外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。     

Relationship between light,fruit and leaf mineral content with albinism incidence in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

A study was conducted in strawberry to establish a relationship between shading, mineral nutrient of leaves and fruits with albinism incidence. Plants grown under shade produced albino fruits in higher proportion than those grown in open fields. Similarly, plants under shade produced smaller sized fruits and have lower fruit yield. Among cultivars, Etna had highest incidence of albinism (49.6%) and Sweet Charlie the lowest (14.4%). Dry matter content (%), concentration of five major nutrients, viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and N:Ca and K:Ca nutrient ratios did not differ significantly in the leaves of plants producing normal or albino fruits. However, in contrast, the concentration of K was notably higher (1.97 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) and that of Ca was lower (0.098 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) in albino fruits than normal ones. Consequently, the ratios of N:Ca (11.34) and K:Ca (20.08) were higher in albino fruits than normal ones. Cultivars also differed widely in respect to dry matter (%), mineral content and nutrient ratios. Thus, it appears that lower light intensity favours the development of albinism in strawberry, and it seems that calcium is not the basic cause of albinism, but increased vigour associated with overuse of N and K might be positively associated with it.     

不同品种厚皮甜瓜果实成熟过程中挥发性物质成分分析

采用固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用的方法,对品质差异较大的山农黄金1号、Sweet delight(美国)和Takami(日本)厚皮甜瓜果实成熟过程中挥发性物质进行分析鉴定。结果表明,不同品种厚皮甜瓜果实成熟过程中挥发性物质组成和相对含量不同。山农黄金1号、Sweet delight和Takami果实成熟过程中共分离出156种挥发性物质,主要为酯类、醛类和醇类等化合物。山农黄金1号甜瓜果实未成熟时挥发性物质以醛类物质为主;随着果实的发育,近成熟时醇类、醛类物质含量急剧降低,酯类物质含量迅速升高;果实成熟时挥发性物质以酯类物质为主。Sweet delight果实未成熟时挥发性物质以醛类、醇类物质为主;随着果实的发育,醇类物质含量逐渐降低,醛类、酯类物质含量逐渐升高;果实成熟时挥发性物质以醛类物质为主。Takami果实未成熟时挥发性物质以醇类、醛类物质为主;果实成熟时挥发性物质以酯类、醛类物质为主。     

施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响

2003年在内蒙古西辽河平原灰色草甸土上采用"3414"二次回归最优设计试验方案,研究N、P、K肥配施对敖汉紫花苜蓿当年产草量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:在施N 16.59kg/hm2、施P2O548.92kg/hm2、施K2O283.79kg/hm2时可获得鲜草最高产量66464kg/hm2。14个处理组合中,初花期以处理9(N2P2K1)、处理1(N0P0K0)、处理5(N2P1K2)粗蛋白质的含量高;初花期的粗纤维含量小于25.0%的处理组合是处理6(N2P2K2)、处理7(N2P3K2)、处理11(N3P2K2)、处理12(N2P1K1),均达到国家一级标准[6];初花期粗灰分含量处理8(N2P2K0)最低;还分析了N、P、K肥对敖汉苜蓿营养成分的影响。     

中药复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

目的:观察从自拟中药复方免疫增强剂中提取的复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。方法:将14日龄健康雏鸡660只随机分为12组,每组55只。分别于15、16、17日龄口服黄芪多糖 环磷酰胺、复方多糖 环磷酰胺、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ(多糖均一组分Ⅰ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ(多糖均一组分Ⅱ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ(多糖均一组分Ⅲ) 环磷酰胺、黄芪多糖、复方多糖、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ、生理盐水、肌注环磷酰胺。分别在用药前、用药后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d采血,测定红细胞数量;分别在NDⅣ系疫苗首免后7、14、21 d,二免后7、14、21 d采血、分离血清,测定ND-H I抗体效价。结果:中药复方多糖及其均一组分可使雏鸡红细胞数量、首免和二免后ND-H I抗体效价明显升高,其中以GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组效果最佳;环磷酰胺可使上述指标明显下降,中药多糖能使环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制逆转至正常水平,复方多糖 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ组、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ组与生理盐水对照组相比差异不显著,复方多糖组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组与黄芪多糖组相比差异显著。结论:中药复方多糖均一组分具有很好的免疫增强作用,但是其纯度与免疫增强效果不成正比。     

西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100

在宁夏固原上黄试验区，对灌木林地、农地、天然草地、果园和人工草地5种利用方式土壤的化学性质、颗粒组成与其分形特征之间的关系进行了分析和研究。结果表明：①土壤砂粒含量与土壤分形维数存在一定的相关性；粘粒含量与土壤分形维数表现出极显著正相关，即粘粒含量越高其分形维数越大；②灌木林地随着种植年限的增长，粘粒含量增多，分形维数也增加；而果园随种植年限的增长，粘粒含量减少，分形维数降低；不同利用方式土壤颗粒分形维数变化趋势为天然草地〉农地〉灌木林地〉果园〉人工草地；③影响土壤颗粒分形维数的因素主要有砂粒含量、粘粒含量以及阳离子交换量等，土壤粘粒含量、颗粒分形维数及阳离子交换量三者存在极显著相关，土壤颗粒组成的分形维数可以作为表明土壤发育状况的一个重要指标。     

两种氮肥用量对超级稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响

以6个超级杂交稻组合为材料,初步研究了两种氮肥用量条件下对水稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,施纯氮360 kg/hm²与施纯氮180 kg/hm²相比,水稻单位面积的有效穗数增加,单株的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重下降,1 hm²稻田减产6.2%～10.3%。氮肥施用量过高,造成水稻生育后期稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、水稻纹枯病和烟煤病危害加重,尤其是易引起腐生性煤炱菌的滋长。     

Management of nematodes and a stalk borer by increasing within-field sugarcane cultivar diversity

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in plant diversity could modify the structure of the nematode community in favour of less pathogenic species and whether it affected the lepidopteran stalk borer, Eldana saccharina . Four sugarcane cultivars were planted either singly or as a mixture in the furrow. Nematodes were enumerated when the crops were 6 months old for five successive 10 to 13 month old crop cycles. Results showed that the mixture of cultivars had little significant impact on the overall abundance of the plant-parasitic or free-living nematodes. However, the nematode community structure within the mixture was slightly different to that observed on any single cultivar planted on its own and there was a higher than expected proportion of Helicotylenchus dihystera during the first three crops. With successive crops and in all treatments, there was an overall trend of increasing proportions of Meloidogyne javanica in the nematode community. However, the way that the change in the species-balance occurred in the mixed cultivar plots suggested a resistance to the evolving dominance of M. javanica . These results showed that sugarcane cultivars interacted within the rhizosphere when planted in a mixture because the observed nematode community in the mixture differed from that expected. The level of damage caused by E. saccharina was slightly lower in the mixture than expected from the actual cultivar composition.     

红果米仔兰杀虫活性成分及毒力的初步研究

为探索楝科植物红果米仔兰的杀虫活性,本以生物活性跟踪法对该种植物的叶的活性成分进行了初步研究,并测定了活性物质对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力。叶的甲醇抽提物活性高于氯仿抽提物和石油醚抽提物。甲醇抽提物经氯仿萃取,所得萃取物通过柱层析,分离得到的４号流份Ｆ４有最高活性。Ｆ４对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的拒食中浓度（ＡＦＣ５０）为０．１２％,致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０）为０．１３％,抑制生长发育中浓度（ＥＣ５０）为０．２１％。