胡萝卜雄性不育系及保持系光合日变化及其影响因子研究

文章对胡萝卜不育系及其保持系光合速率(Pn)日变化规律进行比较研究。结果表明,供试材料胡萝卜不育系光补偿点、光饱和点和表观量子效率均低于保持系,说明不育系光合能力低于保持系。不育系与保持系净光合速率的日变化均呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象,气孔是主要限制因素。影响不育系与保持系净光合速率日变化的主要生态因子是光照强度,主要生理因子是气孔导度和蒸腾速率。日平均净光合速率保持系较不育系高9.2%,主要生理因子气孔导度和蒸腾速率保持系均高于不育系。     

应用反演式气体扩散技术测定奶牛场甲烷的排放特征

为了准确揭示奶牛场的甲烷排放特征,在我国首次采用国际上最新的反演式气体扩散技术与开路式激光仪相结合的研究方法,分别于2009年冬季和2010年春季测定了保定市某奶牛养殖基地甲烷的排放特征,测定期间养殖基地的动物总量平均为1 200头.结果表明,奶牛养殖场尺度的甲烷排放在冬季和春季均呈现出规律性的日排放特征,即养殖场甲烷日排放高峰出现在05:00、11:30和16:30,排放高峰的出现时间与上料时间基本吻合;冬季和春季试验期间该养殖场的反刍和粪尿甲烷总排放量分别为0.31 t·d-1和0.36t·d-1,养殖基地内整个牛群平均每头牛的反刍和粪尿甲烷日排放总量分别为0.26 kg·d-1和0.30 kg·d-1,春季的甲烷日排放量比冬季约高16.7%,初步揭示了奶牛场尺度甲烷排放的季节性差异.     

苦草对水中环境因子影响的日变化特征

在实验室模拟条件下，研究了沉水植物苦草对水体中环境因子影响的日变化特征。结果表明，苦草对水体中环境因子如pH值、溶解氧、电导率、总磷等有显著的影响，种有苦草的水中的电导率、总磷均明显低于无植物水体，溶解氧浓度和pH值明显高于无植物水体；另外，种有苦草的水体环境因子总体日变化趋势较明显，而无植物水体的环境因子基本处于相对稳定的状态，具有明显日变化特征的指标pH值、溶解氧的变化可能与苦草的光合作用有关，而总磷和电导率没有明显的日变化特征。试验结果为进一步研究沉水植物对水体中环境因子影响的日变化特征和影响机理，以及底泥磷释放可能存在的日变化具有一定的参考价值。     

恒定环境条件下西洋参叶片光合作用的日变化

为了探索西洋参叶片光合作用日变化的内在因素，以人工气候葙内培养的西洋参为材料．对1日中叶片光合作用的变化及某些生理生化指标进行了测定。结果表明：在恒定环境条件下西洋参叶片光合作用日变化表现下午低于上午的日变化规律．即呈日下降变化．日下降范围为15％--20％。1日中叶片气孔导度和蒸腾作用也呈下降变化，但气孔导度日下降百分率大于蒸腾作用的日下降率．气孔导度的日下降百分率与光合日下降百分率基本一致。蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的日下降百分率低于光合日下降百分率。胞间CO2浓度下午呈上升变化趋势，说明光合日下降属于非气孔限制作用。西洋参叶片光合速率与比叶重及叶片淀粉含量均呈现出极显著负相关关系，叶片光合产物的积累是发生光合日下降现象的重要原因之一。     

施用农家肥和化肥对盐碱地桑树生长和叶片光合日变化的影响

研究了施用化肥和农家肥对盐碱地桑树生长和叶片光合及叶绿素荧光日变化的影响,结果表明:盐碱地桑树的生长、光合和叶绿素荧光日变化明显受施肥的影响。施用化肥在一定程度上改善了盐碱地桑树的生长状况,但其作用效果没有农家肥明显。施用农家肥不但促进了桑树地上部生长,而且增加了桑树的根冠比,说明施用农家肥可促进盐碱地桑树根系生长。施用农家肥提高了盐碱地桑树叶片光合能力,表现在桑树的光合日积累量增加和光能原初转化效率提高,维持了盐碱地桑树叶片在中午时PSⅡ反应中心的活性,减缓了盐碱地桑树叶片中午的光抑制。施用农家肥桑树叶片在1天之中可以维持较高的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,以保证光合碳同化原料(CO2)的供应,且降低了桑树叶片中午时的叶面温度和叶片的卷曲程度,从而保持了叶片对光能的捕获和利用能力。     

