抗玉米赤霉烯酮毒素单链抗体-碱性磷酸酶融合蛋白的表达

根据抗玉米赤霉烯酮毒素单链抗体的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,用重叠延伸PCR法合成了单链抗体的重链和轻链,经（Gly4Ser）2Linker连接,获得完整的单链抗体基因ZEN2 scFv。将ZEN2 scFv与碱性磷酸酶（AP）编码序列连接形成融合蛋白基因ZEN2 scFv-AP,构建到pET载体,转化大肠杆菌菌株BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导表达及亲和层析纯化,在SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析中均检测到1条分子质量为75 ku的可溶性蛋白条带,ELISA分析证实,细菌表达的ZEN2 scFv-AP融合蛋白具有碱性磷酸酶活性。这一研究结果为建立快速、灵敏、经济的玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的ELISA检测奠定了基础。     

赫章县烟草根茎病害发生情况调查初报

对赫章县烟草黑胫病、青枯病、根结线虫病的发生情况进行了调查,结果表明:3种病害在赫章县轻度发生,大多数烟草品种发病不严重,但零星的发病也应引起重视,加强监测和防治,以免病害扩展造成严重危害.     

防治棉花黄萎病生防菌的筛选及其防治效果评价

研究采用平皿对峙和促生实验相结合的筛选方法,从棉花根际土壤中分离到282株细菌,加上实验室筛选获得的对番茄有防病促生作用的21株细菌进行抑菌活性测定,共获得对棉花黄萎病菌有拮抗作用并能够有效促进棉花发芽和生长的菌株10株.通过盆栽和小区试验筛选,获得了5株对棉花黄萎病有良好防治效果的拮抗细菌,分别为S44、S258、S128、S37、S171,对棉花黄萎病的田间相对防效分别为38.53;、60.29;、39.58;、32.75;和37.02;,而化学农药福多甲的防治效果仅为28.34;.同时5株生防菌均能促进棉花生物量的增加.     

黄瓜细菌性白枯病CU-PV 07菌株鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析

由CU-PV 07菌株引起的黄瓜细菌性白枯病已成为黄瓜生产上的主要病害.弄清该致病菌株分类地位及基因序列,对做好病害诊断和防治有重要意义.通过症状观察与对致病菌的生理生化分析、16S rDNA序列分析,结果表明:该病害症状为叶片病斑圆形或近圆形,中间白色膜质,四周具晕圈,病部未见菌脓;CU-PV 07菌株菌体杆状,菌体大小为(1.1～5.2)μm×(O.7～2.1)μm;革兰氏染色反应阴性,鞭毛极生1-2根;分析生理生化指标和16S rDNA序列同源性可知.该病菌CU-PV 07菌株与Pseudomonasviridiflava一致,在构建的系统演化树上应为同一个族群.可见.黄瓜细菌性白枯病菌的病原为绿黄假单胞菌[Pseudomonas viridiflava(Burkholder 1930)Dowson 1939].     

Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Fungal Conversion of Co-Existing Bacterial Metabolites within a Synthetic Aspergillus-Streptomyces Community

In nature, secondary metabolites have been proven to be the essential communication media between co-occurring microorganisms and to influence their relationship with each other. In this study, we conducted a metabolomics survey of the secondary metabolites of an artificial co-culture related to a hydrothermal vent fungal–bacterial community comprising Aspergillus sclerotiorum and Streptomyces and their reciprocal relationship. The fungal strain was found to increase the secretion of notoamides and the compound cyclo(Pro-Trp) produced by the actinomycetes strain was discovered to be the responsible molecule. This led to the hypothesis that the fungi transformed cyclo(Pro-Trp) synthesized by the actinomycetes as the biosynthetic precursors of notoamides in the chemical communication. Further analysis showed Streptomyces sp. WU20 was efficient in transforming amino acids into cyclo(Pro-Trp) and adding tryptophan as well as proline into the chemical communication enhanced the induction of the notoamide accumulation. Thus, we propose that the microbial transformation during the synthetic metabolically-mediated chemical communication might be a promising means of speeding up the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. The objective of this research was to clarify the mechanism of microbial transformation for the chemical communication. Besides, this research also highlights the utility of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics as an effective tool in the direct biochemical analysis of community metabolites.     

乳酸菌胞外多糖提取条件的研究

影响乳酸菌胞外多糖提取效果的因素较多,采用Savage法去除蛋白,发酵上清液浓缩到原体积的1/3,加入3倍体积的无水乙醇进行醇沉,选择8000r/min作为醇沉溶液的离心速度,离心2次,透析12h以上,对保加利亚乳杆菌产胞外多糖进行提取,达到了较好的提取效果。     

Integrating marker assisted background analysis with foreground selection for identification of superior bacterial blight resistant recombinants in Basmati rice

