野化培训大熊猫夜宿地结构特征的初步观察

2004年3～9月,我们对卧龙自然保护区核桃坪基地野化培训大熊猫个体＂祥祥＂的夜宿地组成结构进行了初步观察,并采用主成分分析（PCA）对471组夜宿地数据所涉及的7种结构因子（廊道、竹林、余竹堆、岩石、乔木、倒木、灌草丛）进行了统计分析。结果表明：在大熊猫＂祥祥＂的夜宿地结构中,＂廊道＂、＂竹林＂和＂乔木＂是最主要的3个因子。经单因素方差分析检验表明,在对地势的选择中,＂祥祥＂偏爱坡度5°～30°的缓坡竹林（P〈0.01）;环境温度增加是造成＂祥祥＂选择在树上休息的主要原因（P〈0.05）;在拐棍竹发笋期,随着活动的增加,夜宿地数量明显增多（P〈0.01）。观察结果反映出＂祥祥＂对自然环境的主动适应,对夜宿地的分析研究结果对今后的野化培训选址和培训方式提供了有益启示。     

芦竹苯酚液化工艺的研究

[目的]优化芦竹的苯酚液化工艺。[方法]研究了芦竹在硫酸催化下苯酚液化时料液比(苯酚与芦竹质量比)、硫酸用量、反应温度、反应时间对芦竹苯酚液化残渣率的影响,通过傅立叶红外光谱分析了液化产物及残渣的结构。[结果]料液比对芦竹的苯酚液化影响较大;随着料液比及硫酸用量的增加残渣率明显降低;反应温度的升高有利于液化反应的进行,但到一定温度后残渣率变化不明显;液化反应主要在反应初期进行,随着时间的延长,液化效率变化不大。当料液比为3∶1,催化剂用量为6%,反应温度为160℃时,反应1.5 h可将芦竹较好的液化,液化残渣率达4.93%,液化效率达95%以上。[结论]液化后芦竹组分与苯酚发生化学反应,反应活性增强。     

莱州湾海蜇人工育苗技术的研究

通过３年莱州湾海蜇人工育苗和放流试验，对育苗设施，亲蜇采捕，运输和暂养技术，对产卵孵化，对浮浪幼虫、螅状幼体、碟状体的培育技术，对足囊繁殖和横裂生殖习性以及出苗放流方法进行了研究，１９９５年７月专家鉴定认为，本技术在国内外尚无先例，在国内达到先进水平，其中检验海蜇放流增殖效果的方法属国内首例。     

海蜇资源的开发利用

海蜇在我国沿海均有分布,自古即为我国人民开发利用。但其资源变动大,产量极不稳定。合理规定并严格执行开捕期是保护资源的重要措施、渔政部门应加强管理。海区水域盐度是海蜇生长的必要条件。海蜇加工应做到三矾提干,保质像量;在国际市场上严格掌握出口规格,做好外销包装,提高增收创汇效益。     

峨眉山和神农架地区森林环境与野生大熊猫栖息地特征的比较

本文通过自然地理环境、竹类分布特征以及植被中植物区系的属分布区类型的比较,分析了现今野生大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）分布区域与原有大熊猫分布的峨眉山以及大熊猫早已绝迹的神农架自然保护区的差异.结果表明：峨眉山属于大熊猫分布区域,而神农架的地理经度超出了大熊猫分布区域,其它环境因子与野生大熊猫分布地区无显著性差异（p＞0.05）;竹子种类也分布有大熊猫喜食的中小径竹;同时植物区系的属分布区类型之间没有明显的差异,森林植被的垂直分布格局极为相似.因此,造成大熊猫现在在峨眉山和神农架地区没有自然分布可能是历史上社会经济的不断发展和人为干扰程度的增加等综合作用的结果.     

