杂交早稻纹枯病抗性鉴定研究

通过三年多点试验,共鉴定早杂组合３６个,明确了当前江西省大面积种植的早杂组合“协优４９”、“优Ⅰ华联２号”、“协优华联２号”均表现出明显的相对抗性（与常规早稻品种相比）,病情指数均低于３０,且组合之间差异不大,具有中抗性质。文末还就杂交早稻对纹枯病的抗性机制及其利用进行了讨论。     

水稻内生细菌B196的鉴定及其对水稻纹枯病的防治作用

从水稻体内分离得到的细菌菌株B196对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的生长有较强抑制作用.通过形态学和生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株B196鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium.采用浸种和喷雾的方法将菌株B196接种到水稻植株后,均能在稻株体内回收到该菌株,表明菌株B196能在水稻体内定殖.菌株B196对水稻纹枯病的盆栽和田间防效分别为64.29%和55.13%.     

First record of the little fire ant,Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Chinese mainland

In January 2022, we received ant specimens collected from three field colonies from Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China. They were identified as the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, through morphological and molecular analyses. Wasmannia auropunctata is listed as one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and has spread from its native range in South America to every continent except Antarctica. DNA analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in nine specimens of W. auropunctata found that they had a close genetic relationship with specimens from Argentina. This study represents the first formal record of the establishment of W. auropunctata outdoor in Chinese mainland. However, the invasion stage and occurrence degree of W. auropunctata in China are not clear to date. The implementation of quarantine measures, investigation of the occurrence and distribution, and development of monitoring and control strategies are needed to actively respond to the threat posed by this highly invasive ant.     

棉花数量性状遗传与QTL定位研究进展

棉花许多重要的性状多为数量性状。现代分子生物技术的发展为植物数量性状基因的定位、分离等研究提供了条件。从数量性状基因座(QTL)作图群体类型及其特点,QTL定位方法,QTL精细定位、克隆、利用等方面进行了综述,并对今后QTL研究进行了展望。     

Erwinia pyrifoliae, an Erwinia species different from Erwinia amylovora, causes a necrotic disease of Asian pear trees

Bacteria from necrotic branches of Asian pear trees ( Pyrus pyrifolia ) in Korea were consistently isolated as white colonies on nutrient agar and formed mucoid, slightly yellow colonies on a minimal medium with copper sulphate. Isolates with this colony morphology were studied in a series of microbiological, molecular and pathological tests. Most isolates allowed the verification of Koch's postulate on P. pyrifolia seedlings and on slices from immature pear ( Pyrus communis ) fruits and were also positive in hypersensitivity tests on tobacco leaves. They showed characteristics common to species in the genus Erwinia , but were different from Erwinia amylovora , the agent of fire blight. A relationship between the novel pathogen and E. amylovora was found in microbiological and serological tests. Both organisms had similar but not identical protein patterns in 2-D gel electrophoresis, and in growth morphology the new pathogen produced colonies on MM2 Cu medium that were mucoid and slightly yellow, compared with the clearly yellow colonies of E. amylovora . No similarity was found in the plasmid profiles, and consequently no PCR signal was obtained with primers from the E. amylovora plasmid pEA29. REP-PCR also produced bands differing for the two organisms.     

北方棉区棉花黄萎病菌落叶型菌系鉴定

 采用RAPD扩增与温室致病性测定2种方法,以黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae的5个落叶型、7个非落叶型菌系和V.albo-atrum的2个菌系为对照,对采自北方棉区6省(自治区)的34个棉花黄萎病菌菌系进行致病型鉴定。94.1%的菌系在2种鉴定结果中表现一致,与对照菌系相比较,确定其中26个菌系为落叶型菌系,6个菌系为非落叶型菌系。从而证实了黄萎病菌落叶型菌系在北方棉区河北、河南、山东3省的存在,并发现所确定的26个北方落叶型菌系中的22个与来自美国的对照落叶型菌系T₉、V₄₄的关系比与来自江苏的对照落叶型菌系V_B、V₉₉₁的关系更近。本实验还初步筛选到2条用于鉴别V.dahliae落叶型与非落叶型菌系的RAPD特异条带OPB-19₉₆₆和OPM-20₁₆₉₁,将它们用于对34个北方菌系的RAPD扩增鉴定,则与温室致病性测定结果的一致性分别为88.2%和94.1%,证明这2条特异条带在鉴定棉花黄萎病菌落叶型菌系上具有一定的实用价值,并为进一步制作特异探针以形成一套简便、准确、规范化的鉴定技术奠定了基础。     

海南省1株甲属虫媒病毒的分离鉴定及其血清抗体调查

1995 年,从海南省捕获的蚊虫标本中,分离到1 株病毒,编号为HYM1。该病毒以脑内感染的方式感染2～3 日龄乳鼠及3 周龄小鼠,感染后2～4 d 规律致死。在Vero-E6 细胞组织培养中可增殖,并可产生明显的病变。经理化和生物学鉴定,该病毒对酸、乙醚均敏感,抵抗5-氟脱氧尿苷和胰酶,属RNA 病毒。血清学鉴定表明,该病毒与马雅罗病毒(MAY)抗原性关系密切。从当地人血清中检到了HYM1 病毒抗体,其阳性率为3.99% 。     

小型渔船单拖网技术

通过对５９ＫＷ以下小型渔船单拖网的网具设计,网板设计及捕捞 技术经验的总结,论 北方海域单拖的网具特点,网板参数选择,以及同双拖网生产对比情况,并提出了该技术在实际生产中的改进意见。     

大豆对疫霉根腐病抗病性鉴定方法

应用下胚轴伤口接种方法鉴定８５份大豆种质对大豆疫霉菌１号生理小种的抗病性,在两次鉴定中有９５．２９％的大豆品种（系）表现一致的抗病或感病反应。本方法所获鉴定结果稳定可靠,利用注射器接种可以极大地提高工作效率,建议作为我国鉴定大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性的基本方法。