Basmati rice is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Transfer of BB resistance genes from non‐Basmati sources to Basmati through cross‐hybridization requires strict monitoring for recovery of the desirable Basmati quality traits in the recombinants, which show complex inheritance pattern. We integrated background analysis using mapped microsatellite markers with foreground selection to identify superior lines that combine useful genes from a non‐Basmati BB resistance donor line IRBB55 with grain and cooking quality characteristics of the popular Basmati rice variety ‘Pusa Basmati 1’ (PB 1) employing backcross pedigree strategy. Foreground selection using linked markers ensured presence of two genes, xa13 and Xa21 for BB resistance from IRBB55, and the recurrent parent PB 1 allele for the waxy locus giving intermediate amylose content and maintainer allele at fertility restorer locus in the BC₁F₅ recombinants. Background analysis enabled selection of recombinants with recurrent parent genome to the extent of 86.3% along with the quality traits. The extent of introgression of non‐Basmati donor chromosome segments in the superior selections was estimated to be < 7.8 Mb and < 6.7 Mb in the xa13 and Xa21 linked genomic regions, respectively. Association mapping identified three quantitative trait loci, one each for 1000‐grain weight, fertile grains/panicle and cooked kernel length. The backcross‐pedigree breeding strategy facilitated recovery of additional desirable characteristics from the donor in some of the selections. The elite selection Pusa 1460‐01‐32‐6‐7‐67 with maximum genomic background and quality characteristics of the recurrent Basmati parent gave resistance reaction against BB, similar to that of the non‐Basmati resistant check variety and recorded an yield advantage of 11.9% over the best check in the multiplication agronomic trial in the Basmati growing region of India. This line, which has been released as a new variety in the name of ‘Improved Pusa Basmati 1’ for commercial cultivation in India, is an example of successful application of marker assisted selection to variety development.     

黄芩黄酮对小鼠生长性能和抗氧化能力及盲肠微生物的影响

选取3周龄昆明小鼠40只,随机分成4组,分别为对照组(CON)及黄芩黄酮低剂量组(HQHTL)、中剂量组(HQHTM)、高剂量组(HQHTH),对照组每天用0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,黄芩黄酮组每天分别用25、50、100 mg/kg的黄芩黄酮溶液灌胃,灌胃28 d后测定小鼠的生长性能、抗氧化能力和盲肠的微生物多样性及群落组成。结果表明：与CON相比,用黄芩黄酮灌胃显著(P<0.05)提高了小鼠的平均日增质量;小鼠的血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高,丙二醛水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)降低;HQHTM和HQHTH小鼠的盲肠微生物Sobs和Bootstrap指数显著(P<0.05)下降,Chao和Ace指数极显著(P<0.01)下降;HQHTM和HQHTH小鼠的盲肠放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)上升,疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)相对丰度极显著(P<0.01)上升,HQHTH小鼠的盲肠脱铁杆菌门(Deferribactero...     

In vitro and in silico studies of salicylic acid on systemic induced resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease and enhancement of crop yield

Salicylic acid (SA) is an effective elicitor to promote plant defenses and growth.  This study aimed to investigate rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 treated with salicylic acid (SA)-Ricemate as an enhanced plant protection mechanism against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo).  Results indicated that the use of SA-Ricemate as a foliar spray at concentrations of more than 100 mg L^–1 can reduce the severity of BLB  by 71%.  SA-Ricemate treatment also increased the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content of rice leaf tissues over untreated samples by 39–61%.  Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice leaves treated with SA-Ricemate also showed an increase of 50–65% when comparing to non-treated samples.  The differential development of these defense compounds was faster and distinct when the SA-Ricemate-treated rice was infected with Xoo, indicating plant-induced resistance.  Besides, SA-Ricemate elicitor at a concentration of 50–250 mg L^–1 was correlated with a substantial increase in the accumulation of total chlorophyll content at 2.53–2.73 mg g^–1 of fresh weight which suggests that plant growth is activated by SA-Ricemate.  The catalase- and aldehyde dehydrogenase-binding sites were searched for using the CASTp server, and the findings were compared to the template.  Chemsketch was used to design and optimize SA, which was then docked to the catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-binding domains of the enzymes using the GOLD 3.0.1 Software.  SA is shown in several docked conformations with the enzymes catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.  All three catalase amino acids (GLN7, VAL27, and GLU38) were discovered to be involved in the creation of a strong hydrogen bond with SA when SA was present.  In this mechanism, the aldehyde dehydrogenase amino acids LYS5, HIS6, and ASP2 were all implicated, and these amino acids created strong hydrogen bonds with SA.  In field conditions, SA-Ricemate significantly reduced disease severity by 78% and the total grain yield was significantly increased which was an increase of plant height, tiller per hill, and panicle in three field trials during Aug–Nov 2017 and 2018.  Therefore, SA-Ricemate can be used as an alternative elicitor on replacing harmful pesticides to control BLB disease with a high potential of increasing rice defenses, growth, and yield components.     

Ensiling vine tea (Ampelopsisgrossedentata) residue with Lactobacillusplantaruminoculant as an animal unconventional fodder

The study aimed to evaluate the application of silage fermentation in storing vine tea residue.  Dynamic of fermentation-related product, chemical component and bacterial community of silage with or without Lactobacillus plantarum F1 inoculant were analyzed.  The results showed that F1 treatment had a significant (P<0.05) impact on the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations and pH value.  Total phenols were well preserved in both treatments.  After 30 days of ensiling, L. plantarum occupied the majority of Lactobacillus genus (more than 95%) in all silage samples.  Spearman revealed a positive (P<0.01) correlation between lactic acid content and Lactobacillus.  Overall, ensiling vine tea residue with L. plantarum can effectively preserve the nutritional attributes and total phenols, which offers a new insight into utilizing vine tea residue.