Hydroponic experiment for identification of tolerance traits developed by rice Nagina 22 mutants to low-phosphorus in field condition

Development of phosphate (P)-deficiency tolerant rice cultivars is constrained by lack of suitable, reproducible, and consistent seedling stage screening methods in breeding programs. This study reports the screening and characterization of M5 mutants derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate treated population of rice cv. Nagina 22 (N22) in low-P field (soil Olsen P 1.94–2.01 mg kg^?1; alkaline Vertisol; pH 7.94) for high yield. The present study showed that seedling growth responses such as increase in root weight, root length, root/shoot weight, and dry weight in P-deficient medium can be taken as indices of low-P tolerance in mature plants in field. Total phosphorus content in seedlings showed an inverse relationship with total phosphorus content and low-P tolerance in mature plants in the field. But, phosphorus content in seeds and acid phosphatase activity in the seedling stage were positively correlated with survival and seed set in low-P field. In low-P field, plant height correlated most with yield per plant, and the number of productive tillers in mature plants was highly correlated with tiller number at vegetative stage. These mutants (NH776, NH710, and NH719) have agronomic importance because of their ability to grow and give higher yield than N22 in P-deficient field.     

Internal Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Aluminum Toxicity and Phosphorus Starvation in Three Tropical Forages

Many tropical forage grasses and legumes grow well in acid soils, adapting to excess aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) starvation stresses by using mechanisms that are still unclear. To determine these mechanisms, responses to Al toxicity and P starvation in three tropical forages were studied: two grasses, Brachiaria hybrid cv. ‘Mulato’ (B. ruziziensis clone 44-06 × B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandú’) and Andropogon gayanus, and one legume, Arachis pintoi. The tropical grasses tolerated high levels of Al toxicity and P starvation, with the Brachiaria hybrid maintaining very low levels of Al concentration in shoots. ²⁷Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis revealed that, in the Brachiaria hybrid, Al makes complexes with some ligands such as organic-acid anions in the root symplast. The forages probably adapted to P starvation through high P-use efficiency. These experiments provide the first direct evidence we know of that organic acid anions within root tissue help detoxify Al in non-accumulator species such as the Brachiaria hybrid.     

柱花草磷饥饿响应基因SgPHR1和SgPHR2的克隆与表达分析

低磷胁迫是限制作物生长和产量的重要因素之一。磷饥饿响应因子PHR（phosphate starvation response）是植物磷信号调控网络中的关键因子,具有调控植物磷平衡的生物学功能。本研究在柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis）中克隆到转录因子SgPHR1和SgPHR2基因。SgPHR1和SgPHR2基因cDNA全长分别为1413 bp和849 bp,编码470和282个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子量分别为51.4 kD和30.9 kD。SgPHR1和SgPHR2均为SANT家族成员,包含MYB蛋白结构域和CC蛋白结构域,并具有多个潜在的磷酸化位点。亚细胞定位预测表明,SgPHR1和SgPHR2均定位于细胞核中。实时定量PCR结果表明,SgPHR1基因在柱花草根和叶中的表达量高于茎中的表达量,而SgPHR2基因在叶中表达量显著高于根和茎。缺磷（-P）和缺氮（-N）处理均显著增强了SgPHR1和SgPHR2在柱花草根中的表达。不同缺磷时间处理结果进一步表明了SgPHR1和SgPHR2在转录水平上响应低磷胁迫,暗示SgPHR1和SgPHR2可能参与了柱花草对低磷胁迫的应答。本研究结果为解析柱花草响应低磷胁迫的分子机制提供了候选基因。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

拟南芥跨液泡膜磷转运蛋白基因突变体的初步筛选

观察分析了拟南芥的编码转运蛋白和其相关基因,构建了T-DNA突变体。利用野生型拟南芥和构建的T-DNA突变体拟南芥在形态学上的差别,发现了一株可能新的耐磷突变体。通过对野生型拟南芥和磷饥饿突变体的对比分析,可以为植物在耐磷方面的研究提供重要的线索。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

氮饥饿对玉米大斑病菌生长和发育的影响

以改良Fries合成培养基为基础,观测氮饥饿胁迫条件下玉米大斑病菌菌株01-11和03-22在菌落生长速度、分生孢子产生时间和数量、菌落形态和颜色等方面的变化。结果发现,在缺氮条件下,培养6 d后菌落生长停滞,颜色变淡;菌丝稀疏,老化程度加快;分生孢子出现时间提前,但产孢数量减少。研究结果说明,氮元素对玉米大斑病菌的生长和发育有非常重要的作用。     

氮胁迫条件下稻瘟病菌分泌蛋白致病性分析

 以CH-63和TH-162个致病性差异的稻瘟病菌株为材料,在缺氮培养条件下进行液体培养。经培养2 d后,采用铵盐沉淀及透析纯化处理获得稻瘟病菌培养滤液中的分泌蛋白。分别采用致伤接种及浸泡处理对该蛋白作用水稻植株后的病理反应进行系统研究,结果表明经致伤接种的水稻叶片及茎杆接种斑处出现明显的坏死病斑,其病斑直径是对照的2~4倍。浸泡处理的水稻幼根出现严重褐化,植株生长矮小,株高仅为对照的1/2。对上述稻瘟病菌株分泌蛋白进行酶解处理后病症消失或减弱,进一步确证其为引起上述病理反应的主要因子。将该分泌蛋白接种24个水稻单基因系,接种后72 h根据病斑长度将24个IRRI水稻单基因系按抗、中、感病性状分组。对稻瘟病菌菌株CH-63和TH-16的缺氮分泌蛋白致病力强弱差异与菌丝块接种结果进行比较,结果表明CH-63致病力强于TH-16。     

饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾蛋白质代谢的影响

研究了体重为(13.08±2.40)g、体长为(10.37±0.73)cm的日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus ja-ponicus在饥饿和再投喂状态下蛋白质代谢的变化。对照组C连续饱食投喂10 d,试验组S10、S15、S25分别饥饿10、15、25 d后再恢复饱食投喂10 d。结果表明:在饥饿状态下,日本囊对虾肌肉中蛋白质的含量在饥饿前15 d迅速上升,饥饿第15~25 d趋于平稳,肝胰脏中蛋白质的含量则一直较稳定;恢复投喂后,肌肉中蛋白质的含量下降,而肝胰脏中蛋白质的含量上升。血浆中蛋白质的含量在饥饿前期(0~5 d)保持平稳,但在之后的第5~15 d则迅速下降,最后又恢复至最初水平;恢复投喂后,除S25组外其余各组血浆中蛋白质的含量都呈上升趋势,且试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肌肉中RNA/DNA的值在饥饿初期(0~5 d)略有下降,之后保持稳定,肝胰脏中RNA/DNA的值则在短期下降后有所上升;恢复投喂后,肌肉中RNA/DNA的值除S25组外其余各组均呈上升趋势,而肝胰脏中RNA/DNA的值除C组外其余各组均显著上升(P<0.05)。