用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型

提出一种可用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型——LuGre轮胎模型。该动态模型不仅具有与经典稳态模型（如魔术公式）相似的稳态特性,可以方便地通过试验数据进行参数拟合和在线整定,而且能够精确捕捉汽车紧急制动过程中的瞬态特性,又由于采用微分方程形式来描述,更有利于开发高性能的电子制动控制系统来提高汽车的行驶安全性。得到了LuGre轮胎模型的基本特性,并分析了其在车辆紧急制动仿真中的稳态特性和动态特性。     

随机变量多重Weibull统计模型及参数最优估计

利用Weibull分布函数兼容性好的特点,采用混合Weibull分布模型来描述复杂随机变量分布,并按照最小二乘法原则,对统计模型参数进行最优化估计,建立复杂随机变量分布的统计模型。对某汽车发动机工作转矩统计模型的建立示例表明,多重Weibull分布适合用来表达一些复杂随机变量的统计特性,参数估计的最优化模型适用,参数优化估计过程能可靠收敛。     

螺旋离心式潜水排污泵叶轮的加工

对引进意大利技术生产的螺旋离心式水泵中的关键零件螺旋式叶轮的结构特点进行了分析，讨论了叶轮的加工工艺、夹具及工装设计对叶轮精度的影响，确定了螺旋式叶轮的加工工艺、校平衡的方法及加工中应注意的问题。     

A study of water distribution from a branch to distributary canals: A case study of Gugera Branch,Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted on Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample distributaries off taking from Gugera Branch were selected for the study. The existing conditions of water distribution among the distributaries were studied. Field data were collected during the whole of 1988. Field observations suggested that the variability at the head of distributaries is much greater than the variability in the Gugera Branch under existing operational practices. The distribution of water among the distributaries is rarely in accordance with design criteria. Some channels get priority over other channels. The annual closure period varied from 17 to 41 days for different channels. The discharge at the head of distributaries remained lower than the standard operational range for 69 to 183 days in a year. The data suggested that a regulating gate at the head of the distributary can reduce discharge variation up to 2.4 times compared with a Karrees System (wooden stop logs used for water regulation). The data indicated that the adjustments in the head gate of a distributary on daily basis can substantially improve discharge conditions at the head of distributary. Rotational schedules are not being followed as per design and need to be improved. Most of the existing head discharge relationships of discharge measuring structures are not reliable. A frequent calibration of these structures is recommended.     

Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.     

对我国征地补偿制度的若干思考

从分析我国土地征用中利益分配机制入手,基于对国内外土地征用补偿方案的对比研究,对我国土地征用中土地征用范围、征地主体、补偿对象、补偿内容等方面进行了具体分析,并提出了加快制度创新,切实保障农民利益,发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用的若干建议.     

明渠河道紊流特性试验研究

利用室内矩形水槽，精细模拟了5个工况下的槽内水流运动，借助三维超声波多普勒测速仪（ADV）量测了不同垂线、不同测点的瞬时流速。从4个角度拟合矩形断面明渠沿垂线的流速分布，并计算了测点三维相对紊动强度和雷诺应力，分析其变化特征。试验结果表明：⑴脉动流速基本符合正态分布，纵向流速沿垂线分布大体成J型，但在近水面处有稍许降低，横、垂向流速较小，在0附近徘徊；⑵通过4种公式拟合发现，对数公式d对本试验结果拟合最好；⑶横、垂向相对紊动强度比较小，而纵向要大得多，且变化幅度也较大，纵向相对紊动强度受流量和水量影响；⑷雷诺应力垂线分布基本符合三角形分布，随着流量的减少或水量的增大，雷诺应力垂线分布平均值变小。     

An entropy approach to spatial disaggregation of agricultural production

While agricultural production statistics are reported on a geopolitical – often national – basis we often need to know the status of production or productivity within specific sub-regions, watersheds, or agroecological zones. Such re-aggregations are typically made using expert judgments or simple area-weighting rules. We describe a new, entropy-based approach to making spatially disaggregated assessments of the distribution of crop production. Using this approach, tabular crop production statistics are blended judiciously with an array of other secondary data to assess the production of specific crops within individual ‘pixels’ – typically 25–100 square kilometers in size. The information utilized includes crop production statistics, farming system characteristics, satellite-derived land cover data, biophysical crop suitability assessments, and population density. An application is presented in which Brazilian state level production statistics are used to generate pixel level crop production data for eight crops. To validate the spatial allocation we aggregated the pixel estimates to obtain synthetic estimates of municipality level production in Brazil, and compared those estimates with actual municipality statistics. The approach produced extremely promising results. We then examined the robustness of these results compared to short-cut approaches to allocating crop production statistics and showed that, while computationally intensive, the cross-entropy method does provide more reliable estimates of crop production patterns.     

不同土壤水分条件下冬小麦根系分

利用2004～2005年冬小麦测坑试验资料，研究了不同土壤水分条件对冬小麦根系分布及其耗水特性的影响，并在此分析基础上，探讨了冬小麦适宜供水方案和土壤水分剖面最佳消耗形式，这对提高农田土壤水分有效利用率具有重要的意义。     

保水剂在京郊果园的应用试验研究

重点研究了果园施用保水剂后剖面土壤水分动态、果树耗水规律 ,探讨了保水剂作用下土壤水分对果树生长、果实生长发育、产量与品质的影响规律 ,同时对保水剂在山区果园的应用进行了经济可行性分析