The effect of supplementation of clove and agrimony or clove and lemon balm on growth performance, antioxidant status and selected indices of lipid profile of broiler chickens

The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (?SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low‐density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high‐density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of ?SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days.     

4种植物提取物对肉鸡氨气散发、生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

研究旨在观察比较樟科（CFPE）、丝兰（YE）、一串红（SS）和桂花（OFL）植物提取物对肉鸡氨散发量、生产性能、免疫机能以及血液生化指标的影响。将500只0日龄AA肉鸡随机分为5组：即肉桂、丝兰、一串红和桂花提取物200mg/kg添加试验组,及基础日粮对照组。每个试验组4个重复,每个重复25只。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组均显著降低氨气的散发（P〈0.05）,提高日增重,降低料肉比（P〈0.05）,显著改善肉鸡血液生化指标（P〈0.05）：增高血清总蛋白的含量,降低血清尿素氮、血清尿酸含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性;同时,桂花组显著提高血液中CD4^＋的含量和CD4^＋/CD8^＋,降低CD8^＋的含量（P〈0.05）。结果提示,日粮中添加肉桂、丝兰、一串红、桂花提取物均能显著改善肉鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫机能,且在降低鸡舍中的氨气浓度,改善饲养环境方面,一串红、桂花植物提取物完全可以达到甚至超过樟科、丝兰植物提取物的作用效果。     

酵母锌对肉鸡生长性能及生理功能的影响

选用1日龄白羽肉鸡100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组20只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ为酵母锌组,锌水平分别为50,35mg/kg,Ⅲ为硫酸锌组,锌水平为50mg/kg;Ⅳ为空白酵母组,酵母添加剂量为100mg/kg;V为基础日粮对照组。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,50d后,对生长性能、血常规、血液生化（Crea、Urea、AST、ALT、ALB）及抗氧化（抗O2-.、GSH-Px、GSH）指标进行检测。结果显示,平均日增重和料重比,21d时各组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,50d时与V组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组生长性能显著提高（P〈0.01）,其中I组最高。各组血液常规指标均处于正常范围内,但Ⅰ组红细胞数极显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）。血清中肌酐、尿素含量以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组白蛋白含量较其他组显著提高（P〈0.01）。血清抗O2-.活力、GSH含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px活力Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。结果提示,日粮添加适量酵母锌（Zn 50mg/kg）可以提高肉鸡生长性能,在一定程度上增强机体免疫机能,提高肝脏功能和机体抗氧化功能。     

Effect of Seed Maturity and Pretreatment on Dormancy and Germination of Sorbus mougeotii Seeds

The effect of harvest time on seed germination, desiccation tolerance and level of dormancy is not known in Sorbus mougeotii (Soyer-Will. & Godron). Dry weight (DW), moisture content (MC) and leakage conductivity (LC) were tested on seeds from six harvest times. Chilling requirement and germinability were tested on seeds without drying and after drying and rehydration. The effect of postharvest ripening of seeds with or without drying was also tested. The DW was stable during the last 6 weeks of maturation, whereas MC initially decreased but later increased simultaneously with an increase in LC. Seeds were desiccation tolerant, deeply dormant and after a chilling treatment germinated to a high percentage at all harvest times. The chilling requirement decreased significantly with later harvest, suggesting a decrease in level of dormancy. Drying and postharvest ripening reduced and synchronized the chilling requirement.     

中国湿地退化状况评价指标体系研究

选取不同类型退化湿地的典型退化指标,如湿地面积变化率、水源补给状况、地表水水质、濒危物种数和种群数量变化率、植被覆盖变化率等作为湿地退化状况的评价指标,将湿地的退化程度划分为4个等级:未退化、轻度退化、重度退化和极度退化,并对10处滨海国际重要湿地和22处内陆国际重要湿地的退化状况进行了评价。评价结果表明,2个湿地是严重退化,1个湿地是轻度退化,其余29个湿地是未退化。     

叶尔羌高原鳅外周血淋巴细胞的分离

以体质健康的叶尔羌高原鳅为研究对象,分离其外周血淋巴细胞。结果表明,采用浓度为1.085g/mL的淋巴细胞分离液在2000r/min离心35min的情况下,可将叶尔羌高原鳅外周血淋巴细胞有效地分离出来。该研究不仅为叶尔羌高原鳅淋巴细胞功能研究提供了依据,还可为叶尔羌高原鳅的疾病防治、人工养殖提供重要参考。     

富马酸亚铁对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及微量元素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究富马酸亚铁对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及微量元素含量的影响。选择初始体重为（８９．２±０．２）ｇ的虹鳟幼鱼 ３６０尾,随机分成 ６组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 ２０尾鱼,分别饲喂添加富马酸亚铁 ０、２０、４０、８０、１６０、４８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（以铁计）的试验饲料,各组分别为 Ｄ０、Ｄ２０、Ｄ４０、Ｄ８０、Ｄ１６０和 Ｄ４８０组,Ｄ０组为对照组。各组铁实测含量分别为 ６２．６、７９．５、９９．６、１３９．３、２１５．２、５３８．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,试验期６０ｄ。结果表明：１）饲料中不同铁水平对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。２）血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势;各组血细胞比容无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３）各组全鱼、脊椎骨和肌肉铁含量随着饲料中铁水平的升高而升高,肝脏铁含量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势;各组全鱼锌含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｄ０组脊椎骨和肌肉锌含量显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｄ０和 Ｄ２０组肝脏锌含量显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;全鱼铜含量随饲料铁含量的升高而升高,各组脊椎骨铜含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｄ０组肌肉铜含量显著低于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。４）Ｄ０组血清溶菌酶活性显著低于 Ｄ２０、Ｄ４０、Ｄ８０和 Ｄ１６０组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但与 Ｄ４８０组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;过氧化氢酶活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,Ｄ４０组最高。由此可见,本试验条件下,以富马酸亚铁作为铁源,通过折线模型分析发现,以血红蛋白含量和肝脏铁含量为评价指标的虹鳟幼鱼对饲料中铁需要量分别为 ９９．８和 １００．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

禽类红细胞免疫功能与疾病研究进展

红细胞(RBC)表面含有许多免疫相关物质,如Ⅰ型补体受体(CR-1)、Ⅲ型补体受体(CR-3)、淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-3(LFA-3)、人类补体膜辅助因子蛋白(MCP)、衰变加速因子(DAF)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等,这些免疫相关物质不仅使RBC具有识别、存储、递呈抗原、清除免疫复合物(IC)、促进吞噬细胞的吞噬功能等作用,而且自身还具备完整的自我调控系统,广泛参与机体内的各种免疫反应,是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分。RBC这种参与机体免疫调控的功能使RBC在许多疾病的发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用,近年来国内外学者对RBC免疫功能的研究逐渐成为热点。     

复合酶制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血浆生化指标和免疫性能的影响

为研究复合酶制剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血淋巴生化指标和免疫性能的影响,选用初始体重为(0.40±0.02)g的虾苗240尾,随机分为两组,对照组投喂基础饲料,试验组饲料中添加0.04％复合酶制剂,试验为期10周.结果 显示:与对照组相比,试验组凡纳滨对虾生长性能无显著变化(P...