华东监测区营造林与人工林质量状况评价

选取了华东监测区近三年营造林综合核查和全国第六次森林资源连续清查的相关数据。对华东监测区八省（市）营造林质量主要指标进行了分析。运用SPSS软件对华东监测区营造林质量与人工林质量的有关指标进行了聚类分析。按照聚类分析结果对华东监测区八省（市）营造林质量、人工造林与人工林质量分成三种类型。     

PEG对10℃低温吸胀下实葶葱种子萌发的影响

基于种子萌发试验,测定了10℃低温对实葶葱种子发芽的影响及浓度为0%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%的PEG处理对实葶葱种子低温吸胀1、2、3、5、7 d的缓解作用.结果表明:10℃低温吸胀持续时间超过临界时间(1 d)时就会抑制实葶葱种子的萌发.10℃低温吸胀通过PEG的渗透调节,可显著改善实葶葱种子的萌发,其中以处理浓度15%时效果最好,并随着低温吸胀时间的延长PEG的作用越明显.各浓度PEG处理10℃低温吸胀的实葶葱种子1d时种子萌发效果最佳.     

降水、灌溉和品种对玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

8年田间试验结果表明,玉米产量明显受降水和灌溉的影响。玉米苗期灌溉最为关键,是保证高产的基础。在只灌溉苗水而没有其他灌溉条件下,夏玉米产量与7、8月份降水密切相关,而与生长季节的降水总量关系不明显。除了极干旱年份(季节降雨量小于200 mm)外,随着灌溉量增加,玉米水分利用效率(WUE)降低。玉米最优灌溉制度为:干旱年份,除了苗期的1次灌溉外,在拔节和扬花期分别实施2次灌溉;常年和湿润年份,除了出苗水外,在抽穗到扬花期的8月初实施1次灌溉。3年的田间试验结果表明,当地种植的不同玉米品种之间产量最大相差20%,水分利用效率差异在12%~19%。因此,将适宜的品种与优化的灌溉制度相结合,是提高华北平原夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的有效途径。     

利用DAD1反义片段转化创建菜薹可调控雄性不育材料

 菜薹因为没有好的雄性不育材料或自交不亲和系，至今尚无一代杂种用于生产，根据拟南芥及白菜型油菜的花药不开裂基因DAD1的保守序列设计引物，扩增菜薹的DAD1基因片段（DAD1F），构建反义DAD1F植物表达载体，用农杆菌介导法转化菜薹，对转基因植株进行分子检测，鉴定其雄性不育性并进行育性恢复试验.克隆得到的菜薹的DAD1基因片段大小为678 bp，命名为BrcpDAD1F，其序列与拟南芥和白菜型油菜的DAD1高度同源，同源率分别为88％和99％；共得到了12株转基因植株，有6株在转录水平上得到表达，表现为雄性不育，花器官畸形，花粉活力低，萌发率不到10％，且开花后不能结角果或结空角果，或者得到极少种子但种子不萌发；用对照的花粉给转基因植株授粉可使其正常结实.以500 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯处理可使其雄性不育得到恢复，花粉可以在柱头和培养基上萌发，具有受精能力。T₁代可育株与不育株的比例都呈1:3分离, T₂代不同株系的育性分离比例不同，有些株系继续呈1:3的分离，有些株系全是可育株或全是不育株，说明反义抑制呈单基因稳定遗传。     

硅营养对UV-B辐射条件下水稻酚类代谢的影响

本研究在不同硅营养条件下，探讨了UV-B辐射增强对两个供试水稻品种(Lemont和Dular)硅营养特性和酚代谢物质的影响。结果表明：(1)在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射胁迫下，Lemont的硅营养吸收能力和生理利用率都比Dular强。（2）不同硅营养条件下，UV-B辐射胁迫促使Lemont叶片的PAL、PPO、 POD、CAT活性增强，总酚、类黄酮和绿原酸含量升高，而可溶性蛋白质含量降低；上述指标在Dular叶片中也表现出相同的变化趋势。但在缺硅营养和UV-B辐射共同胁迫下，Lemont表现出较强的酚类合成能力。（3）硅营养有利于水稻酚类代谢物质的积累，以减少UV-B辐射的伤害。综上所述，Lemont与Dular之间硅营养特性的不同，可能是引起两个供试水稻的酚类代谢差异，从而表现出对UV-B辐射抗性不同的原因之一。     

牛乳中乳铁蛋白随着季节变化规律的研究

为了解牛乳中乳铁蛋白(LF)随着季节、饲养环境而变化的规律,利用毛细管电泳法,分别对从牧场、小区、奶户采集的牛乳样中的LF进行检测,取样周期为1年。结果得出,牧场牛乳中的LF含量高于小区牛乳的,奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低。1月份牧场牛乳的LF含量最高,为0.16mg/mL,而奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低,为0.08mg/mL;9月份牧场、小区和奶户牛乳中的LF含量最低,分别为0.03,0.05和0.06mg/mL。结果表明,随着管理水平的提高和气候的变冷,牛乳中LF含量逐渐升高。     

Relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation of pear-jujube tree

To investigate the relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of different organs and water use efficiency (WUE) under different water deficit levels, severe, moderate and low water deficit levels were treated at bud burst to leafing, flowering to fruit set, fruit growth and fruit maturation stages of field grown pear-jujube tree, and leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_L) at different growth stages and fruit stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_F) at fruit maturation stage were measured. The results indicated that water deficit had significant effect on Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage. As compared with full irrigation, the average Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage were decreased by 1.23% and 2.67% for different water deficit levels, respectively. Δ_L and Δ_F among different water deficit treatments had significant difference at the same growth stage (P < 0.05). Under different water deficit conditions, significant relationships between the Δ_L and WUE_i (photosynthesis rate/transpiration rate, P_n/T_r), WUE_n (photosynthesis rate/stomatal conductance of CO_2, P_n/g_s), WUE_y (yield/crop water consumption, Y/ET_c) and yield, or between the Δ_F and WUE_y and yield were found, respectively. There were significantly negative correlations of Δ_L with WUE_i, WUE_n, WUE_y and yield (P < 0.01) at the fruit maturation stage, or Δ_L with WUE_i and WUE_n (P < 0.01) over whole growth stage, respectively. Δ_F was negatively correlated with WUE_y, WUE_n and yield (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with ET_c (P < 0.01) over the whole growth stage. Thus Δ_L or Δ_F can compare WUE_n and WUE_y, so the stable carbon isotope discrimination method can be applied to evaluate the water use efficiency of pear-jujube tree under the regulated deficit irrigation.     

甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子的体外表达和相互作用的检测

 S位点受体激酶(SRK)和S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)分别为甘蓝自交不亲和(self-incompatibility, SI)信号传导的雌雄决定因子。为了深入研究两者的作用机理和进行人工调控，本研究以结球甘蓝ZQ为材料，利用pET·NusA融合蛋白表达系统，将包含SRK胞外域和跨膜域的mSRK蛋白和SCR蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达，经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表达出融合蛋白大小分别约为116 kD和74 kD。进一步将两融合蛋白进行体外相互作用的检测，结果表明mSRK与SCR蛋白能够相互结合形成稳定的复合体，这为下一步实现SRK-SCR复合体聚合与解离的人为调控提供了技术平台。     

环境温度与柴油机功率关系的试验研究

选择一台柴油机,在一年四季进行若干次试验,记录环境温度和发动机的功率及其他参数,用数学方法进行处理,分析环境温度与柴油机功率变化之间的数学关系,为柴油机的使用和维护提供参考。     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.