谷物介电性质及其在含水量测量中的应用

对谷物介电性质的概念,测量方法、影响因子和预测模型进行了综述、介绍了利用介电性质测量谷物含水量的方法以及近期研究动向。     

螯合剂对沉积物中铬的去向的影响

A laboratory investigation on reaction between chelating agents and chromium was conducted to evaluate the effect of chelating agents on the adsorption and desorption of chromium in sediment. The amount of adsorbed chromium(Ⅵ) in sediment decreased slightly by 5%-10% because of addition of chelating agents. Chelating agents inhibited the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) by sediment from solutions and the inhibiting effect was in the order: citric acid > tartaric acid > EDTA, salicylic acid. No effect of chelating agents on desorption of chromium in sediment was observed.     

单组分快速湿固化聚氨酯木材胶黏剂的研制

针对30min内胶接桦木生材(含水率在60%～90%)集成木方的生产需要,采用聚醚多元醇、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(P-MDI)为主要原料制备单组分快速湿固化聚氨酯木材胶黏剂,以表(?)时间,常温凝胶时间和干、湿状压缩剪切强度为指标,通过正交试验确定合成工艺的主要参数:—NCO:—OH摩尔比值(R)大小、聚乙二醇(PEC)分子量大小和溶剂量与增塑剂量的比例,探讨了各项因素对胶黏剂性能的影响,并根据实际生产需要,优化出最佳方案。结果表明:所合成胶黏剂压制桦木生材集成木方的主要性能指标,均超过日本JISK6806—2003Ⅰ类板的标准要求。     

热脱附-气相色谱质谱法测定挥发性有机化合物的研究

运用自动热脱附仪和气相色谱/质谱联用技术,通过对木制品中释放的多种挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行测试,得到较优的测试处理条件.研究发现,该方法的重现性和稳定性较好;较低的采样流速,可有效的降低苯在Tenax TA吸附管中的穿透行为.     

土壤中黑碳对农药敌草隆的吸附-解吸迟滞行为研究

采用批处理振荡法和连续稀释法分别测定了敌草隆在人工添加黑碳土壤和自然形成的不同有机质和黑碳含量的土壤中的吸附一解吸行为。吸附结果表明，人工添加黑碳的土壤对敌草隆的吸附强度和吸附容量以及吸附等温线的非线性均随土壤黑碳添加浓度的增加而逐步增大；自然土壤的吸附容量和吸附强度随土壤总有机质含量增加而增加，但吸附等温线的非线性则与土壤中黑碳对有机质的相对含量有关，黑碳比例越高，等温线非线性越大。解吸实验结果表明，无论是人工添加黑碳的土壤还是自然土壤，对敌草隆的解吸迟滞作用均随土壤黑碳含量增高而愈明显。     

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

滤纸法测定非饱和土壤离子吸附等温线的初步研究

滤纸法对非饱和土壤溶液离子浓度的变化有较高的敏感性和较好的重现性 ,能够用于非饱和土壤离子吸附等温线的测定。滤纸法和乙醇浸提法、离心法有很好的一致性。滤纸法测定的非饱和土壤NH 4 、K 离子吸附等温线具有一般吸附等温线的共性 ,可用Freundlich方程描述 ,且达极显著相关水平。在土壤溶液浓度相同的情况下 ,液土比增大 ,离子固相吸附量增大 ,Freundlich方程的k值 ,n值增大 ,说明液土比增大有利于非饱和土壤离子吸附反应进行     

陕西省几种代表性土壤NH4+吸附、解吸动力学特征研究

采用连续液流法测定了五种土壤吸附、解吸ＮＨ＾＋４的动力学性质。研究表明：（１）ＮＨ＾＋４吸附、解吸平衡时间及反应速率，平衡时的吸附、解吸量及吸附平衡常数均随土壤粘粒和ＣＥＣ不同而变化；（２）不同动力学模型及同一模型对不同土壤的拟合性不同。     

针型电容法测量谷物含水率的研究

采用针型电容传感器和测量电路,并采取减小介质损耗的有效措施,研制了测量谷物含水率的针型电容法。实验结果表明,在谷物含水率与输出电压间具有良好的线性关系。该方法具有较高灵敏度、稳定性和良好的动态特性,完全可以满足谷物含水率的测量要求,为谷物含水率的准确、快速和在线测量提供了一种有效的方法。     

黄土性土壤在连续液流条件下吸附、解吸磷酸根的动力学研究

采用连续液流法研究了黄土性土壤吸附,解吸磷酸根的动力学性质。结果表明：（１）供试土壤对磷酸根的吸附,解吸扫速率可分为快,中,慢三种反应类型;（２）描述吸附,解吸反应的最优模型均为Ｅｌｏｖｉｃｈ方程,最差模型分别为一级反应方程及双常数方程,拟合差的模型对反应速率变化“敏感”,可用于反应类型划分和机理研究;（３）粘粒含量及代换量对吸附速率有著影响,游离铁对吸附速率,ＣａＣＯ３对较低温度下的吸附及较高温