国内外林业装备主要技术水平和发展趋势

论述了国内外林业装备技术的现状，分析了国内林业装备技术的发展趋势，阐述了林业装备在我国林业建设特别是六大林业重点工程中所起的重要作用。     

EFFECTS OF FLUID AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL FACTORS ON CONSPICUITY OF CANINE AND FELINE NASAL TURBINATES

Turbinate destruction is an important diagnostic criterion in canine and feline nasal computed tomography (CT). However decreased turbinate visibility may also be caused by technical CT settings and nasal fluid. The purpose of this experimental, crossover study was to determine whether fluid reduces conspicuity of canine and feline nasal turbinates in CT and if so, whether CT settings can maximize conspicuity. Three canine and three feline cadaver heads were used. Nasal slabs were CT‐scanned before and after submerging them in a water bath; using sequential, helical, and ultrahigh resolution modes; with images in low, medium, and high frequency image reconstruction kernels; and with application of additional posterior fossa optimization and high contrast enhancing filters. Visible turbinate length was measured by a single observer using manual tracing. Nasal density heterogeneity was measured using the standard deviation (SD) of mean nasal density from a region of interest in each nasal cavity. Linear mixed‐effect models using the R package ‘nlme’, multivariable models and standard post hoc Tukey pair‐wise comparisons were performed to investigate the effect of several variables (nasal content, scanning mode, image reconstruction kernel, application of post reconstruction filters) on measured visible total turbinate length and SD of mean nasal density. All canine and feline water‐filled nasal slabs showed significantly decreased visibility of nasal turbinates (P < 0.001). High frequency kernels provided the best turbinate visibility and highest SD of aerated nasal slabs, whereas medium frequency kernels were optimal for water‐filled nasal slabs. Scanning mode and filter application had no effect on turbinate visibility.     

牛鼻绳牵出10600年前苑和囿

苑和囿是业界认定属早期园林类型之一,囿的出现不早于殷商。野牛须先驯为畜,方可进囿。牛鼻绳是嫩竹篾扭成的绳,穿进牛鼻两孔间壁肉的穿孔,大犍牛就可被驾驭。这是迄今发现最早的大家畜驯化工具,是人类从原始社会跨进农牧社会门槛的"门栓"。这是人类1万年前首次改造和利用自然、发现自我价值的时代,也是苑和囿同时涌现的时代。     

作物病害智能诊断与处方推荐技术研究进展

由“植物诊所”形成的电子病历为作物病害处方推荐提供了新的思路。如何高效地挖掘电子病历数据并辅助作物病害处方推荐,目前还是亟待解决的研究热点问题。在总结和整理现有国内外研究文献的基础上,对基于显微图像的作物病害病菌孢子识别、基于光谱的作物病害诊断、基于电子病历的作物病害处方推荐等作物病害诊断与处方推荐关键技术进行了系统分析与讨论。综述结果表明,围绕作物病害病菌侵染过程,以智能化处方推荐需求为导向,开展基于电子病历数据挖掘的作物病害处方推荐研究,将成为一个研究重点。针对作物病害处方推荐过程中,存在由于作物病害致病机理复杂、作物品种及病害种类多、病害病症动态变化且特征多等特点和难点,研究基于电子病历数据挖掘的作物病害致病机理解析、诊断推理、智能化处方推荐及其应用策略,将是研究的重大方向;探索基于知识图谱分析、大数据挖掘和机器学习算法推理等关键技术的作物病害电子病历数据挖掘分析研究,从区域宏观视角可视化解析作物病害致病机理及其与特征间的关联关系,面向实际应用场景实现基于诊断推理的单一作物病害处方推荐、基于语义匹配的多种作物多种病害处方推荐,具有更大的实际意义。     

电子鼻结合GC-MS分析不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味成分的影响

为了解不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味物质的影响,为罗非鱼片加工提供参考依据,采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了经超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透热泵干燥(UAPOHPD)、热泵干燥(HPD)、超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透真空冷冻-热泵联合干燥(UAPOVFHPCD)和真空冷冻干燥...     

臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜挥发性成分的影响

为探究臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜的除腥效果,以鲢鱼糜为试验材料,采用电子鼻结合顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测分析传统漂洗和臭氧气浮漂洗后鲢鱼糜的挥发性成分,寻找其腥味来源。结果显示:鲢鱼糜中共检测到24种挥发性物质。与传统漂洗鱼糜相比,经过臭氧气浮漂洗后,鱼糜中挥发性成分减少,己醛、庚醛、壬醛、癸醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等对鱼腥味贡献较大物质的相对含量皆有所降低,而1-甲基-4-硝甲基-哌啶和5-甲基-2-苯基-吲哚等其他化合物并未被检测出。电子鼻的PCA分析结果与HS-SPME-GC-MS检测结果相一致。结果表明,使用臭氧气浮漂洗鱼糜相比传统漂洗可有效减轻鱼糜腥味,漂洗时间应控制在10～15 min。     

渔业专题电子海图的数据结构设计

为实现渔业专题电子海图的标准化生产与应用,本文以IHO S-57国际电子海图标准为基础,通过分析海图数据模型和数据结构,以及渔业专题信息的主要内容和特点,扩展了数据集信息记录中的数据集标识字段,定义了海洋渔业专题电子海图产品的编码规则,在物标和属性类目中增加了渔业专题物标和专题属性,并添加了部分专题属性项(值),从而设计了渔业专题电子海图的数据结构。研究成果将有利于整合、共享与应用海洋渔业信息,促进渔业专题电子海图产品的研发与生产,为渔业生物资源研究与利用、渔业生产与管理以及海洋渔业经济发展等提供规范化信息服务支持。     

海洋渔业电子地图系统软件设计与实现

系统地介绍了海洋渔业电子地图系统软件EA2000的数据模型和主要功能的设计与实现，EA2000采用了面向对象的数据模型，紧密的矢栅数据接口，以及图层－地图－图集一体化数据组织管理方法，该软件具有开放的数据输入接口，图层创作的自动化和动态交互式编辑，双向查询检索，缩放漫游与多级比例尺联动显示，动态显示，对象信息自动显示，地理信息系统渔船动态监控管理，多媒体信息插入管理，互操作等功能。     

基于电子鼻技术的野生当归与栽培当归气味比较

目的：评价甘肃野生当归与栽培当归的品质。方法：通过电子鼻检测不同当归气味在传感器上的响应值,并采用主成分（PCA）、判别因子（DFA）进行分析。结果：野生当归与栽培当归气味差异明显。结论：电子鼻技术对当归气味的判别与传统经验鉴别相一致,可以作为中药质量的快速鉴别手段。     

Evaluation of coral bleaching condition <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer

ABSTRACT:   Photosynthetic activities of hermatypic corals (28 genera, c . 68 species and c. 92 specimen) were measured in November 2000 at Sekisei lagoon, Okinawa, Japan, using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) ranged from 0.61 to 0.70 and had an average value of 0.664 (standard deviation [SD], 0.0289). Following the measurement of Fv/Fm, quantum yield (Fm'-F)/Fm' at eight-leveled actinic-light intensities were obtained from all specimens. Values of electronic transport rates (ETR) were nearly the same under low photosynthetic active radiation (PAR; µmol quanta/m² per s) condition and varied with increasing PAR. The value of ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s ranged from 21.3 to 30.0 and had an average of 27.8 (SD, 2.09). In August 2001, a coral bleaching event was observed in Sekisei Lagoon. During the event, photosynthetic activities of 21 specimens of eight species (seven genera) were measured. By applying two indicators, Fv/Fm and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s obtained in August 2000, 18 of 21 specimens were suggested under the bleaching process. In case of Porites lutea , seven colonies were visually evaluated for their condition of bleaching and were found to have two 'normal', three 'slightly bleached' and two 'heavily bleached'. From the density of zooxanthellae, colonies evaluated 'normal' or 'slightly bleached' did not show an apparent difference. However, they were clearly identified by Fm/Fv and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s.