饲料亚麻酸含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲料亚麻酸(ALA)含量对大规格鲈鱼生长性能、抗氧化指标和血清生化指标的影响,以确定大规格鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量。通过在基础饲料中添加苏子油,制成ALA含量分别为饲料干重0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18%、4.12%和5.08%的6种等氮等脂的试验饲料。将上述试验饲料投喂初始体重为(207.77±0.64)g的鲈鱼,每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾鱼,养殖周期为12周。结果表明:1)特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)随饲料ALA含量的升高均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且SGR和FE均在2.03%ALA组有最大值,同时2.03%与3.18%ALA组的SGR和FE差异不显著(P0.05);肝体指数(HSI)与脏体指数(VSI)均在5.08%ALA组达到最大值,且显著高于0.06%ALA组(P0.05);存活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)在各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。2)随着饲料中ALA含量的升高,鱼体粗蛋白质含量表现为逐渐下降的趋势,粗脂肪含量呈现增加趋势,4.12%和5.08%ALA组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于0.06%ALA组(P0.05),而4.12%和5.08%ALA组鱼体粗脂肪含量则显著高于0.06%、0.99%、2.03%、3.18%ALA组(P0.05);不同组之间鱼体的水分与粗灰分含量无显著差异(P0.05)。3)2.03%ALA组血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与3.18%ALA组无显著差异(P0.05),但显著高于0.06%与5.08%ALA组(P0.05)。2.03%、3.18%ALA组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于0.06%和5.08%ALA组(P0.05);同时,肝脏中MDA含量在2.03%ALA组达到最低,除与3.18%ALA组无显著差异(P0.05)外,显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。4)血清中谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性均在2.03%ALA组最低,且显著低于0.06%与5.08%ALA组(P0.05);血清中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量在4.12%ALA组有最大值,且显著高于0.06%ALA组(P0.05);随着饲料中ALA含量的升高,血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量呈先升高后降低趋势,2.03%、3.18%、4.12%ALA组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中适宜含量(2.03%~3.18%)的ALA能够促进大规格鲈鱼的生长,提高抗氧化能力与肝脏健康水平;以SGR与FE作为评价指标,经二次曲线回归分析得出体重为207.77~406.94 g的鲈鱼饲料中ALA的适宜含量分别为饲料干重的2.53%和2.72%。     

花鲈无公害淡水健康养殖技术

介绍了花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)无公害淡水养殖的环境要求、苗种选择与培育、成鱼池塘养殖及病害防治技术等。     

花鲈白细胞介素8基因的克隆与序列分析

采用同源克隆和末端快速扩增(RACE)的方法,从经LPS刺激的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)总RNA反转录产物中获得了803 bp的IL-8 cDNA序列。该序列包含159 bp的5′非编码区(UTR)和359 bp的3′非编码区(UTR)以及297 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),可编码99个氨基酸。序列的3′UTR含2个mRNA不稳定基序,在Poly A尾上游17 bp处有1个明确的Poly A加尾信号(AATAA)。预测的氨基酸结构含27个氨基酸组成的信号肽,将信号肽切除可产生72个氨基酸组成的成熟肽,预测成熟肽的分子量约为8.3 kD,等电点为7.85。花鲈IL-8序列中用于形成二硫键的4个半胱氨酸保守,前2个半胱氨酸被1个精氨酸分开,形成CXC结构。与其他鱼类的IL-8相似,花鲈IL-8序列中也缺乏哺乳类中存在的ELR基序,而含有ELH结构。进化分析显示,花鲈IL-8与从鱼类和哺乳类分离的IL-8有不同程度的同源性,与硬骨鱼黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)和牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)的进化关系最近,其次为软骨鱼类,与无颌类和哺乳类的分化较大;而哺乳类的ELR结构可能为IL-8在进化过程中特化而成的结构,以加强IL-8特异性的趋化能力。     

鲈鱼骨营养价值的分析与评价

对体质量为712·4~979·6 g的鲈Lateolabrax japonicus鱼骨进行了常规成分和氨基酸含量检测。结果表明：鲈鱼骨粗蛋白质含量为24·00%(干基),粗灰分含量为33·28%(湿基),粗脂肪含量为3·67%(湿基),是一种高矿物质、低脂肪的蛋白原料;鲈鱼骨氨基酸种类齐全,其中羟脯氨酸含量较高(1·499%),胶原蛋白含量比较丰富;鲈鱼骨中必需氨基酸(1260·6 mg/g N)和鲜味氨基酸含量(9·972%)丰富,必需氨基酸含量超过WHO推荐的成人氨基酸需要量,氨基酸支/芳值为2·34。研究表明,鲈鱼骨营养价值较高,有待于进一步开发利用。     

花[鱼骨]的两性异形和雌体繁殖输出

测定了花（鱼骨）成体的两性异形和雌体繁殖输出.结果表明,两性成体的体长差异不显著.特定体长的怀卵雌性个体的体高显著大于产后雌体和成年雄体,产后雌体的头宽、头高、尾柄长、尾柄高大于怀卵雌性和成年雄性,产后雌体的尾鳍长、腹鳍臀鳍间距则相对较小,其它局部形态特征不存在显著的两性差异.主成分分析（Eigenvalue≥1）发现,前三个主成分共解释57.7%的变异.头长、腹鳍基前距在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数,头宽、尾柄长、尾柄高在第二主成分有较高的正负载系数,眼间距在第三主成分有较高的正负载系数.第一和第二主成分分值的组间差异显著,第三主成分分值组间差异不显著.花（鱼骨）雌体通过个体大小的增加和腹部形态的改变增加繁殖输出.     

