怀头鲇、鲇及其杂交F↓（1）肝、胰脏胚后发育及卵黄吸收方式

利用形态学和组织连续切片技术,对怀头鲇（Silurus soldatovi）、鲇（Silurus asotus）及其杂交F1的肝、胰脏胚后发育和卵黄吸收方式进行对比观察.结果表明,3种鲇出膜后约2天在心脏后方有一肝细胞团,3天后肝细胞团逐步增大,4天后肝分叶.以后随着各种鲇生长速度不同肝、胰脏发育程度也不同.3种鲇的胰脏均为紧凑型,卵黄囊依照先卵黄球、后脂肪的顺序被吸收,3种鲇只有怀头鲇和杂交F1代卵黄吸收方式相同.出膜后4天,各鲇的卵黄均被全部吸收,腹腔上部大部分空间为肝脏占有,同时腹腔内出现结构简单的胃及肠.研究还发现肝脏的发育与卵黄囊密切有关.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：460-465]     

饥饿和再投喂对美国红鱼消化器官组织学的影响

用石蜡切片方法观察和分析饥饿和再投喂对美国红鱼(Sciaenopsocellatus)消化器官形态结构和组织学的影响。鱼样体重(8.25±0.5)g,体长(8.84±0.27)cm。从形态结构看,饥饿与再投喂前后食道无明显变化,而饥饿10、15d的实验鱼胃壁变薄,幽门盲囊变小,肠管收缩,呈透明状,肝胰腺萎缩,呈姜黄色,胆管呈深绿色。从组织结构看,食道无明显变化;饥饿时间不同,各组织受损害和恢复程度不同。饥饿5d的实验鱼基本同对照组;而饥饿10、15d的实验鱼组织变化较明显:皱襞和上皮细胞高度均减少,分泌颗粒减少。胃腺细胞收缩,结构不完整;幽门盲囊长度和直径变小;肠直径变小,微绒毛退化;肝组织致密,肝细胞内脂滴减少,体积缩小;胰腺泡缩小,排列不规则。再投喂各主要结构均有所恢复,有些恢复到饥饿前水平,但大部分未能达到。     

Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria

Efficient land-use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS_-EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut-off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.     

1990—2020年河南省黄淮海平原国土空间“三生”功能时空演变

[目的] 对国土空间“三生”功能时空演变进行研究,为区域国土空间新格局的构建,实施监督国土空间规划和促进区域协调发展提供科学依据。[方法] 以河南省黄淮海平原为研究区,基于1990,2005和2020年土地利用遥感监测数据,运用功能归并、地理网格采样和空间协调度等方法开展研究。[结果] 1990—2020年,生产、生活功能指数分别上升了1.30%和20.83%,且均呈西部低而中东部高的特点,生态功能指数下降了2.52%。生产功能指数以相对平衡状态为主,生活功能变化幅度较小,空间上呈零散分布特点,生态功能空间变化幅度强烈。缩小区多位于研究区西南部,扩张区集中于西部和东端。国土功能的协调度逐渐变差,中高、高协调类型区面积均偏小,低协调类型区扩张显著,并成为最主要的功能协调类型,中低和中协调类型区面积比例持续下降。[结论] 应依据研究区国土空间的功能服务特性,合理统筹部署国土空间开发及利用,促进国土空间的生产、生活与生态功能协调发展。     

植物淹水胁迫对各生理特性的影响概述

在概述植物对淹水胁迫各种适应方式的基础上,重点从植物激素和各种酶的活性以及发酵途径、形态上的影响等方面,对近年来植物抗淹水胁迫适应性的研究进展作简要评述.     

西藏自治区湿地保护分区布局探讨

在全面分析西藏湿地资源特点基础上,结合其自然地理条件、湿地生态结构与功能、湿地保护建设主要目标,并考虑与现有规划相衔接等因素,将西藏湿地分为藏北高原湖盆湿地保护建设区、喜马拉雅山麓—藏南山原湿地保护恢复区、雅鲁藏布江中游谷地湿地利用示范建设区和藏东南高山峡谷湿地保护建设区,分析各区存在的问题,提出保护重点和主要措施。     

