冀中南地区马铃薯种薯大小对商品薯产量的影响

试验以5～35 g大小的费乌瑞它脱毒马铃薯种薯为材料,研究了冀中南地区不同种薯大小对商品薯产量的影响。结果表明:不同重量的种薯播种产量之间存在显著差异,以种薯重量为20~25 g的小型种薯株高平均值最大,产量最高;整薯播种比切块播种产量增加,增产幅度为1.2%~26.7%。冀中南地区生产商品马铃薯,应采用重量为20~25 g左右的小整薯作为种薯,可以获得较高的产量。     

Mapping and Comparative Analysis of QTL for Rice Plant Height Based on Different Sample Sizes within a Single Line in a RIL Population

To clarify the most appropriate sample size for obtaining phenotypic data for a single line, we investigated the main-effect QTL (M-QTL) of a quantitative trait plant height (ph) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of rice (derived from the cross between Xieqingzao B and Zhonghui 9308) using five individual plants in 2006 and 2009. Twenty-six ph phenotypic datasets from the completely random combinations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 plants in a single line, and five ph phenotypic datasets from five individual plants were used to detect the QTLs. Fifteen M-QTLs were detected by 1 to 31 datasets. Of these, qph7a was detected repeatedly by all the 31 ph datasets in 2006 and explained 11.67% to 23.93% of phenotypic variation; qph3 was detected repeatedly by all the 31 datasets and explained 5.21% to 7.93% and 11.51% to 24.46% of phenotypic variance in 2006 and 2009, respectively. The results indicate that the M-QTL for a quantitative trait could be detected repeatedly by the phenotypic values from 5 individual plants and 26 sets of completely random combinations of phenotypic data within a single line in an RIL population under different environments. The sample size for a single line of the RIL population did not affect the efficiency for identification of stably expressed M-QTLs.     

高山姬鼠胴体重长指标的变化规律

采用胴体重与体长的比值作为胴体重长指标KWL′。对2008－2010年贵州省大方县捕获的285只高山姬鼠(雌鼠138只,雄鼠147只)胴体重长指标进行分析表明,高山姬鼠胴体重长指标在1.38～3.32 g/cm之间,平均为(1.90±0.32) g/cm,雌雄鼠之间差异极显著。不同生境之间差异不显著。不同年龄组之间差异极显著,且随着种群年龄的增长,胴体重长指标不断增加。不同季节、不同月份之间差异显著, 胴体重长指标季节变化趋势为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。胴体重长指标与种群繁殖密切相关,可作为预测种群数量变动的参考依据之一。     

猪ESR、FSH-β和PRLR基因合并基因型对产仔数的影响

摘 要: 本试验以辽宁省三个引进猪种：长白、大白和杜洛克为对象,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测ESR、FSH-β和PRLR基因的多态性,分析三个基因的单基因及合并基因型对产仔数的影响。结果表明,ESR 、FSH-β和PRLR基因都存在AA、AB和BB三种基因型,在各猪群内基因型分布差异不显著(P＞0.05),各基因均处于遗传平衡状态。单基因分析表明,ESR 和FSH-β基因型产仔数的最小二乘均值具有按AA、AB 、BB递增的趋势,BB型为优良基因型,而PRLR基因的优良基因型为AA型。ESR 、FSH-β和PRLR基因的合并分析表明BBBBAA为最优合并基因型,合并后效应显著（P＜0.05)或极显著（P＜0.01),且合并基因型的遗传效应高于单基因型效应。因此,可以利用合并基因型对猪的产仔数进行标记辅助选择。     

红珠凤蝶小斑亚种幼虫的生物学特性

为合理开发利用红珠凤蝶小斑亚种和有效控制其为害,室内用卵叶马兜铃叶片饲养幼虫,研究了红珠凤蝶小斑亚种幼虫的生活习性、取食量和体重的变化规律。结果表明,幼虫有取食自身蜕和相互残杀的习性。1~3龄幼虫取食量较小,为幼虫总食量的5.23%,5龄幼虫的取食量最大,为幼虫总食量的77.11%。取食速率的变化趋势与取食量相似。幼虫期体重变化呈“S”型。     

Numerical simulation of contact problems in high pressure reciprocating pump systems

The cylinder bodies of reciprocating pumps easily fail from cracks due to complex external loads. Based on the working principle of reciprocating pumps, hydrodynamics, and a numerical method for surface to surface contact problems, a contact model involving a cylinder body, a valve base, and a valve pocket is established. Considering pressure fluctuation, flow pulsation, alternate loads, and the impact of the inlet and outlet valves, a finite element model for the complete system is established. Using this model, the contact state of the complete system is analyzed, and the stress distribution, contact state, contact stress distribution of the interface, and position of the weak part are obtained.     

Dynamic characteristic analysis of an all terrain vehicle body

The body is a key part of all terrain vehicles (ATV). Its dynamic characteristics greatly effect the vibration of the ATV assembly. Simulation and experimental methods are combined to analyze ATV body vibration characteristics. A computer aided design(CAD) model is built using UG4.0. A finite element method(FEM) model of an ATV body and a body with an engine are created using Hypermesh. The FEM model is imported to Msc.Nastran to calculate the free mode. The simulation model is verified by the experimental modal result. The results indicate that after the frame with engine, the first bending mode increases due to the engine increasing the body stiffness, while the first torsion mode decreases due to the engine mass. The effects on the dynamic response of the road and engine excitation are analyzed respectively. Vibration characteristic improvement methods and suggestions regarding the body are provided.     

沙地柏土壤特性与生物量的关系

对毛乌素沙地固定沙地不同地形（沙丘的顶部、迎风面、底部）中的沙地柏生物量进行比较,分析了土壤养分状况、土壤粒径与生物量关系。结果表明：迎风面的氮、有机质含量比较高,能够促进生物量的提高;天然沙地柏（土层深度〈50 cm）土壤颗粒组成均是以50-100μm的颗粒为主,生物量与土壤颗粒之间可相互影响。     

不同光谱能量分布对文心兰组织培养的影响

采用发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)调制获取不同光谱能量分布的光源,以荧光灯为对照,研究其对文心兰原球茎诱导、增殖及生根组培苗生长的影响。结果表明:红光有利于原球茎的诱导,并促使原球茎产生最高的增殖系数和碳水化合物含量以及最低的分化出芽率;蓝光使原球茎产生最高的蛋白质含量、酶系活力和分化出芽率;单一红光促进文心兰生根苗茎的伸长,但不利于叶片色素的形成;单一蓝光抑制生根苗茎的伸长,促进叶片蛋白质和色素的合成;红蓝光谱分布处理的生根苗的生长量、干重、能效和酶系活力指标均高于荧光灯对照,色素含量与荧光灯对照无显著差异;红光LED促进文心兰原球茎的诱导,蓝光LED促进分化,红蓝光谱构成的LED光源更有利于生根组培苗的正常生长,是替代荧光灯的理想光源。      

20%灭幼脲水悬浮剂润湿分散剂的选择

本文采用激光粒度仪测定粒径的方法对20%灭幼脲水悬浮剂的润湿分散剂进行了筛选,对分散剂种类、用量对20%灭幼脲水悬浮剂分散稳定性的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,NNO为选择的最佳分散剂,当NNO用量在2.5%时,分散稳定效果最好.