农用运输车制动系制动力分配系数的确定

目前我国农用运输车在制动器匹配设计中存在两个主要问题：空载同步附着系数小及附着效率低。通过计算分析说明提高制动器制动力分配系数β值对解决以上两个问题是有利的，但也指出β值的提高又带来降低后轴附着重量的利用及丧失转向能力等不利影响     

茂名大放鸡海域文昌鱼分布与种群特性研究

研究表明茂名大放鸡海域的文昌鱼主要分布在东经111°10′～111°17′,北纬21°19′～21°27′区域,分布面积达195．5km2,平均资源密度为51～86尾／m2,最高达到815尾／m2,文昌鱼分布密度中心概位在小放鸡西至西北侧附近;体长结构具明显的季节变动,秋冬季节是文昌鱼的主要补充季节;性腺成熟度和性别比例在不同季节和生长阶段具有明显的差异,春季性成熟个体占的比重最高达65％;随着体长的增加文昌鱼性腺成熟度也渐次增加,体长与性腺成熟度比例成三次曲面关系;其性比随着体长增长发生明显变化,体长为35～60mm时雌雄个体性比接近1,体长大干60mm时雌性个体数量明显小于雄性;文昌鱼全年的体长体重关系方程为W=0．0012L3.32;当体长达到50mm后文昌鱼资源群体尾数减少系数为0．55／cm。     

Modelling local-scale determinants and the probability of microarthropod species occurrence in Antarctic soils

Soil fauna in the extreme conditions of Antarctica consists of a few microinvertebrate species patchily distributed at different spatial scales. Populations of the prostigmatic mite Stereotydeus belli and the collembolan Gressittacantha terranova from northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) were used as models to study the effect of soil properties on microarthropod distributions. In agreement with the general assumption that the development and distribution of life in these ecosystems is mainly controlled by abiotic factors, we found that the probability of occurrence of S. belli depends on soil moisture and texture and on the sampling period (which affects the general availability of water); surprisingly, none of the analysed variables were significantly related to the G. terranova distribution. Based on our results and literature data, we propose a theoretical model that introduces biotic interactions among the major factors driving the local distribution of collembolans in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems.     

Diversity and distribution patterns of enset landraces in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

Diversity and distribution of enset landraces (clones) were investigated in 300 randomly selected peasant households at ten different locations in the Sidama region of Ethiopia using presence-or-absence data. A total of 86 named landraces were recorded, making the region an area of remarkably high enset landrace diversity. A substantial fraction of the landraces had a restricted distribution range and low abundance while a number were moderately common with the remaining few being cosmopolitan. Regional distribution was positively correlated with local abundance, such that more widespread landraces were also typically more abundant (r = 0.78, p < .01). Landrace diversity was not evenly distributed throughout the region, the highest diversity being recorded in mountain areas (r = 0.71, p < .05). Farmers exchange planting materials extensively, resulting in a fairly high (up to 70%) coefficient of similarity among sites. Implications for the collection and conservation of enset genetic resources are discussed.     

竹腔注射吡虫啉在雷竹体内的分布动态研究

建立超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定吡虫啉含量的分析方法,并测定经竹腔注射后其在雷竹体中的分布.结果表明,竹腔注药后,吡虫啉在雷竹体内向上具体有较好的传导、分布性能,但向下不传导;竹腔注药后第8 d竹叶中吡虫啉含量达到最大值;吡虫啉在竹子体内残留期较长,注药后65 d,竹叶中吡虫啉含量为0.237μg·g-1,注药后89 d时,竹叶中依然可检测到吡虫啉存在,但含量小于0.05 μg·g-1.吡虫啉在竹子体内不向下传导特性证明该农药竹腔注射不会对竹笋的品质产生影响.     

干热河谷区紫檀与柚木生长适应性研究初探

通过引进实生苗开展栽植试验,并观测和分析苗木成活率、基径、树高和叶片净光合速率,研究了紫檀与柚木在干热河谷区的生长适应性。结果表明：紫檀可能较为适应干热河谷的气候条件,栽植早期通过人工抚育和肥料管理,可望达到较好效果;柚木的适应性较差,生长受限,人工栽植措施还有待进一步研究。     

四川桢楠生长初步分析

通过对四川盆地区域内的桢楠资源进行调查,其主要以半自然散生状态保存在＂四旁＂和寺庙,成片的人工林相对较少,而且造林成效较差。在自然状态下桢楠林分直径分布规律明显呈正态分布规律,径阶分布离散程度大。在四川盆地发展桢楠人工林时,大面积宜采用桢楠与杉木、马尾松等针叶树种混交方式,＂四旁＂栽植则采用单行或双行造林模式。     

不同耕作措施下旱作农田土壤团聚体中有机碳和全氮分布特征

以连续进行12年的保护性耕作长期定位试验为研究对象,探索了传统耕作(T)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕不覆盖(NT)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种耕作措施对陇中黄土高原旱作农田豌豆-小麦双序列轮作系统的土壤团聚体中有机碳和全氮分布特征的影响。结果表明:各处理均以≥0.25 mm团聚体为优势团聚体,且≥0.25 mm团聚体含量随土层深度增加而增加,而其他粒径团聚体含量随土层深度的变化并无明显规律。较之T处理,TS、NT、NTS处理均可提升≥0.25 mm团聚体含量和平均重量直径,NTS处理提升效果最明显。TS、NT、NTS处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量均高于T处理,其中TS、NTS处理显著高于T处理,NTS处理高于TS处理;各处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量均随土层增加而减小。较之T处理,NT、TS、NTS处理可不同程度提高各粒径团聚体中有机碳和全氮含量,NTS处理的含量最高;各粒径团聚体中有机碳和全氮含量均随土层深度增加而减小;同时,团聚体中有机碳和全氮含量随粒径减小而增加。2~5 mm和0.25~2 mm和≥5 mm团聚体含量与相应粒径团聚体有机碳含量呈极显著正相关、极显著正相关和极显著负相关;0.25~2 mm和≥5 mm团聚体含量与相应级别团聚体全氮含量分别呈极显著正相关和显著负相关。T处理不同粒径团聚体有机碳和全氮贡献率按其大小排序均为(0.25 mm)(≥5 mm)(0.25~2 mm)(2~5 mm),其他3种耕作措施各粒径团聚体有机碳和全氮贡献率在各土层中的排序各有不同,并无明显规律。     

The re-expansion and improving status of the silver-spotted skipper butterfly (Hesperia comma) in Britain: a metapopulation success story

Many specialist species are declining as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, such that conservation actions typically aim to stem rates of decline rather than bring about genuine recovery. Here, we document the recovery of a species from former population refuges. An extensive survey of the entire British range of Hesperia comma, conducted in 2000, recorded over three times the number of tetrads (2 km × 2 km grid squares) occupied in 1982. This was accompanied by a fourfold increase in the number of populations and a 10-fold increase in the habitat area occupied. The improving status of H. comma is the product of good habitat management, recovering rabbit populations and climate warming, which have improved the quality, and increased the availability, of suitable habitat. This has enabled remnant metapopulations to expand, via distance-dependent colonisation, through large networks of habitat. Metapopulation recovery in H. comma demonstrates that landscape-scale conservation can be successful.     

牡丹江林区土壤分布规律浅析

牡丹江林区土壤分布规律为由东向西地带性土壤的垂直分布特点显著,随山体自下而上的土壤分布规律为:沼泽土→草甸土→暗棕壤→棕色针叶林土→亚高山灌丛草甸土;由西南向东北土壤的水平分布也有一定的变化趋势;因受各种成土条件及人为因素制约,不同地区土壤的小区分布也各有差异。