感染鳗弧菌对花鲈非特异性免疫功能的影响

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是海水鱼常见的一种细菌性病。以A 组：1*10⁶ cfu/mL、B组：1*10⁷ cfu/mL、C组：1*10⁸ cfu/mL 3组不同浓度的鳗弧菌菌液通过腹腔注射感染花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）,在其感染后不同时间取血,通过测定呼吸爆发、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、酚氧化酶(PO)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化趋势来研究感染鳗弧菌对花鲈的非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明：呼吸爆发在鳗弧菌感染12 h、36 h时,B组和C组与对照组比较极显著下降(P<0.01);PO活性,在鳗弧菌感染12 h、36 h、60 h、84 h、108 h时,A组、B组、C组与对照组比较差异极显著下降(P<0.01);ALP活性,在鳗弧菌感染60 h时,A组、B组、C组与对照组比较差异极显著下降(P<0.01);ACP活性,在60 h、84 h、108 h时,A组、B组、C组与对照组比较差异显著升高(P<0.05);SOD活性,在鳗弧菌感染12 h、36 h、60 h、84 h、108 h时,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。此外,在半致死的实验中,鳗弧菌浓度为1*10⁶ cfu/mL、1*10⁷ cfu/mL 、1*10⁸ cfu/mL的实验组的50%的致死时间分别为12 d、11 d、8 d,对照组则无死亡。结果表明:在感染期间,实验组鱼表现出特定的症状,如尾鳍溃烂、鳃丝发白、内部有黄色粘稠腹水等;鳗弧菌浓度越高,达到50%的致死时间越早,花鲈的死亡率和鳗弧菌的浓度成正相关。     

Effect of probiotic on reproductive performance in female livebearing ornamental fish

A probiotic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), was incorporated in fish feed at four different concentrations (5 × 10⁸ cells g⁻², 5 × 10⁷ cells g⁻², 5 × 10⁶cells g⁻¹ and 5 × 10⁵ cells g⁻¹) and fed to four species of livebearing ornamental fish, Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) for one year duration to observe the effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on their reproductive performance. Sixty virgin females of each species were stocked separately in circular FRP tanks (350 L) and fed diets with varying levels of probiotic cells and control feed. Broodstock performance was evaluated based on gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity and fry production of female broodstock. The results showed that supplementation of feed with probiotics increased significantly (P<0.05) the GSI, fecundity and fry production of spawning females and length and weight of fry in all the four species of fish. The number of dead and deformed fry were also significantly lower (P<0.05) in fish fed with the probiotic feeds. The use of higher concentration of the probiont in diet did not always lead to significantly improved reproductive performance of the spawners. Collectively, this study showed that female livebearers benefit from inclusion of probiotics in diet during their reproductive stages.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因向花鲈胚胎的转移及其表达

通过显微注射的方法,将绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因注射入花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)单细胞期受精卵动物极细胞质内。初步研究了显微注射后的花鲈胚胎的存活状况。在荧光显微镜下观察到了GFP的表达,多数胚胎表现为嵌合性表达。利用PCR技术,从花鲈尾芽期胚胎DNA中扩增出了特异片段,大小为750bp,表明显微注射胚胎中整合了外源GFP基因。     

花鲈人工育苗技术

从养殖网箱中选择性发育良好的 4龄鱼为亲体 ,经室内暂养培育、激素催产 ,获受精卵 4 0 5× 10 5粒 ,孵出仔鱼 30 1× 10 5尾。在水温 18 0～ 2 0 0℃ ,pH值 8 1～ 8 6 ,盐度 2 2～ 2 3条件下 ,经 6 0～ 70d的培育 ,共出池全长2 5cm左右的鱼苗 8 0 5× 10 5尾 ,育苗成活率 2 6 7%。     

The ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy affects accumulation and depuration of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) raised in a recirculated aquaculture system

Actinobacteria and cyanobacteria accounted for less than 1% of total of bacteria in water in a recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) during a 15-week feeding trial with 0.11-g Japanese seabass. Resulting concentration of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in RAS water was 169 and 45 ng L^?1, sufficient to produce strong off-flavour. The seabass were fed diets with 42%, 45% and 49% protein, and each protein level was supplemented with 15% or 18% lipid. Accumulation of off-flavours was independent of diet in fatty ventral tissue. Dietary protein significantly reduced off-flavours in lean, dorsal tissue. This was mainly rationalized by linear reduction in 2-MIB in response to increasing DP/DE and a strong, 2nd degree polynomial response in geosmin. The ratio between geosmin and 2-MIB was slightly higher at the beginning of a 10-day period with clean water and fasting, than what was observed throughout depuration. 2-MIB remained between 0.2 and 1 µg kg^?1 in dorsal tissue throughout depuration. Geosmin in ventral tissue ranged from 10 to more than 30 µg kg^?1at the termination of the feeding period and was reduced to a range from 6 to 20 µg kg^?1 by depuration.