蛋白水平对F2代斑节对虾幼虾生长 及消化酶活力的影响

研究了饲料蛋白水平对F2代（针对饲料蛋白水平选育）斑节对虾幼虾生长和消化酶活力的影响。试验设 计7 个饲料蛋白质水平组（34%、36%、38%、40%、42%、44%、46%）,对选育F2代斑节对虾幼虾（2.84依0.04 g）进行48 d 养殖。结果表明,F2代斑节对虾幼虾在38%饲料蛋白组的增重率和特定生长率均为最高,且饵料系数最低;在34%饲 料蛋白组蛋白质效率最高,与36%、38%饲料蛋白组无显著差异,但显著高于40%及以上的各饲料蛋白水平组;成活 率表现为低蛋白组（34%~42%）显著高于高蛋白组（44%、46%）。斑节对虾常规营养成分受饲料蛋白水平影响,全虾粗 蛋白含量随着饲料蛋白水平的升高呈现出上升趋势,但肌肉中各组的粗蛋白含量无显著差异;全虾粗脂肪含量随着 饲料蛋白水平的升高呈现下降的趋势。胃蛋白酶表现为34%饲料蛋白组最高,随着蛋白质含量的升高而呈现出先上 升后下降再上升的波动,与肝脏蛋白酶的含量显示为波动互补的趋势;胃中淀粉酶的含量均高于肝脏,但胃淀粉酶 在各组间无显著差异;胃和肝脏脂肪酶随着蛋白含量的升高总体表现为下降的趋势。综合生长数据、常规营养成分 和消化酶活力等指标得出,38%饲料蛋白水平较为适宜选育F2代斑节对虾幼虾生长,针对低蛋白水平饲料的选育是 有效的。     

J-11 菌剂对肉鸡肠道消化酶活性 及生长性能的影响

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) J-11 菌剂对肉鸡肠道5 种消化酶活力及生长性能的影响。选用3 日龄仔肉鸡2 000 只,平均随机分成两组,即对照组和添加组。添加组3~21 日龄期间在基础日粮中添加0.1%J-11 菌 剂,对照组不添加J-11 菌剂。结果表明,饲料中添加0.1% J-11 菌剂后,可使肉鸡粪便中琢-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶 和纤维素酶的平均酶活力分别提高44.02%、45.99%、58.37%和45.73%,茁-葡聚糖酶的活力无显著变化;肉鸡平均日 增重提高13.00%,料重比降低11.0%。停饲J-11 菌剂后,添加组粪便中消化酶活力和肉鸡平均日增重等指标逐渐接 近对照组。J-11 菌剂具有提高肉鸡肠道多种消化酶活力,增加饲料转化率,改善肉鸡生长性能的作用。     

解析胡适译作《老洛伯》的文本功能及翻译策略*

胡适译作《老洛伯》发表于胡适提倡白话文学,建设中国新文学的大时代背景下,它不仅是白话诗歌的范本,还是悲剧叙事诗的范本,具备多重文本功能。因此,在翻译策略上来说,既忠实于原文,又有所创新。译作从形式上忠实于原作文学体裁,遵从原作叙事风格和情节安排;同时,打破原作的韵律节奏,突出故事的悲剧性。     

Morphological development of post hatch larval goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskål, 1775)

Ultrastructural changes in Rhabdosargus sarba larva in early life history were investigated. At hatching, the digestive system was histologically undifferentiated. The digestive tract was a straight tube attached to the dorsal end of the yolk‐sac and was not connected to either the mouth or the anus. The layer of gut epithelium at some regions of the luminal surface was straight and microvilli were not present. These straight borders were not observed at 1 day post hatching (DPH) onwards as microvilli increased in number on the luminal surface and became more regular. At 2 DPH, the digestive system was well differentiated and the separation of the mid‐ and hindgut by the intestino‐rectal valve became more advanced. At 0 DPH, the eye was spherical and the retina had a zonation with undifferentiated cells. The eye also lacked differentiated photoreceptors (PR). The retinal PRs increased in length and in number as the yolk‐sac was absorbed. By 2 DPH, the eye was fully pigmented, suggesting that the larval vision system was functional. The larvae had a pure cone retina at the onset of exogenous feeding. Morphological and functional differentiation of the digestive tract and the eye of the larvae preceded the completion of yolk and oil globule absorption. The oil globule was exhausted at 4 DPH and at 2 DPH, the yolk‐sac was completely absorbed. Food particles were observed at 3 DPH. Food particle ingestion and absorption of the yolk‐sac were observed as vision became fully functional.