发情期蓝狐卵泡发育的显微结构观察

[目的]对发情期蓝狐卵巢的组织结构和卵泡发育过程的变化进行研究。[方法]采集发情期蓝狐的左侧卵巢共计10枚,利用光学显微镜对卵巢的组织结构和卵泡的发育过程进行观察,同时利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术分别对30个原始卵泡3、0个初级卵泡、15个生长卵泡、15个囊状卵泡、15个成熟卵泡及各级卵泡中的卵母细胞进行测量和拍照。[结果]蓝狐卵巢由生殖上皮、白膜、皮质和髓质构成。皮质内分布着大量的间质细胞及不同发育阶段的卵泡,位于卵巢的外周;髓质位于皮质下层,分布着较多的血管。卵泡发育过程中,各级卵泡和卵母细胞的直径差异较大（卵泡为45.45～974.55μm,卵母细胞为30.23～147.27μm）,在初级卵泡阶段出现透明带物质。卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞的皱缩,细胞核固缩;颗粒细胞松散、退化。[结论]为揭示雌性蓝狐的生殖机理提供了组织学依据。     

寒地冬小麦不同品种越冬期组织结构的差异

冻害在冬小麦越冬期间能影响小麦的生长发育,并导致减产甚至绝产。为深入了解冬小麦的抗寒机制,通过调查统计以及显微观察,比较了冬小麦不同抗寒性品种东农冬麦1号(强冬性)、Nostar(半冬性)和济麦22(弱冬性)在黑龙江等高寒地区越冬期间分蘖节形态结构和显微结构的差异。结果表明,具有不同枯死度、返青率的冬小麦品种的生活习性、冬前分蘖、叶距、叶宽和分蘖节维管束的分布比例皆存在显著性差异。东农冬麦1号冬前分蘖数、返青率、分蘖节维管束分布比例较高,枯死度、叶距、叶宽较小,生长锥下方的15层细胞较小,组织结构紧密,生长锥外形为敦胖形;东农冬麦1号和Nostar在越冬前维管束组织较完整,济麦22的维管束呈现破损。东农冬麦1号返青率与冬前分蘖数、维管束比例呈极显著正相关,而与其他指标呈显著负相关。     

长期施肥对紫色土土壤微形态特征的影响(英文)

[目的]通过对紫色土长期定位施肥下不同施肥处理 0~20 cm 耕层土壤微形态特征变化的研究,探讨施肥对紫色土微形态的影响。[方法]试验采用随机区组设计,共设 8 个不同施肥处理。用单偏光显微镜对不同处理的 0~20 cm 耕层土壤微形态进行观察与分析。[结果]长期不施肥料的 CK 处理,土壤耕层结构致密,很少有孔隙发育,土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状-沙粒聚积状;长期单施化学肥料,土壤颗粒未形成结构体,少孔隙,土壤微结构主要为斑晶胶凝状-细沙粒聚积状结构,土壤结构比 CK 处理优;长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理,土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加,结构疏松,孔隙量大,动、植物残体丰富,有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育,土壤微结构类型以 MNPK 处理(有机肥+氮肥+磷肥+钾肥)最好,为胶凝紧实状-多孔状结构。[结论]有机无机肥料配施能显著改良紫色土的结构,培肥土壤,实现土壤可持续发展。     

小麦抗寒性研究进展

本文主要从显微结构、生理及抗寒基因等方面对小麦抗寒研究进展进行了概述,针对现在研究中的局限性提出了看法和对未来研究的展望。     

大豆矮化突变体苗期表型观察及对外源激素的响应

以‘菏豆12'及其~(60)CO-γ射线诱导矮化突变体为材料,研究突变体的第一复叶叶柄长度、苗期株高、叶柄显微结构,利用4种外源激素处理根系,初步探查突变基因的类型。结果表明:该突变体叶柄比野生型短,株高矮,整体紧凑。叶柄横切观察发现,该突变体木质部细胞及髓细胞直径变小。根系对6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)非常敏感,对油菜素内酯(BR)无应答,表明该突变体可能是BR信号转导出现障碍,后续目标基因发掘应围绕BR信号转导途径的相关基因展开。矮化短叶柄突变体在大豆理想株型改造与大豆分子育种中可能具有潜在利用价值。     

