倍性间的表达差异。结果发现,泥鳅cyp19a1a的cDNA全长1 905 bp,包括29 bp的5′TR、301 bp的3′UTR和1 575 bp的ORF序列,其氨基酸序列中存在I-螺旋区、芳香化酶特异保守区以及血红素结合区等重要功能域。用hiTAIL-PCR克隆获得2 040 bp的5′侧翼序列,在该序列上预测到典型元件TATA-box,以及C/EBPβ、SRY、ER、CREB、GR等转录因子结合位点。12月龄四倍体泥鳅的体长、体质量均显著高于二倍体,但性腺发育明显滞后于二倍体。cyp19a1a和cyp19a1b分别在二倍体、四倍体泥鳅的性腺和脑中的表达量最高。倍性间比较结果显示,cyp19a1a在四倍体各组织中的表达均高于二倍体(除精巢外);cyp19a1b在四倍体雌鳅脑中的表达量显著高于二倍体,但在四倍体雄鳅脑中的表达量显著低于二倍体。综合分析上述结果,四倍体中相对较高的cyp19a1a表达可能与其性腺所处发育时期有关,较晚的性成熟有利于泥鳅将更多能量用于个体生长。由于cyp19a1及其催化产生的雌激素还可以通过GH-IGF通路调节鱼类的生长,推测cyp19a1在泥鳅倍性间的差异表达可能与二倍体、四倍体间的生长生殖差异密切相关。     

犬子宫肌瘤的病理学研究

子宫肌瘤是人类女性生殖器官最常见和多发的良性肿瘤,而在动物中很少见.我们动物医院接诊了一个病犬,经过病理学研究证明为子宫肌瘤.原因可能是老龄阶段的狗,由于遗传因素、内分泌失调、微量元素缺乏、炎症或创伤等因素,引起子宫的未分化细胞,演变成肌瘤细胞,形成子宫肌瘤.