Effect of two fresh diets and sexual maturation on the proximate and fatty acid profile of several tissues in Octopus vulgaris: specific retention of arachidonic acid in the gonads

Most nutritional studies on Octopus vulgaris were based on males to avoid interaction with reproductive processes, focusing on muscle and digestive gland tissues. This study intends to evaluate the effect of two fresh diets, a fish diet (bogue Boops boops) and a mixed diet (600 g kg^?1 crab Portunus pelagicus and 400 g kg^?1 bogue), on the biochemical composition of muscle, digestive gland and gonad in males and females of O. vulgaris. Six octopuses per diet were selected (n = 3 per sex) after 60 days of rearing in floating cages. Weight increase was higher in males (3–3.2 kg) than in females (0.9 kg) regardless of diet associated with sexual maturation. Gondosomatic Index in females was 11.3–13.4%. High‐lipid content in fish (440 g kg^?1 dw) was reflected in digestive gland regardless of the diet, while muscle and testis showed a relatively stable composition. The increase in protein content in the ovary was related to sexual maturation. The low arachidonic content in bogue was reflected in all tissues, with no apparent negative effect on growth and welfare. However, specific retention of arachidonic in the gonads, related to high arachidonic content in crab, underlined the importance of this fatty acid in for gonad development in O. vulgaris.     

库车白杏茎直径和茎液流速日变化及其与环境因子的关系

[目的]通过对库车白杏(Armeniaca vulgaris‘Kuchebaixing')茎干直径、茎液流速日变化及其与环境因子的关系分析,探讨环境因子对茎干直径和茎液流速变化的影响,为进一步认识库车白杏生长与环境的关系提供科学依据.[方法]利用以色列PhyTech公司生产的Phytalk植物生理生态监控系统对库车白杏的茎干直径、茎液流速及其环境因子日变化过程进行同步自动采集,并采用逐步回归分析方法进行分析.[结果]库车白杏茎直径变化过程曲线呈不规则锯齿状24h左右的周期性波动变化,晴天茎直径变化过程曲线比较平滑,阴天和雨天波动较大;茎直径变化与空气相对湿度、空气温度、太阳总辐射和土壤水势呈线性正相关,而与土壤温度和饱和水汽压差呈线性负相关.库车白杏茎液流速呈明显的昼夜节律变化,雨天的茎流速率变化过程有较大的起伏震荡;茎液流速与空气温度、空气相对湿度和土壤温度呈线性正相关,而与太阳总辐射、饱和水汽压差和风速呈线性负相关.[结论]库车白杏茎直径日变化呈白天收缩,傍晚、夜间复原或膨胀,与空气相对湿度、空气温度、太阳总辐射、土壤水势、土壤温度和饱和水汽压差紧密相关;茎液流速日变化呈单峰型曲线,与空气温度、空气相对湿度、土壤温度、太阳总辐射、饱和水汽压差和风速紧密相关.     

矮生菜豆新品种常菜豆4号的选育

常菜豆4号是1996-2002年从湖南省收集的菜豆种质资源98-4号中获得的优良单株,经5年系统选育而成的矮生菜豆新品种,鲜荚上市早,商品性好,产量高,667 m2产量为1 200kg,耐低温,抗病性强,适宜于全国各地栽培.     

侵染西瓜的黄瓜花叶病毒的生物学鉴定

用生物学、血清学及电镜技术鉴定了西瓜花叶病毒分离物 (XZ -1)的基本属性。研究结果表明 ,该分离物可侵染 6科 17种植物。其中 ,在葫芦科、茄科、菊科、苋科几种植物上表现为花叶 ;在苋色藜、蚕豆上表现为枯斑。桃蚜 (MyzusPersicae)可传毒 ,病毒汁液极易摩擦接种。该分离物汁液的致死温度为 5 5～ 60℃ ,稀释限点为 10 - 3～ 10 - 4,体外存活期约为 2～ 3d。分离物形态为典型球状 ,其提纯物紫外光吸收的最高峰在 2 60nm ,最低峰在 2 40nm。A2 80 /A2 6 0 =0 .69。该病毒核酸含量约为 11.3 %。ELISA测定该分离物与黄瓜花叶病毒的抗血清学反应为阳性 ,初步鉴定该分离物隶属于黄瓜花叶病毒 (CMV)     

光照强度对香溪河水华类型影响的模拟实验

探究光照强度对小球藻生长的影响,为香溪河水华预测提供理论依据。小球藻藻种为香溪河河水中平板分裂后逐步纯化所得。培养箱为40 L的方形塑料箱,四周用遮光布严实包裹。培养液30 L。培养液为用放置24 h后的自来水稀释25倍后的BG-11标准培养基,磷浓度0.285 mg/L,氮浓度9.48 mg/L,p H值7.3~7.8。恒温加热棒控制水温24℃。以平行布置的8根日光灯管作为光源,开关不同数量的日光灯管设定光强梯度,光照梯度为0、800、1 500、2 400、3 200、4 500、6 000 lx。采用电磁式真空泵曝气,曝气比率设置为10%。设置2组平行实验,每个培养箱中加入处理后的藻液10 m L。实验过程为期12d,每天上午8∶00取样,监测指标为光密度、叶绿素a、溶解性总磷、溶解性总氮。结果表明,光照强度在800~1 500 lx时易发生长周期的绿藻水华,绿藻水华转变为蓝藻水华的可能性低;3 200~4 500 lx时易发生短周期的绿藻水华;6 000 lx时发生蓝藻水华的风险很大。香溪河在光照强度小于3 200 lx时不必做蓝藻水华防御措施;光照强度大于4 500 lx时,需提前做适当的蓝藻水华防御措施。     

Water submersion of seeds from three bean cultivars

Tropical areas exhibit torrential rains, and when the rate of soil drainage is slower than the rate of precipitation, rapid flooding can result which can lead to germination failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of three bean cultivars (IPR-139, Pérola and IPR-Tiziu) to submersion in water for different time periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h). Seeds were evaluated for moisture content, electrical conductivity, leached ethanol, germination percentage and vigour classification, length and dry weight of roots and shoots, proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (an antioxidant enzyme). Increasing the submersion time resulted in decreased germination, vigour and growth, with increased electrical conductivity and leaching of ethanol. Just 1 h of submersion was enough for early differences to be evident among cultivars. The SOD activity was near constant during submersion in all cultivars. Overall, IPR-139 was the most susceptible to submersion, and IPR-Tiziu was the most tolerant cultivar. The tolerance of IRP-Tiziu was related to the high proline content in dry seeds and proline consumption during the submersion period.     

