Effects of topical nitroglycerine patches and ointment on digital venous plasma nitric oxide concentrations and digital blood flow in healthy conscious horses

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare palmar digital venous plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and digital arterial blood flow after application of topical nitroglycerine (NTG). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Healthy adult horses (n=8). METHODS: Digital blood flow was measured by an ultrasonic Doppler flow probe surgically implanted around the medial palmar digital artery. Blood was collected from a catheter placed in the medial palmar digital vein for quantification of NO. NTG patches, NTG ointment or control patches were placed over the palmar digital vessels at the level of the fetlock. Two horses had an intra-arterial infusion of an NTG solution into the medial palmar digital artery in a pilot study. RESULTS: Digital arterial blood flow did not change significantly with application of the NTG patches, NTG ointment, or control patches. There were no statistically significant or biologically important changes in digital venous NO concentrations across time or between treated and control horses. In the pilot study, digital arterial blood flow and palmar digital venous NO concentrations increased with intra-arterial infusion of NTG. CONCLUSIONS: In clinically healthy horses, digital arterial blood flow and digital venous plasma NO concentrations did not change significantly with application of the NTG patches/ointment. These treatments are unlikely to have an effect on the digital vasculature of laminitic horses, however, further investigation is warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although NTG patches have been used as a method of decreasing vasomotor tone and improving digital blood flow in horses with laminitis, this study provides evidence in healthy conscious horses that this treatment is not effective in altering digital blood flow.     

Pulmonary Hypertension Induced in Dogs by Hypoxia at Different High-Altitude Levels

Chronic natural hypoxia at 2300 m altitude induces mild pulmonary hypertension (PH) in healthy dogs. The influence of more severe hypoxia on the same group of dogs was evaluated by re-examining such dogs at 3500 m, after they had regularly exercised at this altitude level for half a year. Despite severe hypoxaemia at 3500 m (P _aO₂ 52±5 mmHg), none of the dogs developed erythrocytosis, and their PCV at 3500 m (48%±4%) did not differ from that at 2300 m (49%±4%). There was a tendency towards an elevated systemic BP, with a significant increase in diastolic BP (105±13 mmHg at 3500 m versus 98±17 at 2300 m). Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was detected in 7 dogs at 3500 m compared to 8 dogs at 2300 m. The mean TR V _max was significantly higher at 3500 m, and all 7 dogs had systolic PH at 3500 m (33.6–54.8 mmHg), when PH was defined as TR V _max 2.8 m/s, i.e. a peak pressure gradient >30 mmHg. Hence, in dogs, increasing altitude and the concomitant hypoxia result in a progressively more pronounced PH and an elevated systemic BP. Intermittent severe hypoxaemia of around 50 mmHg may not cause erythrocytosis in healthy dogs, even over a prolonged period.     

加热大豆粕对高产奶牛血液代谢产物、产乳量和乳成分的影响

选用10头经产荷斯坦乳牛分为对照和试验组(n=5),以二乘反转法,研究了加热大豆粕对奶牛血液代谢产物、产乳量和乳成分的影响。试验组日粮用加热大豆粕替代了对照组日粮中的生大豆粕,使RUP比例提高3.9%,两组日粮其他组成和营养成分基本相同。结果表明,试验组牛血浆葡萄糖浓度有下降趋势(P<0.1),尿素氮、总游离氨基酸和必须氨基酸浓度两组间均无显著差异(P<0.1);两组牛干物质采食量无明显差异;试验组乳量、4%脂肪校正乳量、乳糖和无脂固形物产量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组增加7.1%(2.3kg/d)、6.1%(1.9k9/d)、80g/d(5.8%)和180g/d(6.8%);试验组乳蛋白质和乳脂肪产量增加30g/d(3.3%)和40g/d(5.0%),但无显著差异(P>0.1);试验组与对照组比较乳蛋白质率低0.09%单位(P<0.1),乳脂率、乳糖率和无脂固形物率低0.06～0.08%单位(P>0.1),乳脂中脂肪酸比例无明显变化。以上结果显示:用加热大豆粕替代高产奶牛泌乳前期日粮中生豆粕可增加产奶量。但是,增加产奶量的同时要改善乳蛋白质为主的乳成分含量,需要平衡地改善能量、蛋白质甚至葡萄糖营养的供给状况。     

日粮营养和半胱胺制剂对山羊手术前后淋巴细胞转化的影响

研究了日粮营养和口服半胱胺制剂对山羊手术前后淋巴细胞转化能力的影响。结果显示 ,正常生理状况下 ,增加日粮营养可显著提高山羊淋巴细胞转化能力 (P <0 0 5)。半胱胺制剂可改善手术创伤导致的免疫抑制 ,显著阻止严重手术创伤后淋巴细胞的刺激指数的下降 (P <0 0 5)。     

Biological characterics of human fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To investigate the biological characterics of human second-trimester fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and its application prospects in utero gene transfer/therapy (IUGT). METHODS: Nuclear cells separated from cord blood were cultured in DMEM medium. Surface antigens of the MSC were analyzed by the FACScan flow cytometry. Adipogenic and osteogenic mediums were used to assess the differentiation ability of the cells. Adenovirus vector deliver green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP) was used to transfected the MSC and the expressing of GFP was detected by fluorescent microscope. The MSC were injected into the liver of newborn rat. The immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to determine the presence of double-positive CD105⁺/CD166⁺ cells in different organs of rats. MSC were subcutaneous injected into the human-nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice and carcinogenesises of the MSC in vivo were detected by pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: MSC could be separated from fetal cord blood. These cells were uniformly positive for CD29, CD44, CD59, CD105, CD166 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR. The cells had the abilities to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic cells in vitro, expressed the GFP at high levels (56.32%±3.28%). The MSC were located at different organs after injected into the newborn rats and didn't have carcinogenicity in vivo. CONCLUSION: Human second-trimester fetal cord blood MSC is an promising target cells in fetal IUGT.     

Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in birds

In this study, 30 pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) and 30 quails (Coturnix coturnix) were used to evaluate the diagnostic practicability and relevance of an ultrasound-conducted liver biopsy. Their body weight ranged between 144 and 603g. Considering anatomical peculiarities, the lateral (pigeons) or ventro-median (quails) access was chosen. In the case of the pigeons, 29 (96.7%) biopsies proved clearly to be liver tissue, while in the case of the smaller quails, 19 (63.3%) samples could be clearly identified as liver tissue. All animals but one quail survived the intervention. The blood chemical parameters varied before and after the biopsy within the physiological range. These results show that ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in avian patients is generally possible and with strict indication and conscientious application can be considered as a relatively risk free and diagnostically sensible addition to liver diagnostic in birds. An aimed collection of focal hepatic alterations is conceivable depending on the size of the patient.     

桑叶提取物对小鼠血糖的影响及有效成分测定

探讨了桑叶提取物(mu lberry leaves extract,MLE)对小鼠血糖的影响,并测定了MLE中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)、黄酮、多酚和多糖等4种成分的含量。结果表明,MLE有抑制糖尿病模型小鼠血糖升高的作用。不同桑品种的MLE降血糖效果和有效成分含量存在很大差异,在供试的5个桑品种中,以陕桑305最佳;桑叶的叶位以上位嫩叶优于中下部叶。MLE的降血糖效果与DNJ的含量有密切关系。     

外源生长激素在延边黄牛上的试验研究(Ⅲ)——对血液生理生化指标的影响

为阐明外源生长激素对延边黄牛血液生理生化指标的影响。试验 1选用 2 0头体重、月龄相近的延边黄牛育成牛 (阉牛 ) ,按体重随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组每 1 4d注射 1次 0 .4 2mg/kgBW的生长激素 ,对照组不注射 ,持续 1 6 8d ,进行了外源生长激素对延边黄牛育成牛血液生理生化指标影响的研究。结果表明 ,试验组的血清葡萄糖 (P <0 .0 5 )和血清钙 (P <0 .0 5 )含量均高于对照组 ,尿素氮 (P <0 .0 1 )含量低于对照组。血清总蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、总脂、磷含量试验组分别高于对照组 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,血清谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)含量两组基本相似。试验 2通过对 1 2头泌乳母牛及其哺育的犊牛研究表明 :泌乳母牛和犊牛的血清总蛋白、清蛋白、钙、葡萄糖、总脂、无机磷含量试验组均高于对照组 ,其中清蛋白含量差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,母牛的血液指标中 ,血清总蛋白含量试验组高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,血清非蛋白氮含量试验组与对照组之间没有差异。犊牛的血液指标中 ,血清总脂、非蛋白氮、谷草转氨酶含量试验组均低于对照组 ,但差异不显著     

雏鸡淋巴细胞变化规律的流式细胞仪检测研究

为进一步研究鸡在出孵1个月左右时间内T、B淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育状况，将SPF雏鸡分别在3、5、7、9、11、14、17、22、27、32日龄时取血液、脾脏、法氏囊及胸腺，分离并制成淋巴细胞悬液，流式细胞仪双染色法检测Bu-la^＋B淋巴细胞、CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和TCRγδ^＋CD3^＋T淋巴细胞含量及血液淋巴细胞的凋亡规律。结果：在出孵1个月内T、B细胞处于分化发育阶段的初期，除胸腺外，呈上升趋势，但T细胞亚群的变化无规律，B细胞在法氏囊中和T细胞在脾脏中3～9日龄发育最快；血液淋巴细胞凋亡趋于下降，尤其是在9日龄以后：此间不断有成熟的淋巴细胞产生，不断进入血液和脾脏，使其数量有上升趋势。但是，血液中第7日龄时Bu—la^＋B淋巴细胞和CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数量均最低，说明体液免疫和细胞免疫水平第7日龄时都最低，并在17日龄时进入水平较高的又一个低谷。TCRγδ^＋CD3^＋T细胞则变化幅度不大。     

肉仔鸡幼龄热应激对其生长、血液生化指标及重复热应激的影响

1日龄雄性Cobb肉仔鸡442只随机地分为34组,每组13只。试验分为4个处理组,每个处理组内设6个试验组和3个对照组(试验Ⅰ除外,内设4个试验组)。4日龄时,四个试验组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)分别给予36.0、37.5、39.0和40.5℃的高温处理24h,以观察早期热应激处理对后期体重、血液生化指标及重复热应激下死亡率的影响。结果表明:4日龄36℃的高温处理可提高肉仔鸡42日龄体重、降低血清中三碘甲腺原酸(T3)浓度(P<0.05)及降低42日龄时第二次热应激(36.5～37.0℃,4h)肉仔鸡的存活率。37.5和40℃的高温热处理可提高第二次热应激肉仔鸡存活率(P<0.05),这一结果显著地高于36℃和39℃处理组(P<0.01)。第二次热应激后,存活鸡的体重在不同程度上低于死鸡体重(P<0.05),表明体重大的肉仔鸡易于在热应激中死亡。