Diets of top predators indicate pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundance in the California Current System

Diets of top predators may be useful indicators to the availability of forage fish in marine ecosystems. Juvenile rockfish (young‐of‐the‐year Sebastes spp.) compose a significant part of the diet for many predators in the central California Current, including chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and several species of marine birds and mammals. Herein, we develop annual indices of juvenile rockfish relative abundance by collating time series data sets on: (i) the proportion of rockfish in the diet of three species of seabirds breeding on Southeast Farallon Island (1975–2002); (ii) the number of rockfish in chinook salmon stomachs (1980–99); and (iii) the abundance of rockfish captured in scientific mid‐water trawl net surveys (1983–2002). We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to combine indices, and refer to these as ‘Multivariate Rockfish Indices’ (MRI). Combining time series verifies the patterns shown by each alone and provides a synoptic perspective on juvenile rockfish relative abundance. The diets of predators with the largest foraging ranges (Common Murre, Uria aalge) and chinook salmon co‐varied strongly with the net samples, and appear to be the best indicators. The salmon also sampled species of Sebastes not caught in the nets. The MRI reveals interannual variability in juvenile rockfish abundance, a substantial decline in abundance in the 1990s, and a partial recovery in the early 2000s. Predator‐based sampling is a cost‐effective enhancement of scientific net sampling.     

海水网箱养殖许氏平鲉细菌性疾病病原鉴定及致病性研究

2019年8月,大连市金州区大李家街道海域海水网箱养殖许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)暴发严重的皮肤溃疡性疾病。以其为研究对象,从体表病灶、肝脏和肾脏上进行细菌分离,得到1株优势菌株BN-1910。为了验证网箱养殖许氏平鲉死亡是否由该菌株引起,采取腹腔注射的方式进行该菌株回感,以确定该菌株的致病力。在对菌株进行生理生化检验和形态学观察后,可以初步判断菌株为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的分子系统发生树表明,哈维氏弧菌(MT864681.1)和该菌株在系统发育树中聚为一支,99%置信水平。研究结果显示,菌株BN-1910为哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi),对许氏平鲉10 d的LD50为7.98×10^3 CFU/mL;对14种药物的敏感试验证实,菌株BN-1910对氟哌酸、链霉素和左氧氟沙星敏感。     

池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌及其杂种F1的同工酶鉴别

通过对外来种池蝶蚌(C)、三角帆蚌(S)及其正反杂种F1的肝脏同工酶进行垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了肝脏的SOD和EST同工酶谱带。结果表明,这两种蚌及其正反杂种F1同工酶的表达既呈现出一些相似的特征,又有明显差异。这四种蚌中分别有2~5个SOD位点,其中SOD-1为一强带且仅见于F1SC中,SOD-2在F1SC中为强带,但在F1CS中较弱,而其双亲中则无该带;SOD-3为一强带均保守的见于四种蚌中,SOD-4为一强带但仅在杂种F1SC中无表达,SOD-5为一强带但仅在池蝶蚌中未检到;在两亲本与其杂种F1中分别检测到4~6个EST同工酶位点,其中EST-4仅见于杂种F1SC中,EST-5在杂种F1CS中无表达,其余均有不同强弱的表达。     

Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes in the coastal waters of western Hokkaido, Japan

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes collected from the coastal waters of western Hokkaido were studied. Observation of the otolith margin verified that annuli (outer margins of the opaque zone) were produced chiefly from July to August. This period was associated with parturition and the birth season. The maximum age estimated by the surface method was 12 years but the oldest fish was aged at 35 years by the cross-section method. The surface method was inadequate for aging of S. vulpes older than 6 years because of the underestimation of age. No significant difference was found in the parameters of the growth equations between both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth curve combined for both sexes was as follows: SL _t  = 358.6(1 − exp^{−0.156( t +0.820)}), where SL _t is standard length (mm) at age t (after parturition in years). It seems likely that S. vulpes grows slowly and lives longer than previously thought.     