Evaluation of relationship between Chilean octopus (Octopus mimus Gould, 1852) egg health condition and the egg bacterial community

The objective of this study was to evaluate how bacterial community associated with Chilean octopus (Octopus mimus) egg was related to egg health condition using a culture dependent method and PCR‐DGGE fingerprinting technique. Total heterotrophic bacterial number of fresh egg was much lower than infected egg. However, biodiversity of culturable bacterial community associated with the fresh egg exhibited a higher diversity than the infected egg. Result of a culture dependent method showed that Roseobacter clade was predominant in the fresh egg, while predominant species in the infected egg was γ‐proteobacteria. DGGE fingerprinting technique showed that fresh egg associated unculturable bacterial community was constituted of Roseobacter clade and Bacteroidetes, whereas Bacteroidetes was predominant bacteria in the infected egg. These results suggest that there might be some sort of relationship between octopus eggs associated bacterial community and egg health condition. Moreover, Roseobacter clade and Bacteroidetes might be potential symbiotic bacteria associated with the octopus egg, and some γ‐proteobacteria might be involved in octopus egg disease. In particular, Roseobacter clade may play an important role in octopus egg health and it raises the possibility that this clade can be utilized as potential probiotics for octopus aquaculture.     

长蛸平衡囊的形态结构和神经支配模式

采用光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和同步辐射等方法对长蛸平衡囊的形态和神经支配进行了研究。平衡囊位于长蛸头后部两侧的软骨腔中,表面是近似椭圆形的膜质结构。平衡囊表面缠绕的大量纤维丝,与软骨壁粘联后使囊悬浮于腔内的淋巴液中。平衡囊中的感觉毛细胞分为感觉斑(macula)和感觉脊(crista)两个区域,其中感觉斑毛细胞区被包裹着胶质粘液层的耳石覆盖,毛细胞动纤毛顶端嵌入耳石底层钙质微晶体间隙中;感觉脊区毛细胞呈带状螺旋型排列,共分九节,其毛细胞均由胶质顶(cupula)覆盖。毛细胞仅含等长、9+2微管型动纤毛,无静纤毛,其周围细胞含微绒毛。平衡囊内的一软骨凸起结构,相对感觉脊(anticrista),其表面无感觉毛细胞。同步辐射结果表明:支配感觉斑区的神经仅一条,而感觉脊区却由两条神经束从脑部经囊表后分支进入各自支配的毛细胞节区。     

多胺及其合成抑制剂对干旱胁迫下杏苗生理指标的影响

【目的】探讨喷施多胺及其合成抑制剂甲基乙二醛双脒基腙(MGBG)对干旱胁迫杏苗生理指标的影响,为杏抗旱栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以金太阳杏1年生嫁接苗为试材,设处理1(对照,CK)、处理2[干旱(Drought, D.)胁迫]、处理3[(CK+亚精胺(Spermidine,Spd)]、处理4(D.+Spd)、处理5(D.+MGBG)和处理6(D.+MGBG+ Spd)共6个处理,每2 d处理1次,处理30 d后分别测定并分析各处理叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、叶绿素总含量及光合参数。【结果】干旱胁迫下,杏苗叶片MDA、可溶性糖和Pro含量增加,叶绿素总含量和光合参数均降低;喷施1.0 mmol/L Spd的杏苗叶片MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、Pro含量、叶绿素总含量及大部分光合参数提高;在干旱胁迫下喷施1.0 mmol/L Spd可使杏苗的MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、Pro含量、叶绿素总含量及大部分光合参数显著提高(P<0.05);在干旱胁迫下喷施1.0 mmol/L MGBG可促进杏苗叶片MDA含量、Pro含量、叶绿素总含量及大部分光合参数降低。【结论】喷施1.0 mmol/L Spd可增强金太阳杏苗对干旱胁迫环境的适应能力,可在杏规模化栽培中应用。     

不同栽培模式下甜菜和籽粒苋对次生盐渍化土壤的抑盐效应

针对甘肃省秦王川引大灌区的土壤次生盐渍化愈发严重的农业和生态问题,以露地平播为对照(CK),研究了垄沟露地(R)、垄沟覆膜(R+P)两种栽培模式下耐盐作物甜菜和籽粒苋对该地区次生盐渍化土壤的p H值、盐分离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-))含量和电导率(EC)及植物电导率、成苗率和产量的影响。结果表明,种植耐盐作物对次生盐渍化土壤的脱盐改良效应十分明显,配合R、R+P的栽培模式效果更加显著;R+P模式下耕种一季作物后,与CK相比,种植甜菜和籽粒苋的土壤盐分离子浓度分别下降4.8%~7.4%和4.7%~6.5%,土壤电导率分别下降16.7%~28.6%和12.8%~30.9%,甜菜和籽粒苋叶片电导率分别下降22.9%和14.9%;R+P模式下籽粒苋成苗率显著提高,但栽培模式对两种作物的产量无显著影响。