基于MS-IMMIKF的MEMS陀螺输出信号消噪处理

陀螺用于感知稳定平台相对于惯性空间的角速率,进而得到稳定平台在惯性空间的姿态,通过反馈稳定平台伺服控制机构相应的控制量来实现对稳定平台的稳定控制。通过分析陀螺随机误差对稳定平台精度影响,提出了一种新的陀螺随机漂移处理方法。首先针对机动跟踪领域的Singer模型中人为设定机动频率α的不合理性,对机动频率α进行在线估计,提出基于Modified Singer(MS)模型直接对陀螺输出进行建模的方法;在此基础上建立基于交互式多模型(IMM)的改进卡尔曼滤波算法(MS-IMMIKF)对陀螺输出随机误差进行处理,并对交互式多模型的改进卡尔曼滤波(IKF)进行理论分析和推导;通过数值仿真分析和稳定平台中某型号陀螺试验验证和仿真计算得出,静态滤波后均方根误差达到0.022 7°/s,证明了该方法对陀螺漂移处理的有效性与可行性;最后通过稳定平台动静态稳定试验表明,MS-IMMIKF滤波算法对提高稳定平台精度有效且实用。     

不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土的改良效果

为了探究不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土的改良效果,以河北省中捷友谊农场学院路的滨海盐渍土为研究对象,试验设定5种不同的改良处理:TR1(有机改良剂+天然沸石)、TR2(园林废弃物+天然沸石)、TR3(有机改良剂+园林废弃物+天然沸石)、TR4(天然沸石)、TR5(有机改良剂)以及CK(对照),进行田间试验,分别于改良1个月后以及改良1a后取样,分析并测定土壤8大离子质量分数以及土壤全盐量。结果表明:改良1个月后,5种改良处理均能显著地降低土壤Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2)质量分数和全盐量;TR2处理和TR4处理能显著降低土壤中K~+质量分数;除TR5处理外,其他4种处理均能显著降低土壤中Na+和Cl-质量分数;只有TR5处理能够显著降低土壤中HCO_3~-质量分数和pH值。改良1a后,5种改良处理均能显著地降低土壤K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2)质量分数和全盐量;除TR5处理外,其他4个改良处理均能显著降低Na~+质量分数;改良后土壤pH值和HCO_3~-质量分数均无显著变化。因此,有机改良剂、天然沸石和园林废弃物作为改良土壤降盐材料均有助于滨海盐碱地改良,达到降盐效果。     

A Modified Walkley-Black Method Based on Spectrophotometric Procedure

The Walkley-Black (WB) method, because of its simplicity and rapidity, has been widely used during the past 50 years for determination of soil organic carbon (SOC), but one of the main problems with WB method in operation is determination of titration end point by the observer. In the past several years some studies have been done to reduce the human role in determination of titration end point in WB method. In this study, in addition to the routine method of using an indicator for end point determination, a potentiometric and a spectrophotometric method was also employed for end point determination. The results indicated that these two methods are more accurate than the indicator method. Finally, a modified Walkley-Black (MWB) method employing a spectrophotometric procedure was proposed, which is more reproducible, easier in operation, and more economical.     

Effects of different growing media on vegetative and reproductive growth of bell pepper

A soilless pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different growing substrates on vegetative and reproductive growth of bell pepper. The growing substrates consisted of: rice hull (100%), perlite (100%), coarse saw dust (100%), rice hull (75%)+zeolite (25%), perlite (75%)+zeolite (25%), saw dust (75%)+zeolite (25%), rice hull (50%)+perlite (50%), saw dust (50%)+perlite (50%), and rice hull (50%)+saw dust (50%) (by volume). Results showed that for all measured vegetative traits the highest and lowest amount was related to the plants grown in the perlite+zeolite and pure rice hull or saw dust, respectively. Results also showed that using perlite+zeolite as the media produced the highest fruit number and yield, while plant grown in the saw dust+zeolite produced the lowest fruit number. According to the results, adding zeolite and perlite to rice hull or saw dust in most cases, significantly increased the pepper yield compared with their pure treatments.     

Minimizing ammonia volatilization from urea,improving lowland rice (cv. MR219) seed germination,plant growth variables,nutrient uptake,and nutrient recovery using clinoptilolite zeolite

The anionic nature and high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clinoptilolite zeolite can be exploited to reduce ammonia (NH₃) loss from urea and to improve soil chemical properties to increase nutrient utilization efficiency in lowland rice cultivation. A closed-dynamic airflow system was used to determine NH₃ loss from treatments (20, 40, and 60 g clinoptilolite zeolite pot^?1). Seed germination study was conducted to evaluate the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite on rice seed germination. A pot study was conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite on rice plant growth variables, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. Standard procedures were used to determine NH₃ loss, rice plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. Application of clinoptilolite zeolite (15%) increased shoot elongation of seedlings and significantly reduced NH₃ loss (up to 26% with 60 g zeolite pot^?1), and increased number of leaves, total dry matter, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, soil pH, CEC, and exchangeable Na⁺. Amending acid soils with clinoptilolite zeolite can significantly minimize NH₃ loss and improve rice plant growth variables, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. These findings are being validated in our ongoing field trials.     

