鱼鳞制胶及其综合利用

鱼鳞很适合提取优质胶。通过酸碱水解和酶促水解的比较，得出酶解工艺更适合鱼鳞制胶，并确定了酶解的最佳条件。鱼鳞胶的应用非常广泛，其副产品也可以利用。     

兰州百合鳞茎再生繁殖体系的建立

[目的]建立兰州百合鳞茎快繁体系,并测定丛芽与鳞茎的淀粉含量,为系统研究兰州百合鳞茎离体再生过程中淀粉的代谢奠定基础.[方法]以兰州百合鳞片为外植体,探讨不同消毒剂组合、激素与蔗糖用量对鳞茎诱导培养过程的影响.[结果]随着75％乙醇（10～30 s）与0.1％升汞消毒时间（7～10min）的延长,外植体鳞片污染数不断下降,但诱导芽数表现为先上升后下降的趋势,以75％乙醇消毒30 s＋0.1％升汞消毒10 min组合的消毒效果最好,外植体污染率和芽诱导率分别为12.33％和91.00％.使用1000倍多菌灵处理10 min后,再使用75％乙醇30 s ＋0.1％升汞7～13 min组合进行消毒,可明显降低鳞片污染率3.00％～5.00％（绝对值）.在MS＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂培养基中添加6-BA 0.5～1.0 mg/L,可显著提高平均芽诱导数;在MS＋5.0 g/L琼脂培养基中添加30.0～60.0 g/L蔗糖,对外植体芽诱导无明显影响;培养基MS＋1.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂是外植体芽诱导的最适培养基.MS＋0.50 mg/L 6-BA＋0.03 mg/L NAA＋30.0 g/L蔗糖＋5.0 g/L琼脂为适宜增殖培养基,芽增殖系数达最高,为3.67.在MS培养基中添加60.0～90.0 g/L蔗糖可明显促进鳞茎的形成,以添加90.0 g/L蔗糖处理的鳞茎重量最高（99.30mg）.小鳞茎的淀粉质量分数比丛芽增加62.34％.[结论]以鳞片为外植体建立的兰州百合鳞茎再生繁殖体系具有可行性;在丛芽至小鳞茎形成阶段淀粉含量明显升高,小鳞茎的形成与淀粉含量升高密切相关.     

鱼类精氨酸营养生理研究进展

精氨酸为鱼类的必需氨基酸之一，其在鱼体内参与蛋白质、多胺的合成，促进生长；精氨酸具有促内分泌作用；精氨酸可在体内生成一氧化氮，一氧化氮参与鱼类心血管活动、免疫功能的调节。某些鱼类可能具有自身精氨酸的合成能力。鱼类赖氨酸一精氨酸拮抗存在种问差异。本研究从精氨酸的合成、生理功能、与赖氨酸的关系以及需求量等方面对鱼类精氨酸的营养生理研究进行了综述。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：679-685]     

布氏哲罗鲑年龄与生长的初步研究

本文根据鳞片生长环纹的计数,并同鳞片、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨等上的年轮相对照,对4龄内的布氏哲罗娃的年龄与生长进行了研究。其结果摘要如下:(1)布氏哲罗鲑鳞片上的环纹随年龄而变化:每月长出二圈生长环线。鳞片上具有明显的“切割”年轮特征;脊椎骨、鳃盖骨上具有明带与暗带(线)形成的年龄特征。(2)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长在年龄上的回归方程为L=189.9468t+26.7934(r=0.991,df=35);体重年龄的回归方程为W=6.2451.e~(21219t)(r=0.978,df=35);鳞片半径与年龄的回归方程为R=0.7425t—0.1596(r=0.980,df=35);体重和体长的回归方程为W=6.7717357×10~(-6)L~(3.0740)(r=0.999,df=35);体长与鳞片半径的回归方程为L=251.0540R+71.2288(r=0.991,df=35)。(3)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长平均年增长为189.95mm;并随年龄增大而下降;生长常数、生长指标、肥满度系数等随年龄增大而增大。     

转基因鱼研究及商品化展望

目前,转基因技术是农业和医药行业的研究热门。自1985年,世界上第一批转基因鱼诞生后,鱼类基因转移技术很快应用到培育高产、优质和抗逆的经济鱼类新品种,并在解决分子生物学、发育生物学和基因转移等方面的难题中发挥着重要作用。近几年,“全鱼”生长激素（GH）基因的克隆与应用,使快速生长转GH基因鱼的研究取得了突破性进展,但仍需要解决转移基因的定位整合、稳定表达和遗传,以及转基因鱼释放的生态和食品安全性等问题。     

Shrimp and fish pond soils: processes and management

The pond bottom soil and the accumulated sediments are integral parts of ponds. Concentrations of nutrients, organic matter and microorganism density in the pond bottom are several orders of magnitude greater than in the water. The accumulation of organic sediments may limit pond intensification. The intensive organic matter degradation at the pond bottom and high sediment oxygen demand exceeds the oxygen renewal rate. This leads to the development of anoxic conditions in the sediments and at the sediment–water interface. A series of anaerobic processes, affected by the redox potential of the system, are taking place. A large number of potentially toxic materials are generated. Among those are organic acids, reduced organic sulfur compounds, reduced manganese and sulfides.