Effect of dietary ascorbate fortification on lipolysis activity of juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli

ABSTRACT:   Hatchery-reared black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli juveniles averaging 0.05 g in body weight were fed either a control diet (commercial diet) or an experimental diet in which the commercial diet was fortified with 50 mg l -ascorbyl 2-monophosphate Mg (APM)/100 g diet for 50 days. Calcium ascorbate supplemented as a vitamin mixture in the control diet was completely destroyed during storage. Fortification with APM significantly increased the ascorbic acid levels in the muscle, liver, brain and eye. Although APM fortification did not influence growth, survival or fish body composition, adipocyte diameter in the intraperitoneal fat body (IPF) was significantly reduced. After the feeding experiment, the fish were kept for 39 days without feeding. Fortification with APM resulted in high survival, high muscle protein retention and low body weight loss. The results suggested the necessity of fortification with an adequate amount of ascorbate in the diet. While fatty acid compositions of the IPF, muscle and liver were not significantly influenced by APM fortification, characteristic changes in the fatty acid profile were found after starvation. Vitamin C and highly unsaturated fatty acids seemed crossly interactive in relation to lipolysis activity in black sea bream juveniles.     

Responses of cypermethrin-induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

An increasing number of synthetic pyrethroids are used as an environmental friendly substitute of organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides. Pesticide pollution in the coastal ecosystem of Korea is considered to be a cause of slow growth and prevalence of diseases in commercial fishes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast techniques to detect insecticide toxicities. In the present work the results of rapid and inexpensive laboratory experiments show the patho‐physiological alteration of blood parameters to sublethal concentration of pyrethroid insecticide (cypermethrin) in the commercially important Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Cypermethrin‐exposed fish showed erythropenia, low haematocrit and haemoglobin content and hyperglycemia, especially for long‐term exposure at high concentrations. Cypermethrin caused increased levels of serum glutamic‐acid‐oxylacetic‐acid‐transaminase, glutamic‐acid‐pyruvic‐acid‐transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, concomitant with a decreased concentration of chloride ion and blood serum osmolality, indicating the disruptive activity of cypermethrin after 8 weeks exposure. Moreover, reduced level of serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, lysozyme activity and significantly higher level of glucose, bilirubin and malondialdehyde were measured and attributed to an increased demand for energy by fish under stress to cope with detrimental conditions imposed by chronic exposure to the toxicant.     

许氏平鲉的网箱养殖试验

对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf)的网箱养殖试验从网箱的设计工艺到网箱养殖管理进行了详细的论述。对许氏平鱼自在网箱养殖条件下的摄食、生长特点、死亡规律、病害特征及病害防治方法，以及许氏平鲉在越冬过程中的耐低温能力作了较系统总结，为许氏平鲉的规模养殖生产提供了参考依据。     

Production of monoclonal antibodies against serum immunoglobulins of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Higendorf)

The present study was undertaken to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against immunoglobulin (Ig) purified from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Higendorf) serum using protein A, mannan binding protein, and goat IgG affinity columns. These three different ligands were found to possess high affinity for black rockfish serum Ig. All of the Igs purified eluted at only 0.46 M NaCl concentration in anion exchange column chromatography and consisted of two bands at 70 kDa and 25 kDa in SDS-PAGE; they also had similar antigenicity for MAbs to Ig heavy chain in immunoblot assays. Therefore, black rockfish Ig is believed to exist as a single isotype within serum. The MAbs produced against Ig heavy chain reacted specifically with spots distributed over the pI range from 4.8 to 5.6 with a molecular weight of 70 kDa on two dimensional gel electrophoresis immunoblot profiles.     

引起养殖许氏平鲉死亡的鳗利斯顿氏菌的分离鉴定及致病性

从患病许氏平鲉的病灶处分离得到一株优势菌,记为SS-1。通过两点背部肌肉注射进行人工感染实验,证明该菌对健康许氏平鲉的半数致死浓度为9.6×106CFU/mL,可感染许氏平鲉的多种内脏和组织。细菌形态学和生理生化特征测定结果显示,菌株SS-1为革兰氏阴性,短杆状,极生单鞭毛;氧化酶阳性、接触酶阳性、硝酸盐还原阳性、吲哚产生阳性、V-P试验阳性、精氨酸双水解酶阳性、H2S产生阴性等,与鳗利斯顿氏菌特征相符。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果表明,该菌与鳗利斯顿氏菌的同源性达到了99%,因此,将菌株SS-1鉴定为鳗利斯顿氏菌。