海带孢子体光合活性对不同温度和光照的响应

为了从生理生态学角度解答温度和光照对海带孢子体生长过程的影响,探索海带孢子体对温度和光环境的生理响应机制,实验在测定养殖海域海带孢子体生长参数的基础上,设定了6、10、14和18°C 4个水温梯度的海带孢子体暂养实验,以及它们在0、25、70、133、230、317、421、582、786μmol photons/(m2·s) 9个光合有效辐射(PAR)梯度下的光合活性荧光参数测定。结果显示:①在6°C水温条件下,海带孢子体荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最大,分别为0.71和2.40;在18°C水温条件下,其Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最小,分别为0.65和1.85;②暂养海带孢子体的光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(qN或NPQ)在18°C水温条件下达到最大,分别为0.92和3.29;③海带孢子体的快速光曲线随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增强呈现先上升后下降的趋势;④海域养殖海带孢子体的最大叶长增长速率、叶宽增长速率和干重增重率分别为1.34 cm/d、0.33 cm/d和1.01 g/d。研究表明,海带孢子体干重生长率变化与不同水温条件下的快速光曲线变化一致,高温抑制了海带孢子体光合效率;当环境光合有效辐射大于样品光饱和点(Em)后,海带孢子体相对电子传递速率下降,光合作用受到抑制。     

低温胁迫下小麦幼穗中差异表达蛋白质的鉴定

为探究低温胁迫下小麦幼穗中胁迫响应差异表达蛋白,采用IEF/SDS-PAGE双向凝胶电泳及质谱技术,以低温敏感品种SW601和低温不敏感品种陇麦157为材料,对常温生长、0℃低温胁迫12h和72h的幼穗全蛋白进行了分析。结果表明,在pH 4~7时,SW601和陇麦157各处理幼穗蛋白图谱中均可重复检测到800~900个有效蛋白质点;低温胁迫12h、72h后,SW601和陇麦157中上调表达的蛋白点分别有120个和101个,下调表达的蛋白点分别有92个和60个。对2种胁迫处理下均差异表达且Ratio2的54个蛋白点进行质谱分析,成功鉴定出43个差异蛋白。经数据库搜索匹配和蛋白质鉴定,这43个差异蛋白分别属于胁迫应激/防御相关蛋白、光合作用蛋白、蛋白代谢相关蛋白、碳水化合物代谢相关蛋白、信号传导相关蛋白、能量产生和运输相关蛋白和未知功能蛋白等7类蛋白。其中,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶和胚胎后期发育富集(LEA)同源蛋白14-A等蛋白的表达量在低温不敏感材料陇麦157中变化显著,而在低温敏感材料SW601中没有表达,这可能与小麦幼穗在低温逆境下的代谢调控和低温敏感特性有一定关系。     

Evaluating Domestic Sheep Survival with Different Breeds of Livestock Guardian Dogs

Livestock guard dogs (LGDs; Canis familiaris) have been widely adopted by domestic sheep (Ovis aries) producers because they reduce predation by wild carnivores. LGDs were originally used in the United States to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) depredations, but their efficacy against a suite of large carnivores, including wolves (Canis lupus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), black bears (Ursus americanus), and cougars (Puma concolor), and whether specific breeds perform better than others remains unclear. To assess breed-specific effectiveness at reducing depredations from a suite of livestock predators, we compared survival rates of sheep protected by different breeds of LGDs, including three breeds from Europe (Turkish kangal, Bulgarian karakachan, and Portuguese cão de gado transmontano) and mixed-breed LGDs, “whitedog,” common in the United States. With the help of participating sheep producers, we collected cause-specific mortality data from domestic sheep in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Wyoming between 2013 and 2016. All three of the novel breeds of LGD tested were associated with overall reductions in sheep depredation relative to whitedogs, ranging from 61% to 95% (P < 0.05). In terms of predator-specific effectiveness, the Turkish kangal was associated with decreases in depredation from cougars (e^β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.10–0.94, P = 0.04), black bears (e^β = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.28–0.37, P < 0.01), and coyotes (e^β = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35–0.90, P = 0.02). The Bulgarian karakachan was associated with a decrease in coyote depredations (e^β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.49, P < 0.01). The Portuguese transmontano was not associated with significant reductions in depredation hazard for any specific predator. Although variations in breed-specific effectiveness were subtle and nuanced, these findings will help livestock producers and wildlife managers make tailored decisions about how best to incorporate different breeds of LGD into sheep grazing regimes.     