Diurnal variations in absorption and translocation of a ferrated phytosiderophore in barley as affected by iron deficiency

The release of phytosiderophore (PS) from roots of Fe-deficient graminaceous plants follows a distinct diurnal rhythm with maximum release rates occurring usually 3 to 4 hours after the onset of light. However, it remains to be determined whether absorption of the PS-Fe³⁺ complex shows a diurnal rhythmicity similar to that of PS release, Barley plants grown with or without 10 µM FeEDTA for 7 days were fed with ferreted PS (10 µM labelled with ⁵⁹Fe) at 4-h intervals to study the diurnal variations in the absorption and transloca tion of ⁵⁹Fe, The absorption of ⁵⁹Fe, irrespective of the Fe nutritional status of the plants, was higher during the day and lower during the night but did not show any peak throughout the day-night cycle. On the other hand, the translocation of ⁵⁹Fe into shoots of Fe-deficient plants was lower than that of Fe-sufficient plants, while the Fe nutritional status of the plants did not affect the absorption of ⁵⁹Fe by roots, The formation of root apoplastic ⁵⁹Fe was lower during the day and higher during the night, regardless of the Fe nutritional status of plants. Our results showed that the absorption of the PS-Fe³⁺ complex by roots did not follow the PS release pattern.     

Effects of a short period of drought on changes in tuber volume and specific leaf weight. II. Diurnal changes

Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Short-term changes in tuber volume and in specific leaf weight were measured non-destructively. Tubers from control plants increased rapidly in volume during the night and did not grow, or even shrivelled during the day. Tubers of stressed plants did not show a uniform response; some tubers markedly declined in volume during the day. The patterns of volume increase of stressed plants became erratic after the stress, mainly because some plants never fully recovered. Patterns of diurnal fluctuation in tuber volume were similar to diurnal changes in specific leaf weight; tubers within the same stressed plant sometimes reacted differently. In these cases the effects on the diurnal fluctuation partly reflected the long-term effects, reported in an earlier paper.     

不同光照条件下东北红豆杉幼苗光合特性日变化

为了解东北红豆杉的光适应特性以达到高效培育的目的,以5年生东北红豆杉幼苗为研究对象,研究3种光照条件下(全光照FL、60%全光照F1和30%全光照F2)东北红豆杉幼苗光合特性的日变化规律,明确其幼苗随光温变化的生理响应特点。结果显示:3组幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)均呈现双峰变化趋势,9:00时Pn的峰值显著高于15:00时的峰值,且F2条件下的Pn最高,F1次之,FL最低;显然增加光照强度后,幼苗的Pn受到了强光的抑制。气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化规律与Pn相似,呈现出明显的双峰趋势,F2条件下幼苗的Gs变化幅度要小于其他2组幼苗的Gs;上午F2条件下幼苗的Tr最高,下午FL条件下的Tr最高。胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈现V型变化趋势,上午F2条件下幼苗的Ci最高,下午最低,且与FL条件下的幼苗差异显著。气孔限制值(Ls)的变化趋势与Ci完全相反。总体而言,幼苗增加光照强度后,在1 d内,从外观上幼苗生长状态正常,但净光合速率明显下降。      

城市草坪土壤呼吸冬季日动态特征研究

以福州市区的城市草坪为研究对象,采用Li-8100对其土壤呼吸速率进行3 d的连续观测,研究草坪土壤呼吸昼夜变化特征及其影响因子.结果表明:1)草坪土壤呼吸有明显的日变化特征;2)草坪土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化呈单峰曲线模式,雨天最大值出现在21:30,阴天最大值出现在11:30,晴天最大值出现在15:30;3)阴雨天气时土壤温度和含水量与土壤呼吸速率的双因素回归关系不显著,晴天时土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的回归性极显著(p＜0.01),土壤温度可以解释该日土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化的70.13%,土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率的线性关系仍不显著;土壤温度和含水量两个因素共同解释该日土壤呼吸昼夜变化的74.10%.