Deep hooking,landing success and gear loss using inline and offset circle and J hooks when bait fishing for white sturgeon

The issue of deep hooking is of concern in white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, fisheries because nearly all anglers use bait with a stationary presentation on the river bottom to catch them, and bait fishing is often associated with higher instances of deep hooking and hooking mortality. Deep hooking rates, landing success and catch rates were investigated for anglers bait fishing for white sturgeon using circle and J hooks with inline and offset alignments fished with both active and passive hook‐setting methods. Anglers hooked 578 white sturgeon and landed 508 fish, ranging in size from 60 to 316 cm total length (mean = 137 cm). Deep hooking rates averaged 0.6% and did not differ between hook types, hook alignments or hook‐setting methods. Landing success (the proportion of hooked sturgeon that were successfully landed) and catch rates were also equivalent between hook types, hook alignments and hook‐setting methods; landing success averaged 88% and catch rates averaged 0.27 fish/hr. Results of this study indicate that deep hooking is rare when angling for white sturgeon using standard bait‐fishing gear regardless of hook‐setting method or whether circle or J hooks were used; regulations restricting hook type in sturgeon bait fisheries are therefore unwarranted.     

天鹅绒竹的观赏价值及其应用前景

本文对新近在中国福建南部发现的竹亚科单竹属一种新的观赏竹——天鹅绒竹的观赏价值及应用前景进行了分析和报道。     

川滇竹类新植物

本文报道了产于四川、云南的竹类二新种及一新组合。新种是屏山方竹和翼箨箭竹;新组合是落叶箭竹。     

南海黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacores)摄食习性及其随生长发育的变化及其随生长发育的变化

基于2012-2013年在我国南海水域调查获得的黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacores)生物学基础性数据,利用传统胃含物分析方法并结合碳、氮稳定同位素技术对黄鳍金枪鱼摄食习性进行了研究.结果显示,南海黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成包括鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuth is oualaniensis)、枪乌贼属(Uroteuthis)、乌贼属(Sepia)、圆鲹属(Decapterus)、蛇鲭属(Gempylus)、帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)、日本乌鲂(Bramajaponica)、燕鳐属(Cypselurus)、甲壳类动物及不可辨别鱼类等饵料类群,其中,鸢乌贼(IRI=51.07％)、圆鲹属(IRI=39.81％)及不可辨别鱼类(IRI=6.62％)为主要饵料食物.黄鳍金枪鱼的空胃率、平均饱满指数和食物组成都有明显的月变化(P＜0.05).空胃率随叉长组变化呈较明显的上升趋势,各叉长组之间空胃率变化显著(P＜0.05);平均饱满指数随叉长变化较大.当叉长组为130-160 cm时,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H在0.50-1.18之间变化,Pielou均匀度指数J在0.10-0.32之间.基于氮稳定同位素计算的黄鳍金枪鱼各叉长组的平均营养级为3.54.     

鸡J亚群白血病病毒与网状内皮增殖病病毒混合感染发病机理的研究

通过人工感染建立了ALV—J、REV单独感染和混合感染1日龄肉仔鸡的病理模型。初步研究表明混合感染使试验鸡的生长发育障碍、免疫器官萎缩、对细菌易感性及死亡率等指标显著升高。 动态病理学研究表明：REV感染主要引起骨髓网状细胞及淋巴样细胞弥漫性或灶状浸润,ALV—J感染主要引起骨髓髓系细胞灶状或弥漫性显著增生,混合感染时骨髓病变与REV感染基本一致,但相对较严重,并见ALV—J感染病变。各病毒感染组免疫器官均发生了严重的实质萎缩性病变,病变以混合感染组最重,REV组次之。在某些组织器官ALV—J组见嗜酸性粒细胞样的瘤细胞浸润增生,REV组见网状细胞及淋巴细胞样瘤细胞浸润增生,而混合感染组见以上两种瘤细胞增生。从混合感染组的病变来看,在致病性上ALV—J与REV之间的确存在明显的协同促进作用,导致机体的免疫抑制加重,但混合感染早期尚未发现REV对ALV—J致瘤的促进作用。     

鸡IFIT5对J亚群禽白血病病毒在DF-1细胞内复制的影响

【目的】制备鸡干扰素诱导蛋白含三角形四肽重复5(IFIT5)多克隆抗体,以探究IFIT5对J型禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)在鸡胚成纤维细胞(DF-1)内复制的影响。【方法】以感染ALV-J的鸡脾脏组织细胞提取的RNA反转录获得的cDNA作为模板,对IFIT5基因进行PCR扩增,利用重组酶将纯化后的PCR产物和线性化载体进行连接,构建重组质粒pET-28a-IFIT5和pcDNA5-flag-IFIT5并测序。将测序正确的重组质粒pET-28a-IFIT5转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞进行诱导表达,表达的融合蛋白His-IFIT5纯化后免疫6周龄BALB/c雌鼠制备多克隆抗体,通过Western blotting鉴定抗体的特异性,利用间接ELISA测定抗体的效价。将测序正确的重组质粒pcDNA5-flag-IFIT5转染DF-1细胞,24 h后接种ALV-J,通过Western blotting检测DF-1细胞中过表达IFIT5对ALV-J复制的影响。【结果】试验成功扩增到大小为1 440 bp的IFIT5基因,并成功构建重组质粒pET-28a-IFIT5和pcDNA5-flag-IFIT...     

Antibacterial Meroterpenoids,Merochlorins G–J from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp.

Four new chlorinated meroterpenoids, merochlorins G−J (1−4), and 10, a dihydronaphthalenedione precursor, along with known merochlorins A (5) and C−F (6−9), were obtained from cultivation of the bacterium strain Streptomyces sp. CNH-189, which was isolated from marine sediment. The planar structures of compounds 1−4 and 10 were elucidated by interpretation of MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of compounds 1−4 were determined via analysis of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopic data, after which their absolute configurations were established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of compounds 1−4 to those of previously reported possible enantiomer models and DP4 calculations. Compound 3 displayed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 1, 2, and 2 μg/mL, respectively, whereas compound 1 exhibited weak antibacterial effects on these three strains, with a 16−32 μg/mL MIC value range.     

低山丘陵岗地齿叶山杨引种研究

本文介绍了齿叶山杨、响叶杨、毛白杨、山杨在长江中游丘陵岗地的物候期、林木高生长节律。调查了造林成活率、12 a 生林木保存率、速生性及林分的抗病抗虫性。研究了小×大叶杨、齿叶山杨杂交种(株系)在高海拔(1 500 m)地区的抗病性和速生性。