坚持科学发展观 构建本科人才培养方案

论述了新一轮本科人才培养方案修订的指导思想、基本原则、总体框架和主要特点，为进一步培养基础宽厚、能力强的高素质复合型人才奠定基础。     

新时期工业工程领域工程硕士培养模式探索与实践

在分析工业工程专业特点的基础上，针对工业工程专业工程硕士的特点，提出了新时期对工业工程领域工程硕士研究生培养质量的要求和挑战。结合重庆大学在该方面的人才培养经验。探索在新时期适合工业工程领域工程硕士的人才培养模式。     

Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer

Forty Landrace × Large White lactating sows were used to evaluate the effects of cooling of the floor when maintained under high temperature conditions during summer on their productive and reproductive performance. The sows were allocated in a completely randomized design with two treatments with 20 replicates according to parity number and body weight, with each animal being considered an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of cooling of the floor under the sow with water circulation at about 17 °C and no cooling. The resulting temperatures of the floor were 27.6 and 35.8 °C for the cooled and the control treatments, respectively. The sows from both treatments were exposed to average maximum and minimum environmental temperatures of 26.9 and 20.8 °C, respectively. Sows maintained on a cooled floor had a higher feed intake (6.47 vs. 5.61 kg/day; P < 0.01). Despite this higher intake, sows maintained on a cooled floor had higher body weight and body protein losses during the lactation period (P < 0.01) in connection with a higher milk yield and subsequent growth of the litter (2280 vs. 1798 g/day; P < 0.01). There was an effect of treatment on rectal temperature, surface temperatures and respiratory rate (P < 0.01) with lower values in sows submitted to floor cooling. It is concluded that floor cooling under the lactating sow improves its productive and reproductive performance, as well as the performance of its litter.     

微生物在秸秆饲料中的应用

大力开发秸秆资源、发展秸秆饲料是高效发展畜牧业的良好前景，但许多加工秸秆的方法不能有效地解决秸秆消化率低和可利用营养物少的问题。本文推荐3种利用微生物处理农作物秸秆的方法，事实证明饲喂效果非常理想，据此提出了未来微生物处理秸秆的主攻方向。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中三聚氰胺

采用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中三聚氰胺含量。色谱柱为Waters Xterra柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:10mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠-柠檬酸缓冲液(10∶90,V∶V),检测波长为240nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量20μL,保留时间约6.23min。三聚氰胺在1.0～50μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.99996),在添加浓度为20～100mg/kg范围内,三聚氰胺添加回收率在90%～95%,RSD小于5%。     

旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量

本文采用旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量,结果表明,硫酸新霉素浓度为1500～15000U/mL时,浓度与旋光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9996(n=6)。与微生物法相比,旋光法具有简便、快速、易操作等优点。     

Intermittent suckling improves post-weaning feed uptake but does not change functional gut characteristics of piglets

Suckling pigs were separated from their dam for 24 h on day 21 (1 × 24 h fasting, n = 10) or day 21 and 24 (2 × 24 h fasting, n = 10). Pigs in the control group (n = 10) were not fasted before weaning. All pigs were weaned on day 28 postpartum. Feed intake during the first 4 days post-weaning was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs exposed to 1 × 24 h fasting compared with controls. Water consumption was not affected by fasting prior to weaning. The difference in post-weaning feed uptake was not reflected in any clinical traits, intestinal morphology, or activity of digestive enzymes (maltase, dipeptidylpeptidase IV, aminopeptidases A and N; P > 0.15). In conclusion, a short period of fasting prior to weaning can increase post-weaning feed uptake, although this had no clinical impact under the present experimental conditions.     

饲料中维生素A水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响

本文旨在研究5种等氮等能饲料中,维生素A添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响。试验选用平均初始体重为(0.069±0.005)g的凡纳滨对虾450尾,随机分为5个处理组,每组90尾,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。试验采用单因素设计,以维生素A醋酸酯为维生素A源,用添加不同水平维生素A(添加量分别为0、18、365、4和72 mg/kg)的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾,试验期11周。结果表明:在养殖前4周,饲料中添加维生素A显著促进凡纳滨对虾的生长(P<0.05),提高其对饲料利用效率(P<0.05),而对对虾的成活率不产生显著的影响(P>0.05);第11周的结果表明,饲料中添加维生素A并不能显著影响凡纳滨对虾的生长、饲料利用效率和成活率(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P<0.05),对对虾体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血液红细胞数量的影响显著(P<0.05),饲料中未添加维生素A或过量添加(超过36 mg/kg)均导致血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血细胞总数显著下降(P<0.0 5),而对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力无显著影响(P>0.0 5)。用折线回归模型分析饲料维生素A添加量与对虾增重率的变化关系,表明在试验前4周,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A的适宜添加量为2 2.5 0 mg/kg;1 1周试验期间,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A适宜添加量为1 8 mg/kg;以溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A最适添加量为5 9.5 1 mg/kg。     

禽类采食量生理调节因子的研究进展

采食量是影响禽类生长最重要的因素之一。认识采食量的调节规律和机制,旨在更有效地调节家禽的采食量,为生产实践提供重要指导。禽类采食量的生理调节机制十分复杂,涉及许多神经通路和体液因子的调节。本文将重点介绍采食量生理调节因子。     

饲用莫能菌素的研究进展

莫能菌素是聚醚类离子载体抗生素,是目前欧盟唯一允许使用的抗生素饲料添加剂。本文通过其作用机理、畜禽生产中的添加效果及使用剂量等方面的综合论述,证明了在畜禽生产中饲用莫能菌素的可行性,并为其今后的广泛应用做了研究展望。