不同套作模式对陕南幼龄桑园桑树生长及增效分析

农业生物多样性利用具有增加经济、生态、社会效益的功能,套作是最重要的农业生物多样性利用形式。为研究不同套种模式对桑树生长和综合效益的影响,在幼龄桑园分别套种大豆、绿豆、马铃薯、红薯、花生、芝麻6种农作物,比较6种套作模式下桑树的生长情况、桑叶产量及综合经济效益,并分析生长指标之间的相关性。结果表明：6种套作模式中,桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯、桑树/花生的平均枝条数及平均总枝条数显著高于其他模式,从平均枝条长来看则正好相反,而单位面积总枝条数差异不显著;从桑叶叶量来看,桑树/花生套作模式下最高,达16 391.90 kg/hm²,桑树/红薯次之,桑树/绿豆最低;根据相关性分析结果来看,套作幼龄桑园单位面积平均总条数(x)与平均总条长(y)有极显著相关性,拟合多项式方程为：y=0.247x²–2.506x+314.16(x>0);综合来看,桑树/花生套种模式较有利于幼龄桑树的生长,综合经济效益高于其他模式,其次为桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯模式。该研究为幼龄桑树套种模式的推广,桑园综合经济效益的提高提供了一定的理论依据。     

一株安徽株雏鸭肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从安徽省芜湖某养殖户送检的疑似鸭病毒性肝炎(DHV)的发病雏鸭肝等组织中分离到一株病毒,单称WHD。通过鸭胚接种分离到病毒。经动物试验显示,该病毒分离株的致死率达到70%。经过观察临床表现、剖检变化、血清被动保护试验,初步确诊所采集的病料均为鸭肝炎病毒。经和鸭胚中和试验证明,该病毒的血清型为Ⅰ型。     

Effects of Low Temperature Stress and INA Bacteria on Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Induction Kinetics in Young Fruit of Two Apricot Cultivars

Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence inyoung fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity(Fv/Fo) ,conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS Ⅱ and photochemical quenching (qP) inyoung fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasingthe quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria in-tensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃.INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS Ⅱ activi-ty center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.     

油松大田移植容器苗培育技术

介绍了油松移植容器苗的芽苗、幼苗和成苗的培育技术,为提高油松在干旱半干旱区造林成活率提供育苗技术依据。     

通过幼穗培养建立小麦缺体无性系

以阿勃小麦缺体植株未抽出的幼穗为外植体,通过离体培养获得了幼穗愈伤组织和再生植株,从而建立了这些缺体的体细胞无性系。不同缺体间在幼穗愈伤组织诱导率及分化率上表明明显差异,阿勃２Ｄ缺体的幼穗愈伤组织诱导率和分化率最高,缺体小麦幼穗愈伤组织诱导率和分化率与缺失的染色体有关。     

雏番鸭鸭疫里默氏杆菌与大肠杆菌混合感染诊疗

吉林市船营区某鸭场雏番鸭发病死亡,经流行病学调查、临床症状、病理剖检、实验室诊断,最终确认为大肠杆菌与鸭疫里默氏杆菌混合感染。经过综合治疗,疫情得到控制。     

海带孢子体DNA随机扩增反应条件优化

从海带孢子体的酶解单细胞中提取的基因DNA,可用于随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）的重复性研究。通过对扩增反应体系中各因子和扩增程序的梯度实验,确定优化反应体系为：0.2μmol/L引物,1.5mmol/LMg^2 ,100μmol/L dNTP,1.0U Taq DNA聚合酶,30ng模板DNA,优化反应程序为：94℃变性2min,接着45个循环包括94℃变性1min,37℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,最后72℃延伸10min。在此优化条件下得到的RAPD图谱的较好的特异性和重复性,为海带遗传多样性,种质鉴定,分子标记及辅助育种等研究提供了有用的手段。     

中华绒鳌蟹幼蟹生长数学模型的初探

中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｉｒ　ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）俗称河蟹，是我国重要的淡水经济蟹．近年来养殖的河蟹，幼蟹性腺早熟现象十分普遍．为了探讨幼蟹性腺早熟的生理机制及其与自然河蟹生长的差异，我们对自然生长河蟹、非早熟精养河蟹和早熟精养河蟹的体重、体长进行了定期的测量，从而得出它们各自的生长数学模型，进一步证明河蟹体重的增长符合Ｗ＝ａＲｂ的幂回归方程，Ｗ代表体重，Ｒ代表累积天数，以日期来表示．幼蟹暂养期：自然河蟹生长公式为ＷＳ７－自＝４．２６４ ９４９×１０－３Ｒ０．７５３２６，而早熟精养河蟹的生长公式为Ｗ８８＝１．４８２７７６１６×１０－４Ｒ２．０７５１５３．在蟹种期（幼蟹期），自然河蟹生长公式为Ｗ自＝３．０８０ ６２８×１０－８Ｒ４．３９０ ５３，非早熟精养河蟹生长公式为Ｗ８７＝５．３２５ ９７×１０－８Ｒ４．２５９２３９，早熟精养河蟹生长公式为Ｗ８８＝５．４６４４３６×１０－５Ｒ２．７１７５８。无论从ａ值和ｂ值来看，早熟精养河蟹与自然河蟹差异较大；而非早熟河蟹与自然河蟹差异则较小。从而我们可以认为从 ５月 ２４日（大眼幼体的第 ７天）至 ７月 １８日的 ５４ ｄ内，幼蟹增重过快、蜕皮过频是造成性腺早熟的重要原因．     

Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N₁ (0.2 g N/kg), N₂ (0.4 g N/kg), P₁ (0.2 g P₂O₅/kg) and P₂ (0.4 g P₂O₅/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (K_r), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased K_r, and K_r was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between K_r and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and K_r significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants.     

Wind dispersal of oribatid mites as a mode of migration

Oribatid mites are important colonizers of young soils, but little is known about their immigration pathways. In this study, one often-stated hypothesis was tested quantitatively: that wind is an important dispersal pathway. The aim was (1) to detect wind dispersal in oribatid mites (using sticky traps at different heights above ground level) and to determine factors influencing wind dispersal, (2) to investigate whether oribatids can survive wind dispersal and immigrate by wind into young soils (using mini-pitfall traps in test plots with oribatid-free substrate, active immigration being prohibited) and (3) to find out whether those oribatids are able to colonize young soils (using soil cores from the test plots). The results demonstrate (1) that mainly arboreal oribatid species were dispersed by wind - even at 160 m height - and can therefore be spread over large distances. Nevertheless, about 10% of the wind-dispersed oribatid mites belonged to species able to live in the soil and may therefore be potential colonizers of young soils. The number of specimen and species transported by wind was the highest close to the soil surface and the number of dispersed individuals was mainly influenced by seasonality and humidity. The results also suggest that the probability of a soil oribatid being dispersed by wind depends on its original microhabitat (tree habitats > soil surface > deeper soil layers) and its body weight. It was also shown that soil-dwelling oribatid mites survived wind dispersal and immigrated by wind into the test plots and that colonization of the test plots took at least 2 months longer than immigration. However, colonization success was low during the first 2 years of investigation and only Trichoribates incisellus was found several times in the nutrient-poor substrate. Therefore, wind dispersal is an important migration pathway, especially for arboreal oribatids. We suggest that immigration into young soils most likely occurs by repeated short-distance dispersal. Only some species are able to survive the hostile conditions of wind dispersal as well as of pioneer soils, but those that do are potentially the founders of new populations.