香蕉叶表面特征及浸润性机理研究

【目的】研究香蕉树冠层不同时期蕉叶的正、反面润湿行为,以期为农药雾滴在蕉叶表面滞留调控机制提供依据。【方法】采用接触角测量仪表征蕉叶表面的静态润湿性能;利用高速摄像机记录液滴在蕉叶表面的动态润湿行为;使用场发射扫描电镜对蕉叶表面进行微观形貌观察获取表面结构信息,并借助傅立叶红外光谱仪分析其表面化学成分;基于Wenzel和Cassie润湿理论构建蕉叶表面微观结构模型,建立润湿方程阐述其润湿机理。【结果】扫描电镜发现蕉叶正面呈现微米-纳米级双层复合结构,在微米级突起结构上布满了纳米级乳突结构,分布为4.6个/μm²,条状突起宽度为(16.03±3.48)μm,乳突平均直径为(0.116±0.068)μm,蕉叶背面微米级条状突起结构尺寸大于正面,宽度为(74.25±9.80)μm,纳米级结构上呈现出网状突起,宽度为(2.35±0.49)μm,蕉叶背面的润湿性普遍大于正面的;在不同生长时期的蕉叶中,剑叶正面表现出亲水性,静态接触角(Contact angle,CA)为71.46°±6.02°,而其他时期的蕉叶正、反面均表现出弱疏水性,表明嫩叶正面具有更强的润湿和铺展能力;...     

东北梅花鹿卵泡闭锁的显微结构观察

为探索东北梅花鹿卵泡闭锁的规律,试验利用光学显微镜对6只发情期东北梅花鹿卵巢上的各级闭锁卵泡进行了观察,并利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术进行测量和拍照。观察结果表明：卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞和卵泡细胞的形态变化。有两种形式：Ⅰ型表现为卵母细胞首先出现退行性变化,为原始卵泡、初级卵泡和次级卵泡的主要闭锁形式;Ⅱ型表现为卵泡细胞首先出现核致密化,胞质空泡化瓦解,分为早期、中期和后期3个阶段,在三级卵泡的闭锁中常见。     

Measurement of the uptake of linseed oil in pine by the use of an X-ray microdensitometry technique

Pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) was impregnated with linseed oil to three levels of uptake. The distribution of the penetrant was found by taking microdensity measurements of an impregnated sample and then using an ethanol extraction procedure to remove the linseed oil. A second set of X-ray measurements at identical locations in the same sample allowed the linseed oil to be indirectly mapped. An uneven distribution of linseed oil in the specimens with the lowest uptake (25% increase in weight) was seen as sharp gradients in the densitometry curves. With increased filling by the linseed oil, these gradients were gradually smoothed. Microstructural changes in specimens with high uptake were revealed using scanning electron microscopy. Through a combination of X-ray microdensitometry investigation and changes observed in the wood's mechanical properties and morphology, it was concluded that liquid flow during impregnation results in significant damage to the cell structure.     

MICROSTRUCTURE OF FEATHER OF RED CROWNED CRANE (GRUS JAPONENSIS)

lNTR0DUCTIONFeathersarethemostc0mplexcuticularderivativesoftheintegumentofbirds.Theirdifferentpartsdisplayanenormousvarietyofmodifications.Thisdifferencenotonlyshot`-sonthemorphology0ffeathcrs,butals0,moresignificantly,ontheirmicrostructtires.Themacroscopicandmicroscopicdifferencesintl1emorphologyandstructUreoffeathersaredifferentforvariousclassificationgroups,andeveryclassificationgrouphasitscharacteristicfeathersmictUres,eveninasPeciesofbird,therearedifferenttyPcsoffeatl1ers.Allthesepr…     

Effect of protease treatment on the baking quality of brown rice bread: From textural and rheological properties to biochemistry and microstructure

In this study, protease treatment of brown rice (BR) batters was investigated in order to evaluate its impact on the textural and baking properties of BR bread. The enzymatic treatment improved bread quality by significantly increasing specific volume (p < 0.05), while decreasing crumb hardness and chewiness (p < 0.05). Fundamental rheology and viscometry of batters revealed that protein hydrolysis induced lower complex modulus and initial viscosity, while phase angle was unaffected. Flour pasting properties were also affected, with a significant decrease in paste viscosity and breakdown (p < 0.05). Protein analysis of batters revealed that the enzymatic treatment induced the release of low molecular weight proteins from macromolecular protein complexes. In conclusion, a lower resistance to deformation of batters during proofing and in the early stages of baking as well as the preserved batter elasticity and the increased paste stability positively affected the breadmaking performance.