几种抗球虫药物对獭兔球虫感染和幼兔生长性能的影响

在福建省福安市某獭兔场共检测出16种艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染。选取210只断乳1周、球虫卵囊阳性的獭兔幼兔,随机分为7组,进行抗球虫药物试验。在抗球虫药物试验组中,2.5%妥曲珠利组的獭兔幼兔按有效剂量30 mg/kg体重、5%肠球双效(盐酸氨丙啉+胺喹噁啉钠)组和5%优球乐(癸氧喹酯)组按有效剂量50 mg/kg体重灌服,分为1次用药组和2次用药组;对照组灌服等量生理盐水。结果显示,妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔用药后第1周,粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG值)比用药前减少78.39%,也显著低于其他药物组和对照组(P<0.01);用药后第2周,球虫OPG值比用药前减少88.35%,感染率也降至最低;用药后第8周,粪便中球虫OPG值比用药前减少92.99%。至用药后第8周,各试验组与对照组獭兔幼兔球虫OPG值均转归为相对较低水平,感染率则仍保持较高水平;妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他组间死亡率差异不显著;其平均增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)、极显著低于5%肠球双效1次用药组(P<0.01)。     

目的论翻译原则下电影《狄仁杰之神都龙王》的字幕翻译探究

狄仁杰在武则天统治时期判决积案、疑案,纠正冤案、错案、假案,是我国历史上以廉洁勤政著称的清官.本文以2013年徐克导演的古装动作片《狄仁杰之神都龙王》为案例,探讨目的论翻译三原则下该影片中的字幕翻译.     

小蚕期打孔薄膜覆盖育对蚕室湿度要求的商讨

打孔薄膜覆盖育的桑叶保湿效果成于防干纸育，对蚕室湿度无需提高要求或者不需补温，只需在眠期适当补湿即可。     

钙调素拮抗剂TFP对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果AsA-GSH循环的影响

以3年生"早钟6号"枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)容器苗为试材,采用100.0 mmol/L钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(Trifluoperazine,TFP)的Hoagland营养液砂培法预处理24 h后,于-3℃人工气候室进行低温胁迫,研究钙调素拮抗剂TFP对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果AsA-GSH循环的影响。结果表明:TFP处理导致低温胁迫下枇杷幼果H2O2含量高于单一低温胁迫的LTS处理(Low Temperature Stress,LTS),而AsA和GSH含量低于LTS处理,且两者差异达显著水平(p<0.05);同时GR、DHAR、MDAR、APX活性也受到不同程度的抑制,其中对APX和GR活性的抑制作用较为明显。TFP预处理削弱了枇杷幼果低温胁迫后的抗氧化能力,加重了低温胁迫对幼果的伤害,表明低温胁迫下枇杷幼果的AsA-GSH循环受Ca2+.CaM信使系统的诱导和调控。     

初探小组工作在帮助打工青少年群体中的运用

在我国的农民工大潮中,有很多年龄在16岁以上20岁以下的打工者,本文称之为打工青少年群体,这个群体面临着青春期普遍的成长危机,同时与在校青少年相比,他们失去的不仅是受教育的机会,而且还生活于一个复杂的社会环境中,让他们面临更多的生活困境与心理压力。目前社会研究和社会工作界对打工青少年群体缺少关注。笔者做了相关的调查和访谈,目的在于阐明打工青少年所面对的困难,并对利用小组工作方法帮助这一群体做初步探讨。帮助内容主要在减少孤独感、加强身份认同、增强自助能力、纠正与预防越轨行为、人生规划等方面。     

Young rice protein as a new source of low allergenic plant-base protein

New plant-based milk protein substitutes that do not exhibit immune-mediated adverse effects are in high demand. In-vitro digestibility (oral, gastric and duodenal) of rice was investigated at flowery, milky, dough and mature stages using SDS-PAGE and band densitometry. Possible allergenic proteins found were 13–14, 22–23, 37–39, and 52 kDa. Protein content in young rice at flowery-to-milky stage (9.19–11.48%) was higher than rice bran (8.90%). Possible allergens of young rice rapidly decreased and completely disappeared after digestion. Digestibility of dough-to-mature stage was much slower especially for colored rice. Proteins at 13–14, 52 kDa and 13–14, 37–39 kDa were indigestible in the mature stage of PT1 and RB respectively. High protein content and low allergic potential of young rice supported its possible use as a new plant-based protein alternative.     

海南省少数民族青少年优秀田径运动员身体形态、身体成分、身体机能和专项素质的研究

通过对海南省少数民族青少年优秀田径运动员身体形态、身体成分、身体机能和专项素质的研究， 找出了海南省少数民族青少年田径运动员的体质特征规律。分析了存在的问题。提出了海南省少数民族青 少年田径运动员的体质特征和国内外优秀运动员的体质特征的差距，为今后海南省少数民族青少年优秀田 径运动员的训练和选材，提供理论参考。