盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响

研究了大菱鲆(Scophamusmaximus)幼鱼由盐度34向低盐(盐度28、23、18、12、6)以及向高盐(盐度40)适应过程中代谢率的变化。结果表明:盐度改变后,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率都呈现出不同程度的逐渐升高趋势,随着盐度突变范围的增大,变化趋势更为明显。在突变后24h左右,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率出现高峰值,48h后恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的耗氧率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。在突变后9～15h排氨率出现高峰值,48h后各组大菱鲆幼鱼的排氨率恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的排氨率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。     

The effects of climate variability on zooplankton and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) relative abundance off southwest Britain

At small spatial scales basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) forage selectively on zooplankton along thermal fronts, but the factors influencing broader scale patterns in their abundance and distribution remain largely unknown. Using long‐term sightings data collected off southwest Britain between 1988 and 2001, we show that the number of basking sharks recorded was highly correlated with abiotic factors, principally sea surface temperature (SST) and the lagged effect of SST in the previous month, but only very weakly to zooplankton density. This suggests that the changes in number of basking sharks recorded over large spatio‐temporal scales are more closely related to the availability of climate‐driven thermal resources than prey availability, whereas the converse is supported by previous studies at local scales. Taken together, these results imply scale‐dependent behavioural responses in basking sharks, with small‐scale foraging movements linked by broad scale responses to temperature variation.     

一种吻蛭类大鱼蛭在大菱鲆鱼体上的感染

在山东省威海崮山育苗场发现大菱鲆成鱼及幼鱼鱼体感染寄生虫，受感染的鱼由于处于感染初期，并经过及时的处理，所占比例较低。病鱼症状为鱼体体色变黑、瘦弱、离群、不摄食甚至死亡。寄生虫寄生于大菱鲆的体表及鳃部，虫体黑褐色，全长40～50mm。经鉴定，该寄生虫属于环节动物门(Annelida)，蛭纲(Hirudinea)，吻蛭目(Rhynochobdellida Blanchard)，鱼蛭科(Piscicolidae Johnson)，鱼蛭属(Piscicola Blainville)，大鱼蛭(Pisciola magna Yang)。     

饲料Vc对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力的影响

X用维生素C（Vc）含量为0～2500mg／kg的配合饲料连续投喂大菱鲆70d后，测定大菱鲆血液白细胞的总数、吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性。结果表明，饲料中Vc含量增加到250mg／kg，白细胞总数明显增加，进一步提高Vc含量，白细胞总数没有显著变化；血清溶菌酶活性在Vc含量为250mg／kg时最高，其他各组无显著性差异；添加Vc的各试验组的总补体活性明显地高于对照组，但是添加Vc的各组之间的总补体活性没有显著性差别；Vc含量对白细胞的吞噬活性没有影响。     

Effects of acute temperature decreases on turbot fry and juveniles

Turbot fry (10–20 mm) and juveniles (85–110 mm) were transferred directly from 16.0–16.5 C to 1.0 C, 2.5 C, 5.5 C or 8.0 C seawater. The fry were more sensitive to cold water than juveniles. The fry survived for 1 week at 8.0 C but not at 5.5 C, whereas juveniles survived at 5.5 C but not at 2.5 C. Transfer of juveniles to 1.0 C and 2.5 C seawater caused a high mortality, a marked increase in plasma Cl^- concentration, decrease in muscle water content, and hyperglycaemia. Acclimation to 5.5 C (juveniles) or 8.0 C (fry and juveniles) markedly reduced the sensitivity to 1.0 C exposure.     

Assessment of marine thraustochytrid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizochytrium limacinum</Emphasis> OUC88 for mariculture by enriched feeds

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.     

大菱鲆AFLP分析体系的建立

本研究构建了大菱鲆扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析体系,对DNA提取、双酶切反应、连接反应、预扩增反应、选择性扩增反应和银染等步骤进行了分析。结果表明,用EcoRI/MseI双酶切、核心序列加3个选择性碱基的选择性扩增引物、1∶6(w∶w)的EcoRI端与MseI端选择性扩增引物比和20μl选择性扩增体积,可得到十分稳定的结果。所得产物经电泳和银染后可获得条带清晰、背景干扰小的图像。该体系的构建为AFLP技术在大菱鲆相关研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

Accuracy of pairwise methods in the reconstruction of family relationships, using molecular information from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Many estimators and algorithms have been developed to infer the genealogical relationships from molecular marker data when there is no pedigree information. Most pairwise methods provide estimates in a continuous range that needs to be converted into genealogical relationships (namely full-sibs, half-sibs and unrelated) if there is a previous knowledge of the population structure. Transformations are usually based on arbitrary thresholds, but the possibility of correcting the coancestry estimates via explicit pedigree reconstruction methods has been suggested. Using molecular data for ten highly polymorphic microsatellite loci on a population of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with a known genealogy, the behaviour of four pairwise marker-based coancestry estimators and the molecular coancestry has been evaluated. The population consisted on 138 families with 4 full-sib individuals each and one family with 8 full-sib individuals (up to 15 half-sib families were also present due to the sharing of parents between some of the full-sibs families). Our results suggested that transforming the pairwise estimators and the molecular coancestry to family relationships through the establishment of thresholds performs slightly better than the explicit pedigree reconstruction method, when accuracy is measured in a pairwise basis. However, if joint relationships between more than two individuals were tested at a time, the threshold methods led to a high percentage of incongruous triads of full-sib individuals, with Mendelian incompatibilities appearing in congruous full-sib families (more than 70% and 60% in our study, respectively). The explicit pedigree reconstruction approach, due to its nature, is free from such problems. Therefore, the pedigree reconstruction approach seems to be a valuable tool to provide a congruent and compatible pedigree when the pairwise marker-based coancestry matrices or the molecular coancestry need to be transformed.     

不同宰杀方式对大菱鲆保鲜的影响

通过研究不同宰杀方式对大菱鲆鱼肉鲜度指标的影响,以寻找一种较好的宰杀方式来提高大菱鲆保鲜效果。实验采用4种方式宰杀大菱鲆:脉冲电击,CO2麻醉,放血,打头;宰杀后置于0℃下保藏,测定各组样品的K值、乳酸含量、pH值随时间的变化。实验结果:在保藏过程中,打头致死组K值升高最缓慢,0h时乳酸含量最低为1.5362mg/g(电击组、CO2麻醉组、放血组的乳酸含量分别为1.7415mg/g、2.4646mg/g、1.9912mg/g),0h时pH值最高为7.14(电击组、CO2麻醉组、放血组的pH值分别为6.99、6.78、6.91)。打头致死最有利于保鲜,其次为电击。     

大菱鲆抗菌肽基因酵母表达载体的构建及表达

将大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maxinus）hepcidin基因成熟肽序列经过部分改造后采用PCR方法克隆到毕赤酵母胞内表达载体pGAPZB中,构建了重组胞内表达载体pGAPZB—tbhep6his。用BlnI线性化重组质粒后,电击转化毕赤酵母SMD1168。经过Zeocin筛选和PCR扩增转化子基因组筛选,得到了数株基因工程酵母菌。通过SDS—PAGE和Western blot鉴定,发现目的蛋白与预期蛋白的分子量相吻合,并能与特异抗体antihis特异性结合,表明大菱鲆抗菌肽hepcidin基因在酵母菌中进行了表达。大菱鲆抗菌肽酵母表达载体的构建和表达为进一步研究该抗菌肽的功能并开发新型鱼类饵料奠定了理论基础。