海蜇的药用与食用价值研究进展

综述了海蜇的药用价值、药理作用、营养价值、食品加工和食用方法的研究、利用现状:提出了有待解决的问题和今后研究与资源利用的方向,展望了海蜇食品与医药产业的发展前景.     

水稻巨大胚突变体MH-ge1的萌发生理研究

[目的]探讨水稻巨大胚突变体的萌发生理,为富含功能性成分的水稻新品种开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]研究巨大胚突变体MH-ge1及其野生型MH86在种子萌发过程中GABA及其他主要营养成分、相关酶活性的动态变化规律。[结果]与MH86相比,巨胚突变体MH-ge1的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等均明显降低;淀粉酶活性较低,蛋白和脂肪含量较高;浸种后,突变体与野生型的GABA含量均迅速升高。[结论]巨大胚突变体发芽势较差,发芽率较低;巨大胚突变体发芽糙米GABA的富集与胚的大小基本成倍数关系。     

水母的综合利用

水母是海洋中广泛分布,具有丰富价值的大型浮游生物。随着人类对海洋的不断开发,人们日趋认识到水母的价值,但相关文献数量的不足反映我们对于水母的研究力度仍有欠缺,研究者对于水母的应用前景还缺乏一个全面的认识。本文详尽阐述水母食用、医用、科研、观赏多方面价值,为研究者们进一步开发利用水母资源提供思路及方向。     

秦岭大熊猫主食竹氨基酸含量的测定及营养评价

[目的]进一步了解秦岭大熊猫的营养需要。[方法]采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定秦岭山系中的巴山木竹、秦岭箭竹和龙头竹3种大熊猫主食竹中氨基酸的组成与含量,并对其进行营养评价。[结果]结果表明,样品经酸水解处理,含有17种氨基酸,营养丰富,包含大熊猫必需的8种氨基酸。竹样中谷氨酸含量最高,其次为天冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸和丝氨酸,半胱氨酸含量最低。竹叶中除半胱氨酸含量低于竹杆外,其余所有氨基酸含量都显著高于竹杆。氨基酸配比合理,高于WHO/FAO提出的参考蛋白质标准,可以为秦岭大熊猫日常生理活动提供质量较好的蛋白来源。[结论]该研究为秦岭大熊猫食物资源的保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。     

秦岭大熊猫栖息地生态环境特征的初步研究

为进一步保护秦岭大熊猫这一独特种群,对秦岭太白、老县城、观音山3个大熊猫保护区栖息地的气候、土壤和水文等生态因子特征进行了深入的调查分析研究。结果表明:秦岭大熊猫栖息地的气候特征、土壤理化性质、水文水质特征在3个保护区的表现均呈现出一定的差异性;在垂直方向上,3个保护区的生态特征随着海拔变化的差异性均比较显著;秦岭气候温和,土壤条件复杂,水质良好,为各种植物的生长提供了优越的自然环境条件,从而进一步为大熊猫种群繁衍和发展提供了有力的保障。     

Age and growth of a fire prone Tasmanian temperate old-growth forest stand dominated by Eucalyptus regnans, the world's tallest angiosperm

Forests are key components of the global carbon cycle, with deforestation being an important driver of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Temperate old-growth forests have some of the highest above ground stores of carbon of any forest types on Earth. Unlike tropical forests, the ecology of many temperate forests is dominated by episodic disturbance, such as high intensity fire. An exemplar of a particularly carbon dense temperate forest system adapted to infrequent catastrophic fires is the Eucalyptus regnans forests of south eastern Australia. Knowledge of the growth and longevity of old-growth trees is crucial to understanding the carbon balance and fire regimes of these forest systems. In an old-growth E. regnans stand in the Styx Valley in southern Tasmania we used dendrochronological techniques and radiocarbon dating to determine the age and stem growth of E. regnans and Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, an understorey rainforest conifer. Our analysis revealed that an even-aged cohort of E. regnans and P. aspleniifolius established in 1490–1510AD, apparently after a stand-replacing fire. The stem growth rates of E. regnans in the first 100 years were very rapid compared to the co-occurring P. aspleniifolius. That the longevity of E. regnans is >500 years challenges the suggested 350–450 year timeframe proposed for the widely held model of succession from eucalypt to rainforest. These forests not only have the potential to store vast amounts of carbon, but can also maintain these high carbon densities for a long period of time. Estimates of the capacity of these forests to sequester and store carbon should explicitly consider past harvesting and fire regimes and the potential increases in the risk of fire associated with climate change.     

大熊猫义母育幼培驯一例

亲代抚育对于圈养大熊猫幼仔个体行为的发育具有重要意义。而现实中存在一些无母幼崽,为实现对无母幼崽的亲代抚育,对参试母兽分别采用由幼仔模型、实体、尿液和乳汁这些信号组成的多种刺激方式,进行代亲抚育培驯。培驯的结果表明：采用无母幼仔模型、尿液、乳汁等多种信号的刺激,可使受驯母兽熟悉并接受该幼仔,达到义母育幼目的。     

The Bright Side of Gelatinous Blooms: Nutraceutical Value and Antioxidant Properties of Three Mediterranean Jellyfish (Scyphozoa)

Jellyfish are recorded with increasing frequency and magnitude in many coastal areas and several species display biological features comparable to the most popular Asiatic edible jellyfish. The biochemical and antioxidant properties of wild gelatinous biomasses, in terms of nutritional and nutraceutical values, are still largely unexplored. In this paper, three of the most abundant and commonly recorded jellyfish species (Aurelia sp.1, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Mediterranean Sea were subject to investigation. A sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of jellyfish proteins was set up by pepsin and collagenase treatments of jellyfish samples after aqueous or hydroalcoholic protein extraction. The content and composition of proteins, amino acids, phenolics, and fatty acids of the three species were recorded and compared. Protein content (mainly represented by collagen) up to 40% of jellyfish dry weight were found in two of the three jellyfish species (C. tuberculata and R. pulmo), whereas the presence of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher in the zooxanthellate jellyfish C. tuberculata only. Remarkable antioxidant ability was also recorded from both proteinaceous and non proteinaceous extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions in all the three species. The abundance of collagen, peptides and other bioactive molecules make these Mediterranean gelatinous biomasses a largely untapped source of natural compounds of nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmacological interest.     

不同栽培方式对粳型巨胚稻产量与品质的影响

用粳型巨胚稻新品系西巨胚1号为试验对象,以常规粳稻合系22-2作对照,采用淹水、旱种和垄畦等三种栽培方式进行种植,研究不同栽培方式对粳型巨胚稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明：巨胚稻的穗粒数和有效穗受栽培方式的影响较大,与产量的相关性大,采用垄畦栽培可以获得比淹水和旱作都高的产量;栽培方式对巨胚稻米的外观形状、糙米率、蛋白质和直链淀粉含量等影响不大,但对垩白粒率和垩白面积影响较大。因此,在巨胚稻生产过程中建议采用垄畦栽培以获得最大产量和最优品质。