规格材强度性能测试方法的研究进展

规格材是现代轻型木结构建筑的主要用材.本文简要阐述了规格材的相关概念、北美分级测试系统的研究进展,分析了不同测试条件对强度测试值的影响,结合我国现状,预测今后规格材强度测试的发展趋势并提出建议.     

林业专家系统软件开发测试方案的探讨

针对我国林业专家系统设计特点和研究中存在的问题,讨论了林业专家系统软件规范性测试的若干问题.从数据库测试、知识库测试、人工智能领域的测试、维护、健壮性测试等角度,分析研究软件测试技术在开发林业专家系统的应用及重要作用,并通过一个林业专家系统测试实例提出了一套全新的软件测试方案.     

基于频率法的斜拉索索力测试研究

分析了斜拉索的抗弯刚度、边界条件、垂度、测试系统分析精度和温度等因素对索力测试精度的影响,并提出了一些行之有效的改进措施.通过对广州海印大桥的索力测试及分析过程表明,根据所测频率基于振动原理所获得的索力在通常情况下具有相当的精度,适用于成桥索力测试.     

树脂含量对胶合强度的影响

以落叶松为研究对象,分析木材中树脂含量对木材胶合强度的影响.试验共进行了两大部分的测试:一是实木锯材的剪切应力测试;另一部分是指接材的力学性能测试.试验结果表明,随着树脂含量的升高,无论是实木锯材还是指接材,其力学性能都有所下降.     

基桩低应变动测的频响特性与频域分析

动态测试与静态测试最大的区别在于动态测试包含了对多种频率成分的动态信号记录问题.频域分析是时域分析的一种必要的、有益的补充,能够更好地指导我们的现场测试,帮助我们选择更好的安装方法.在对基桩动态响应的频谱特性进行分析基础上,讨论了基桩低应变动测曲线的频域分析方法,并介绍了计算桩底土的单位刚度和桩身动刚度的方法.     

耐水木塑复合地板弯曲性能的测试方法

为配合有关标准的制定,对6种异型结构的耐水木塑地板进行了弯曲性能测试公式的推导,并按照实际常用的跨距进行了测试.结果表明:300 mm和400 mm两种跨距的弯曲挠度均加大,但后者最大承载能力较前者小;这两种跨距对抗弯强度测试值影响不大,但弹性模量测试值变化较大.在使用中还需结合最大承我力和弯曲挠度,来确定合适的跨距.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的水泵性能测试系统设计

将现代虚拟仪器技术应用于水泵性能测试系统,充分发挥了虚拟仪器技术开发效率高、灵活性兼容性强和可重用度高的特点,设计与实现了水泵性能的在线测试,详述了系统的工作原理和主要功能,说明了系统硬件和软件的设计方法,重点介绍了水泵性能数据处理的数学模型推导.最后,对系统进行了测试,实验证明系统性能稳定、操作灵活,能可靠实现水泵性能测试.     

心理测谎技术在森林火案调查中的应用

由于森林火灾案件具有起火原因复杂、证据难取等特点,对涉案嫌疑对象的审查难度较大.心理测试技术在森林火灾案件调查中加以运用,有其必要性和可行性,可以帮助办案单位判断被审查对象与案件的关系、对被审查对象施加心理压力以及进一步发现证据等.为了能使心理测试技术更好地服务森林火灾案件的调查工作,需要办案单位掌握应用心理测试技术的技巧,走出认识上的误区,理性地看待心理测试技术.     

汽车排放物检测系统的设计

根据ASM汽车排放污染测试要求构建了ASM汽车排放污染物测试系统,该系统以AHS-ELP300型底盘测功机为基础,以工控机为核心,可实现汽车工况控制和排气污染物测试.     

《木结构试验方法标准》中U型挠度架的设计与应用

GB/T50329-2002《木结构试验方法标准》,对木结构梁的抗弯试验及剪切模量测试用U型挠度架装置,仅提出刚度要求,未涉及材料、构造等内容.笔者针对胶合木梁的抗弯性能测试,设计两种尺寸的U型挠度架,并将其应用于木梁抗弯性能测试.根据试验结果,阐述挠度架的材料选择、结构设计以及应用要点.     

Simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography

A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results show that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1.0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride, 5.0 mL 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL with water. Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4–9.4% and relative standard deviations 0.8%-12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Mo(VI) do not interfere with the determination for Cu(II). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0. l%-2.1% and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.     

