盘锦地区水稻肥料效应函数法推荐施肥模型研究

研究结合辽宁省测土配方施肥工作,于2006年、2007年在盘锦地区布置多点"3414"水稻肥料试验。对产量数据的回归分析,分别建立了各点产量数据与施肥量的三元二次和一元二次效应模型,再采用边际分析法求得最佳施肥量。对两种模型施肥量推荐效果进行比较,可知三元二次函数推荐值偏离实际,应用时必须以一元二次方程为补充,并结合当地生产实际和土测值。最后,综合提出了盘锦地区水稻生产的最佳施肥量:氮肥(N)270～315kghm-2,磷肥(P2O5)75～120kghm-2,钾肥(K2O)0～75kghm-2,此时,可获产量为8250～9750kghm-2。研究认为,在区域施肥效应模型的综合建立中,产量平均值回归法优于回归系数平均法。对于区域性肥料效应模型的拟合方法还有待于进一步研究。     

不同施肥配方对水稻产量及品质的影响

试验结果表明,施肥对产量的效应表现为:氮肥>磷肥>硅肥>钾肥>酵素菌叶面肥。多种肥料配合使用要比单一使用氮肥和两种肥料配合使用提高产量,改善稻米品质。     

精准施肥技术推广实践与探讨

本文介绍了精准施肥技术及其在田东县的推广概况,指出了在精准施肥技术推广过程中存在的主要问题,并对建立健全精准施肥技术推广体系进行了探讨。     

江汉平原杨树人工林的施肥方式

对江汉平原新造杨树人工林进行了连续3a的施肥方式研究。试验共设不施肥,3月份一次四点穴施,6月份一次四点穴施,3、6月份各半四点穴施(深25cm),3、6、8月份各1／3四点穴施,3、6月份各半圈施,3、6月份各半四点穴施(深50cm)等7个处理。试验结束时调查各处理杨树株高、胸径,并计算材积量。结果表明：每年6月一次四点穴施对杨树树高、胸径和材积生长的促进作用最明显,其它方式效果一般,而3月份一次性施肥效果最差,且与不施肥间无明显差异。     

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Soil Microbial Biomass and Functional Diversity

Abstract

Optimal water and nutrient treatment effects on soil mi-crobial characteristics, including microbial functional diversity and mi-crobial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were assessed at a loblolly pine plantation on a Sandhills site after 6 years of continuous fertilization and irrigation. Fertilization significantly increased soil C and N and microbial C and N. Irrigation significantly increased soil C and N, and microbial C. Fertilization, irrigation, and their interaction changed soil microbial selection of carbon compounds, but did not influence the numbers of carbon compounds utilized by soil microbes, as measured by the BIOLOG method suggesting that soil microbial species may have changed. The increases in soil microbial biomass and soil C and N indicate that the fertilization and irrigation treatments have had a positive effect on soil productivity on this very sandy site.     

Evaluation of Zona Pellucida Function for Sperm Penetration During In Vitro Fertilization in Pigs

In porcine oocytes, the function of the zona pellucida (ZP) with regard to sperm penetration or prevention of polyspermy is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ZP on sperm penetration during in vitro fertilization (IVF). We collected in vitro-matured oocytes with a first polar body (ZP+ oocytes). Some of them were freed from the ZP (ZP− oocytes) by two treatments (pronase and mechanical pipetting), and the effects of these treatments on sperm penetration parameters (sperm penetration rate and numbers of penetrated sperm per oocyte) were evaluated. There was no evident difference in the parameters between the two groups. Secondly, we compared the sperm penetration parameters of ZP+ and ZP− oocytes using frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa from four boars. Sperm penetration into ZP+ oocytes was found to be accelerated relative to ZP− oocytes. Thirdly, we evaluated the sperm penetration of ZP+ and ZP− oocytes at 1−10 h after IVF (3 h gamete co-incubation). The proportions of oocytes penetrated by sperm increased significantly with time in both groups; however, the number of penetrated sperm per oocyte did not increase in ZP− oocytes. Finally, we performed IVF using ZP− oocytes divided into control (3 h) and prolonged gamete co-incubation (5 h) groups. Greater numbers of sperm penetrated in the 5 h group than in the control group. These results suggest that the ZP and oolemma are not competent factors for prevention of polyspermy in our present porcine IVF system. However, it appears that ZP removal is one of the possibilities for reducing polyspermic penetration in vitro in pigs.     

新平县烟区土壤养分状况与评价

[目的]为了摸清新平县烟区土壤的养分状况,指导农户科学施肥.[方法]对烟区土壤进行取样,分析土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、有效锰、有效锌含量.[结果]60.1％的土壤偏酸,42.55％的土壤有机质含量偏低,38.01％的土壤碱解氮缺乏,36.11％的土壤缺磷,19.06％的土壤缺钾,36.7％的土壤缺硫,6.38％的土壤缺镁,83.51％的土壤缺硼,17.02％的土壤缺锰,60.11％的土壤缺锌.[结论]要重视土壤酸碱度的调节,增施有机肥,施用中微量元素肥.     

施肥对半夏生长·产量和质量的影响研究

[目的]研究施肥对半夏生长状况、产量和质量的影响,为半夏的规范化栽培提供依据。[方法]试验主要针对过磷酸钙的施肥水平进行研究,按施肥量和用种量的配比设4个处理,收获后测定产量和主要成分含量,研究不同施肥水平对半夏产量和质量的影响。[结果]施肥水平对半夏的生长影响差异不明显,对半夏质量影响差异明显。肥料1和4的半夏产量、净增重和增重率之间的差异不大,但明显高于肥料2和3;不同施肥水平半夏药材的水分、灰分、水浸物含量和总酸含量差异均不显著(P0.05),而肥料1和肥料3半夏的总生物碱含量高于其他2个处理。[结论]施用过磷酸钙对半夏产量和质量影响不明显,因此生产上不使用化肥,以农家肥作底肥就能满足半夏生长需要。     

江苏里下河地区鸭鱼共养模式研究

[目的]探讨江苏里下河地区半放养情况下鸭鱼共生比例关系。[方法]通过鸭鱼共养试验测定鸭日排粪量和鱼塘中鸭粪的施肥量,并观测正常养鸭情况下河塘水质情况和鱼的生长情况。[结果]每只鸭每天排出153g新鲜粪。鸭粪中干物质含量为44．83％,全氮含量为1．67％,全磷含量为0．92％,全钾含量为1．62％。采用鸭鱼共养模式可以提高江苏里下河地区养殖的综合效益。[结论]鸭鱼共养模式在江苏里下河地区具有较高的推广价值。