Evaluation of strobilurins,acibenzolar and other chemicals,alone and in spray programs for the control of yellow Sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) of bananas in far northern Queensland,Australia

Abstract

Several chemicals including the strobilurins (trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and DPX KZ 165), a plant activator (acibenzolar), the triazoles (propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6475) and tridemorph, spiroxamine, pyrimethanil, fenarimol and various formulations of mancozeb were evaluated in three field experiments in northern Queensland, Australia for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana (caused by Mycosphaerella musicola). In all experiments, the strobilurins used alone or in spray programs with mancozeb and acibenzolar were as effective or better than the industry standards mancozeb and propiconazole. Acibenzolar used in spray programs with mancozeb significantly improved the control of Sigatoka compared to mancozeb alone. The triazoles, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6476 used alone and tebuconazole in a spray program with mancozeb were as effective as the industry standard propiconazole. Tridemorph, pyrimethanil and spiroxamine were as effective as the industry standard mancozeb, and fenarimol failed to effectively control the disease. In 2004, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole were registered for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana.     

陕西秦岭山区人工养殖大鲵肌肉中无机污染物含量分析

[目的]对陕西秦岭山区人工养殖大鲵肌肉中重金属进行测定。[方法]样品用硝酸-高氯酸混合液进行消解处理,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光法测定Pb、Cd、As、Hg的含量。[结果]人工养殖大鲵肌肉中Pb、Cd、As为未检出,Hg含量为0.023mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.7%。[结论]经国家标准物质验证,方法准确度和精密度可满足检测,样品测定结果真实,Pb、Cd、As、Hg的含量符合国家食品安全卫生标准要求。     

饲养天蚕温度与幼虫生长发育的研究

采用20℃、25℃和30℃,稚蚕1-3龄期,相对湿度70％,大蚕4～5龄期,相对湿度75％,饲养天蚕幼虫,探讨天蚕幼虫在不同温度下的食叶量、消化量以及消化率,对天蚕幼虫的生长发育速度以及茧质等方面进行试验调查。结果表明：25℃区的各项指标优于30℃区和20℃区。5龄期叶丝转化率,雌、雄平均茧层率25℃区8．0％〉30℃区7．5％〉20区6．7％。可确认适宜的饲养温度：1-3龄的稚蚕为25℃～28℃,湿度70％;4～5龄的大蚕为22℃-24℃,湿度为75％。     

Jellyfish Collagen: A Biocompatible Collagen Source for 3D Scaffold Fabrication and Enhanced Chondrogenicity

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease leading to degeneration of articular cartilage, causing morbidity in approximately 8.5 million of the UK population. As the dense extracellular matrix of articular cartilage is primarily composed of collagen, cartilage repair strategies have exploited the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of bovine and porcine collagen to produce robust scaffolds for procedures such as matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI). However, mammalian sourced collagens pose safety risks such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and possible transmission of viral vectors. This study characterised a non-mammalian jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) collagen as an alternative, safer source in scaffold production for clinical use. Jellyfish collagen demonstrated comparable scaffold structural properties and stability when compared to mammalian collagen. Jellyfish collagen also displayed comparable immunogenic responses (platelet and leukocyte activation/cell death) and cytokine release profile in comparison to mammalian collagen in vitro. Further histological analysis of jellyfish collagen revealed bovine chondroprogenitor cell invasion and proliferation in the scaffold structures, where the scaffold supported enhanced chondrogenesis in the presence of TGFβ1. This study highlights the potential of jellyfish collagen as a safe and biocompatible biomaterial for both OA repair and further regenerative medicine applications.     

巨型红掌茎尖组织培养及快繁技术的研究

[目的]建立巨型红掌组织快繁体系。[方法]以巨型红掌基部侧芽为外植体,消毒后,接种到舍有不同浓度激素的MS培养基上,培养60d后,从中筛选出分化率最高的培养基;组培苗经过生根培养后,平均长有3-4条根时,移栽到不同的栽植基质上,从中筛选出移栽成活率最高的基质。[结果]培养基配方为6-BA3．0mg／L＋Kr0．3mg/L＋NAA0．3mg／L时,巨型红掌的分化率最高,光照强度和时间分别为2000lx和12h／d时,巨型红掌的分化效果最好,每个侧芽分化芽数达4～5个。培养基配方为1／2MS＋IBA2．0mg/L＋NAA0．2mg/L时,巨型红掌的生根率最高,达95.8％。草炭土＋蛭石（1：1）栽培基质中,巨型红掌组培苗生长良好,移栽成活率达87．0％。[结论]研究建立的巨型红掌组织快繁体系可为红掌规模化生产种植提供技术支撑。