A modified critical test and its use in two dose titration trials to assess efficacy of praziquantel for Anoplocephala perfoliata in equids

Aims of this study with 43 equids naturally infected with Anoplocephala perfoliata in two dose titration trials were to document (i) the usefulness of a critical test with a 48 h treatment to necropsy period, (ii) efficacy of an oral paste of 0.5-2.0 mg praziquantel/kg body weight, and (iii) when after treatment would fecal egg counts provide best estimates of the tapeworm's prevalence in a herd. All feces passed by an equid after treatment and collected in successive 12 h batches were examined for tapeworms. At necropsy, tapeworms were identified as attached to the mucosa or unattached. Tapeworms were examined with a stereoscope and identified as normal or abnormal. Fecal samples were taken for egg counts at treatment and at 6 h intervals thereafter. In 32 of 36 treated equids, efficacy was 100% and mean efficacies for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg praziquantel/kg body weight were 85.5, 99.7, 100 and 100%, respectively. Two equids treated with 0.5 mg praziquantel/kg body weight had low efficacies (5.4 and 38.1%) and normal tapeworms were found attached in the ventral colon and in one equid also in the dorsal colon. In seven untreated equids, tapeworms were primarily in the cecum with 21.3% detached. "Major fragments" or worms without a scolex but otherwise nearly a complete worm were 20.5% of the number of intact worms; they were not included in the efficacy analysis but should be. If the two equids with low efficacy were eliminated and if the number of all tapeworms and major fragments are combined less than 0.5% were in feces within 12 h of treatment, about 20% were in the 12-24 h period, 42% in 24-36h, 24% in 36-48 h and 13.5% in the equids at necropsy. One horse passed all its tapeworms in 24 h. This 48 h test when compared with a 24 h one with no examination of feces was more efficient in use of trial animals and reduced underestimation and overestimation of efficacy. However, a protocol similar to the 48 h test but with a 24 or 36 h post-treatment period should be investigated. The mean egg count peaked 18-24 h after treatment and samples taken at that time would provide the best estimate of prevalence. The Cornell-Wisconsin centrifugal flotation technique had a specificity of 100% and at 18 and 24 h its sensitivity was 94%. A brief discussion on critical and controlled tests for assessing efficacy of an anthelmintic for A. perfoliata is presented.     

正交法优选中药复方“加味白头翁散”

为了筛选中药复方“加味白头翁散”有效部位的最佳提取工艺,以提取物有效部位的浸膏得率与对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration ,MBC）为综合考察指标,采用单因素试验,初选出适宜的溶媒浓度;采用正交试验对提取工艺中的料液比（A）、提取次数（B）、提取时间/次（C）、乙醇浓度（D）四个因素进行优选研究。中药复方“加味白头翁散”有效部位的最佳提取方法为回流提取,最优组合为：A3B3C1D2,即料液比为1:10,提取次数为3次,0.5 h/次,60%乙醇浓度。在该工艺条件下进行提取,中药复方有效部位的浸膏得率在24%左右,对临床分离致病大肠杆菌MIC和MBC值均为15.625 mg生药/mL。     

Extension of fresh-cut “Blanquilla” pear (Pyrus communis L.) shelf-life by 1-MCP treatment after harvest

‘Blanquilla’ pears processed as fresh-cut products are highly sensitive to browning and softening. Common postharvest methods, such as the use of antibrowning compounds and/or modified atmosphere packaging, fail to preserve ‘Blanquilla’ pear slices long enough to be marketable. However, treatment with 1-MCP before cutting and peeling considerably improved their textural properties (9.2 N vs. 1.1 N with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and color (a* values of 1 vs. 5 after 15 d at 4 °C, for slices pear treated with 1-MCP and without treatment, respectively). These positive changes were closely related to a decrease in respiratory activity determined on whole pears after 3 months of storage in air at 0 ± 1 °C and 95% R.H. (0.40 ± 0.05 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 0.77 ± 0.04 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and ethylene production (1.18 ± 0.36 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 5.751 ± 1.12 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for samples treated with and without 1-MCP, respectively). The use of 1-MCP allows fresh-cut ‘Blanquilla’ pears to be sold up to about 5 d after processing. Treatment with 1-MCP could be a viable alternative to common technologies for extending the shelf-life of ‘Blanquilla’ pears as a fresh-cut product.     

Removal of Oxytetracycline in Water by Improved UV Disinfection Process

The removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water by UV, UV/TiO2, UV/Zeolite, and UV/Composite photocatalyst with different ratio was investigated respectively with a 32W low voltage mercury lamp. The effects of composite photocatalyst concentration, initial OTC concentration and pH value on degradation were also investigated. It was shown that the UV/Composite photocatalyst with 10% TiO2 and 90% Zeolite was an effective one to remove OTC in water. And in a solution with 50 mg/L OTC in ultrapure water the OTC was removed by 99% within 120 min with the help of 300 mg/L composite photocatalyst. The degradation of OTC by UV/Composite photocatalyst was little influenced by its initial concentration, but influenced by its initial pH. In the environment with pH+2~10, the OTC was removed by more than 95% within 120 min with the help of UV/Composite photocatalyst, when the pH is above 10, the removal rate is rapidly decreased.      

不同吸附剂对生物质气化焦油去除效果的影响

[目的]研究有效去除生物质气化焦油的方法。[方法]选用不同的吸附剂,比较吸附剂去除生物质气化焦油的去除效果。[结果]结果表明,锯末吸附法具有原料经济易得、操作方便、吸附率高等优点,有较高的实用价值和推广应用性。[结论]该研究结果为有效地去除生物质气化焦油提供理论指导。