Shrimp, as animals that normally live on or near the bottom, are exposed to conditions on the pond bottom. Exposure to toxic materials endanger the well being of the cultured shrimp. Reduced feeding, slower growth, mortality and possibly higher sensitivity to disease are reported.

The rational use of aerators to minimize the area of sludge accumulation, construction of ponds to trap sludge, stirring sediments, chemical poising of the redox system and environmentally accepted treatment and reuse of drained sediments are means to control the conditions at the pond bottom.     

Growth, digestibility and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed different dietary soybean oil levels

A shortage of marine raw ingredients, such as fish oil, is predicted in the near future. The use of suitable alternative lipid sources, such as vegetable oils, is crucial for sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector. Three isonitrogenous (50% Crude Protein) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g⁻¹) diets, in which fish oil was gradually replaced by soybean oil (0, 25 and 50% of the oil fraction) were tested for 12 weeks, using European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. No dietary effects (p>0.05) on growth performance, feed conversion, digestibility or body composition were observed with either species. The results obtained suggest the inclusion of soybean oil up to 50% of the dietary lipid is possible, in diets for sea bass and/or rainbow trout juveniles.     

Guidance of groups of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to allow sorting by computer vision

Prior to marketing, ornamental tropical fish are currently sorted, graded and counted manually; a process that is labor intensive, stressful to fish and inaccurate. Manipulation of fish movements at our will is a key element in the development of a device for automatically sorting, grading and counting fish by a computer vision system, and the present study is one step towards the development of such a fish-friendly sorting device. The positive phototactic and rheotactic innate responses of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exploited to induce them to swim through transparent pipes or narrow channels, to render them ready for inspection by a computer vision system. Water flow direction and velocity, water level, and illumination were effective in inducing fish to move from one container into the other via a narrow transparent pipe. It was attempted to separate guppies moving in groups into individually spaced fish, by introducing an obstacle into a narrow channel or narrowing the transparent pipe.     

Kurokura Solution as Immobilizing Medium for Spermatozoa of Tench (Tinca tinca L.)

This study tested KUROKURA solution (Kurokura et al., 1984, Aquaculture 37, 267–274) and its modifications (by increasing NaCl content to 160, 180 and 200 mM) on immobilizing properties for sampling and short-term preservation of potential motility of tench spermatozoa. The immobilizing solution is used because, when collected, the sperm of most samples is contaminated by urine, causing spermatozoa to be of poor quality, with low motilities and velocities (almost 0), thus resulting in a worsened fertilization and hatching rate. Sperm was sampled with a syringe containing an immobilizing solution (IS), allowing an IS:sperm ratio of 2:1, under aerobic conditions at 0–4°C. This sperm solution was stored for 10 h and untreated sperm was collected prior to fertilization as a control. Spermatozoa quality was evaluated for the cell motility and velocity parameters and also for fertilization ability and hatching rate. Results obtained for tench sperm motility, velocity, fertilization and hatching rate showed that only sperm collected in the various immobilizing solutions can be successfully used for artificial insemination and preservation after 10 h at 0–4°C. The best immobilizing solution was found to be KUROKURA 180 (180 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 1.36 mM CaCl₂· 2H₂O and 2.38 mM NaHCO₃), giving a fertility and hatching rate of 41%, with no change in rates after 10 h storage of sperm. Control sperm without immobilizing solution showed a fertilization and hatching rate of only 6–7%.     

淡水鲳对九种常用鱼药的敏感性试验

本文报告了敌百虫、孔雀石绿、硝酸亚汞、漂白粉、呋喃唑酮、生石灰和食盐等常用鱼药对淡水鲳的安金浓度依次为0.028ppm、0.0312ppm、0.0865ppm、0.699ppm、16.22 ppm、19.5 ppm、1040 ppm。淡水鲳分别在亚甲基蓝2.1 ppm,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)5.6ppm药液中浸浴240小时,未见异常反应。