蓖麻油基含硅阻燃增塑剂的合成及其在聚氯乙烯中的应用

为提高增塑剂的阻燃性能,以可再生资源蓖麻油合成了一种蓖麻油基含硅阻燃增塑剂(Si-ECO),并将其应用到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中。首先将蓖麻油与三甲基氯硅烷反应得到中间体(Si-CO),再与双氧水、甲酸等进行环氧化得到最终产品。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对分子结构进行表征。将该蓖麻油基含硅增塑剂与PVC以及其他助剂进行共混注塑,得到不同含量Si-ECO的PVC树脂。以动态机械分析(DMA)、热重(TG)以及极限氧指数(LOI)等方法测试共混树脂的热力学性能和阻燃性能;以万能力学试验机表征力学性能。试验结果表明:随着Si-ECO阻燃增塑剂含量的增加,其热稳定性有所提高,同时残炭量也增加到4.72%;通过DMA分析可知,该蓖麻油基增塑剂Si-ECO与PVC具有良好的相容性,且能有效提高树脂的阻燃性能,体系的LOI从25.0增加到30.7,热释放速率(HRR)和总释放热(THR)分别为263.14 k W/m^2和29.5 MJ。以蓖麻油为基础合成具有阻燃功能的增塑剂具有广阔的发展前景。     

An application of Neurogenetic Algorithm System to individual tree growth model

A neural network system with genetic algorithms (Neurogenetic Algorithm System, or NGAS) was employed to develop individual coniferous tree growth models. A multivariable regression model was applied to compare the performance of NGAS. An IBM personal computer with the BioComp System’s software program of NGO was used to execute this comparison. The results indicate that NGAS is more accurate and effective than the conventional regression method in modeling individual tree growth based on the criteria of Sum of Squared Error (SSE), Average Absolute Error (AAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Final Predicted Error (FPE). This study also suggests that individual tree growth may indeed be a non-linear process. Using this flexible neural network system to model individual tree growth can yield satisfactory prediction results.     

Susceptibility of thermo-hydro-treated birch plywood to mould and blue stain fungi

In this study, mould and blue stain susceptibility, capillary water uptake (CWU) and microstructural properties of two thermo-hydro-treated (THT) birch plywood products A and B were investigated. Plywood A represented a THT industrial plywood glued with a phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. Plywood B represented panels from THT veneers glued with a PF film. The THT regimes were (temperature, °C/time, min): 150/10, 150/50, 160/10 and 160/50. Both THT plywood products and untreated samples were resistant to mould and blue stain growth in 1 month of exposure in laboratory and outdoor conditions. A statistically significant correlation between fungal growth in laboratory and outdoor conditions for plywood products A and B was not found (P?>?.05). Artificial weathering of both plywood products provided adverse fungal growth results compared to the natural weathering test outdoors. The fungal growth on plywood A and B samples mutually strongly correlated (P?相似文献   

Model estimates of net primary productivity,evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States during 1895–2007

The effects of global change on ecosystem productivity and water resources in the southern United States (SUS), a traditionally ‘water-rich’ region and the ‘timber basket’ of the country, are not well quantified. We carried out several simulation experiments to quantify ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) (i.e., NPP/ET) in the SUS by employing an integrated process-based ecosystem model (Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, DLEM). The results indicated that the average ET in the SUS was 710 mm during 1895–2007. As a whole, the annual ET increased and decreased slightly during the first and second half of the study period, respectively. The mean regional total NPP was 1.18 Pg C/yr (525.2 g C/m²/yr) during 1895–2007. NPP increased consistently from 1895 to 2007 with a rate of 2.5 Tg C/yr or 1.10 g C/m²/yr, representing a 27% increase. The average WUE was about 0.71 g C/kg H₂O and increased about 25% from 1895 to 2007. The rather stable ET might explain the resulting increase in WUE. The average WUE of different biomes followed an order of: forest (0.93 g C/kg H₂O) > wetland (0.75 g C/kg H₂O) > grassland (0.58 g C/kg H₂O) > cropland (0.54 g C/kg H₂O) > shrubland (0.45 g C/kg H₂O). WUE of cropland increased the fastest (by 30%), followed by shrubland (17%) and grassland (9%), while WUE of forest and wetland changed little from the period of 1895–1950 to the period of 1951–2007. NPP, ET and WUE showed substantial inter-annual and spatial variability, which was induced by the non-uniform distribution patterns and change rates of environmental factors across the SUS. We concluded that an accurate projection of the regional impact of climate change on carbon and water resources must consider the spatial variability of ecosystem water use efficiency across biomes as well as the interactions among all stresses, especially land-use and land-cover change and climate.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Full-length cDNA Encoding Light-harvesting Complexes of Photosystem II in Phyllostachys edulis

