The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

Copper in the terrestrial environment: Verification of a laboratory-derived terrestrial biotic ligand model to predict earthworm mortality with toxicity observed in field soils

This study was set up for validation of a regression model to predict mortality in the terrestrial earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa following exposure to copper. This model was derived from a terrestrial biotic ligand model and incorporates the protective effects of H⁺ and Na⁺ on copper toxicity.Three soil sets were used for the experiments, all of which had a different copper contamination history over more than 20 years and were considered to be aged field soils. The soils were characterized by analysis of various copper pools in the solid phase and in the pore water, analysis of physical and chemical soil properties and by regression analysis. Measured and calculated copper activities (expressed as pCu) correlated reasonably well. Measured copper activities correlated with the total copper concentration in the pore water and the pH. The organic matter in the solid phase had no influence on the pCu in these soil sets.Earthworms were exposed to the soils for 28 days, after which survival was scored. Observed earthworm mortality after 28-days exposure was plotted as a function of the log-transformed difference between predicted (log₁₀ transformed) LC50-values and measured values of pCu for validation of the regression model. The results obtained were in agreement with the assumption that mortality is to be observed in those soils where the predicted LC50 exceeds the measured pCu. However, a structural underestimation of toxicity was apparent, which is most likely due to mixture effects related to the presence of additional substances in field soils. Nevertheless, the trend of the results in the validation tests demonstrates that the newly developed toxicity model is a useful tool in predicting lethality of copper contamination to earthworms in field soils.     

三种兽药对蚯蚓的急性毒性试验

用滤纸接触法、人工土壤法和自然土壤法3种方法研究了洛克沙胂、氯霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶3种兽药对安德爱胜蚓(EiseniaAndrei)的急性毒性。结果表明,用滤纸接触法测得的3种兽药对蚯蚓的LC50分别为:洛克沙胂5.50g·kg-1、氯霉素5.40g·kg-1、磺胺二甲嘧啶13.32g·kg-1;用人工土壤法测得的3种兽药对蚯蚓的LC50分别为:洛克沙胂3.23g·kg-1土壤、氯霉素1.67g·kg-1土壤、磺胺二甲嘧啶4.68g·kg-1土壤;用自然土壤法测得的三种兽药对蚯蚓的LC50分别为:洛克沙胂3.45g·kg-1土壤、氯霉素2.44g·kg-1土壤、磺胺二甲嘧啶5.33g·kg-1土壤。3种兽药对蚯蚓的急性毒性都较低。     

四种重金属对罗氏沼虾仔虾的毒性作用

探讨了Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd四种重金属离子对罗氏沼虾仔虾的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 、Cr(Ⅵ )、Cd2 + 对仔虾的 96hLC50 分别为 0 .46 2mg/L、0 .5 80mg/L、0 .114mg/L、0 .0 15mg/L ;急性毒性由强至弱依次为 :Cd2 + >Cr(Ⅵ ) >Cu2 + >Zn2 + ;Cu2 + 和Zn2 + 、Zn2 + 和Cd2 + 对罗氏沼虾仔虾的联合作用表现为拮抗 ,Cu2 + 和Cd2 + 、Cu2 + 和Cr6+ 、Zn2 + 和Cr(Ⅵ )则为协同作用。     

四种中药对结肠小袋虫半数致死浓度的测定

利用机率单位法测定了常山、五倍子、乌梅和二花水提取物对结肠小袋虫的半数致死浓度.结果表明,常山、五倍子、乌梅和二花抗结肠小袋虫2h半数致死浓度(LC50)分别是13.40、12.22、19.02、43.34g/L;6 h的LC50分别是12.80、5.824、7.619、23.32 g/L;12 h的LC50分别是8....     

沈阳地区小菜蛾对五种常用杀剂的抗性测定

选用5种常用药剂(阿维菌素、Bt、高效氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈和多杀菌素)对沈阳地区小菜蛾进行了抗性监测.结果表明:沈阳地区小菜蛾品系对5种常用药剂均有不同程度的抗性,对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性水平最高,LC50达到201.683 μg/mL;而对氟虫腈的抗性水平最低,LC50仅为0.139 μg/mL;对Bt、阿维菌素、多杀菌素抗性水平较低,LC50分别为0.327、6.296、0.514μg/mL.     

液相色谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法测定荔枝中萘乙酸农药残留量

采用液相色谱要串联质谱法(LC/MS/MS)对荔枝中萘乙酸农药残留进行检测研究。结果表明:利用乙腈对荔枝(果肉、皮)中萘乙酸的提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,在LC/MS/MS上进行检测,荔枝中萘乙酸的回收率在86.8豫耀95.2豫之间,相对标准偏差为0.9豫耀3.1豫。该方法操作简便快递、准确可靠、重现性好。     

线虫 Caenorhabditis elegans在甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)中的毒性实验

基于C．elegans这种非寄生线虫,在生物遗传变异研究中的重要性与必要性,同时EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)这种生态毒物,常用来作为生物实验中的诱变试剂,二者常常被同时选择作为生物基因遗传领域研究的对象。为定量了解EMS对线虫C．elegans的毒性作用,设计本实验,通过线虫的培养、线虫在EMS溶液中24h暴露、实验结果观察和分析这三个步骤,经过反复实验,摸索实验条件,进行浓度优化,从大量的数据汇总得到了其LC50的数值。为进一步对C．elegans的生物、生态、基因、遗传研究提供了良好的基础。也为通过线虫的生物理解来破解我们人类对自己物种的生物理解做前期的工作。     

Characterisation of protein and antigen variability among Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) and Mycoplasma agalactiae field strains by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) (Mmm LC) and Mycoplasma agalactiae are the most important mycoplasma species involved in the contagious agalactia syndrome. A total of 25 field strains from Spain and the two type strains were analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Two polyclonal antisera (PAbs) raised against a pool of strains of each mycoplasma species were used. The results revealed a high degree of protein variability among the field strains. The type strain of Mmm LC appeared to be representative of the field strains of this species, whereas this was not the case with the M. agalactiae type strain. Whereas M. agalactiae is known to possess a gene family regulating surface antigen diversity, there is a need to study the mechanisms used byMmm LC to generate antigenic variability in more detail.     

5种杀虫剂对紫薇长斑蚜的毒杀效果研究

本试验在室内测定了5种杀虫剂对紫薇长斑蚜的毒力,试验结果表明,田笑20%阿维·杀微乳剂和农地乐52.25%乳油防效较好,致死中量LC50分别为5.6697×10-5μg/L和7.9480×10-5μg/L;2.5%溴氰菊酯乳剂次之,LC50为1.4025×10-1μg/L;而赛波凯10%乳油和2.5%蚜虱一扫光乳剂防效最差.选取室内致死率为85%以上的农药倍数,用于室外试验,结果表明,5种杀虫剂防效由强到弱依次为:田笑20%阿维·杀微乳剂1 250倍液,致死率为88.89%;农地乐52.25%乳油1 250倍液,致死率为86.67%;2.5%溴氰菊酯乳剂1 250倍液,致死率为83.33%;赛波凯10%乳油1 000倍液,致死率为78.89%;2.5%蚜虱一扫光乳剂1 000倍液,致死率为75.56%.