The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex plays an important role in photosynthesis of plants. A full-length cDNA of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b （cab） gene was cloned from the first strand of Moso （Phyllostachys edulis） cDNA through RT-PCR and RACE methods, named as cabPhEIO （cab gene 10 from Ph. edulis）. The length of cab- PhEIO （GenBank accession number： EU118754） is 1 151 bp, which contains an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acids from 81st to 932nd position. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein encoded by cab-PhElO had a chlorophll a/b binding domain （83rd -247th position）, two protein kinase C-phosphorylation sites, three Nmyristoylation sites and a yia A/B double helix domain.The amino acid sequence of cab-PhElO showed high similarity with the cab genes of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Vitis vinifera, more than 80%, respectively, which indicated that cab-PhElO gene belongs to lhcb5 gene family.     

川滇高山栎氮磷含量快速测定研究

根据文献已报道的植物全磷全氮测定方法,改进了AA3型连续流动分析仪对川滇高山栎枝叶全磷全氮含量测定的方法。结果表明:制备的氮磷标曲线性良好,相关系数均为1.0000,高于仪器的线性要求;全氮全磷标准偏差范围在0.017~0.038 mg/L和0.002~0.004 mg/L之间,变异系数范围分别是0.276%~0.776%和0.552%~0.919%,均小于1%(n=10),氮磷检出限分别为:N:0.0097mg/L,P:0.0092 mg/L,均满足仪器要求;氮磷空白加标回收率范围分别是94.2%~100.5%和96.8%~100.5%;经国家一级标准物质(GSV-2)验证,氮磷含量的测定值与标准值吻合,方法的相对准确度在99.22%~99.68%和99.76%~105.32%之间。因此,利用改进的AA3型连续流动分析仪测氮磷的方法测量川滇高山栎植物样全氮全磷的含量,具有准确且快速高效的优点。     

5种化学杀虫剂防治椰心叶甲试验

对珠海市椰子树林发生的椰心叶甲，使用10％氯氰菊脂、48％乐斯本乳剂、16％虫线清乳剂、81％马拉松乳剂、90％敌百虫等5种化学杀虫剂，进行施药防治对比试验。结果显示：喷施10％氯氰菊酯乳剂0．67ml/L与48％乐斯本乳剂1ml/L的混合液、16％虫线清乳剂5ml/L，杀虫平均死亡率分别为94．2％和93．8％，降低林木受害程度的防治效果分别为76．81％和78．26％，显著高于其它药剂处理的效果。     

Responses of antioxidant enzymes in the needles of hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seedlings to nutrient solutions containing various calcium/aluminum ratios

An attempt was made to examine the possible connection between the various ratios of calcium/aluminum (Ca/Al) in the nutrient solution of plant cultures and the active oxygen scavenging system of hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seedlings. The hinoki cypress seedlings were transferred to nutrient solutions containing 5 mM AlCl₃ together with various concentrations of Ca(NO₃)₂ in pots containing glass beads and Teflon tips. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the needles were estimated at several stages during the 7-day treatment. The samples treated with the lower Ca/Al solutions show the highest SOD activities. The activities of APX and GR, both of them involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, showed the same tendency with decrease to higher Ca/Al ratio. These results indicate that rhizospheric Ca might compete with Al and ameliorate Al toxicity on and in the roots, the Al stress is not transformed to the needles after a few days, and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the hinoki cypress needles might fluctuate and be suppressed by the rhizospheric Al stress during the 7 days. This work was supported in part by funding from the Japan Science & Technology Corporation, the CREST program 1996–2001, and the Center for Forest Decline Studies.     

Total phenols,flavonoids, and procyanidins levels and total antioxidant activity of different Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) varieties

Total phenols,flavonoids,procyanidins,and total antioxidant capacity,measured with ferric reducing antioxidant power,radical scavenging capacity,and oxygen radical absorption capacity assays were first evaluated in the extracts of the shells,skins and kernels of 10 varieties of Pinus koraiensis.Results indicate that these varieties had strong radical scavenging capacities,ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorption capacities.Phenolic,flavonoid and procyanidin values ranged from 138.6(#3 kernel)to 518.6(#10 shell)mg GAE/g,from 23.3(#2 kernel)to 70.8(#5 skin)mg RE/g,from 2.5(#2 kernel)to 142.1(#7 skin)mg CE/g,respectively.Radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power values were positively correlated to the polyphenol contents which play a major role in antioxidant properties.The varieties may be divided into two groups by cluster analysis and the variables being measured.These results will be useful for breeding varieties and guiding their production.