黄柏与茶树复合经营研究

黄柏为我国传统中药材树种,茶树为我国传统饮料树种,两者均为潜山县山区林农收入的重要来源。本文介绍了黄柏与茶树复合经营模式的造林技术、经济效益与生态效益。     

苹果渣浸液培养嗜酸乳杆菌条件的研究

以苹果鲜渣为原料,利用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵其浸提液,以活菌数为主要指标,通过单因素试验和响应面分析(RSM)对发酵条件进行优化,确定嗜酸乳杆菌发酵苹果渣浸液的最佳工艺条件为:料水比为1:8～1:10,100℃浸提50～60 min,过滤,添加1.56%酵母粉,1.54%乳清粉,发酵28.14 h,活菌数可达到5.24×109 cfu/ml。     

Efficacy of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance and noxious gas emission in growing pigs

We investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics (synbiotics) on growth performance, noxious gas emission and fecal pathogenic bacteria populations in growing pigs. The basal diet, which contained approximately 25% corn, 24% whey, 12% wheat and 12% soybean meal, was supplemented alternatively with 0.15% antibiotics (US diet), prebiotics and 0.2% probiotics from anaerobic bacteria (BS diet), yeast (YS diet), mold (MS diet) or compounds (CS diet). One hundred and fifty pigs were fed an experimental diet for 15 days. Although the growth performance was not affected by supplemental synbiotics, the BS group showed higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility. The BS group decreased fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions, and increased fecal acetate gas emission compared with the US group. All synbiotics groups decreased in fecal propionate gas emission. Fecal Escherichia coli population was lower in the synbiotics groups than in the US group. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics exert similar effects with antibiotics on the nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in growing pigs. Moreover, synbiotics can also decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs.     

安疫肽、肽好、高免多糖对雏鸡免疫功能的影响试验研究

对免疫新城疫、法氏囊和处于免疫抑制状态的雏鸡使用安疫肽(Compound amino acid solution,VESPRO solution)(饮水、注射)、肽好(Immunoglobulin powder,IG powder)(饮水)、高免多糖(Astragalus Polysaccharide powder,APS powder)(饮水),测定新城疫免疫、法氏囊免疫后的各免疫学指标、抗体水平、白细胞介素产生及免疫抑制鸡群白细胞介素产生、抗体水平。结果表明,肽好组、安疫肽饮水组对脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺的发育有较显著的影响,其中安疫肽饮水使用效果最佳,高免多糖有提高法氏囊指数的作用。安疫肽、肽好、高免多糖均对提高抗体水平较好,安疫肽饮水、注射及高免多糖,均能在提高抗体水平的基础上提高整齐度。     

益生菌产表面活性剂研究进展

生物表面活性剂是由微生物代谢过程中产生的具有表面活性的生物化合物,大多具有抗细菌、真菌、支原体和病毒的特性以及抗粘附的功能。由益生菌产的生物表面活性剂,除具备上述功能,还在安全性方面具有独特优势,因此在预防和治疗某些疾病方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文针对产生物表面活性剂的益生菌的种类、筛选、产物的制备分离及应用等方面做一综述。     

砒砂岩与沙复配土生地·熟地中土壤有机碳及水稳定性团聚体含量的变化特征

[目的]探索种植对新生土壤中养分及土壤结构的影响。[方法]设置了3种不同比例砒砂岩与沙复配土,并且分别在生地和熟地两种条件下对小区内不同深度的土壤进行采样,测定有机碳含量和水稳定性团聚体质量分数。[结果]种植可以显著提高砒砂岩与沙复配土生地的有机碳含量,并且1∶2复配土的含量增加最大,其次是1∶5复配土,最后是1∶1复配土。熟地中,不同比例复配土中有机碳含量最多的是0~10 cm土层,大部分有机碳主要集中在0~20 cm土层中。生地中,3种复配土中0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量对比表现为1∶1复配土1∶2复配土1∶5复配土。熟地中,0.25mm水稳定性团聚体含量对比表现为1∶2复配土1∶5复配土1∶1复配土。3种复配土的分形维数与生地相比均有明显下降。[结论]对于砒砂岩与沙复配土这种新生土壤,种植可以显著提高土壤中的有机碳含量,改变土壤结构,改良土壤。     

复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响

[目的]研究复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响。[方法]研究选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡1600只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复。对照组喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中加入0.1%的复合酶、0.01%的植酸酶、0.1%的复合酶 0.01%的植酸酶。[结果]日增重和饲料效率试3组最好,其次是试1组,试2组第3,对照组最低(p>0.05);鸡粪尿中氮含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了10.21%、5.64%、12.04%,磷含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了2.04%、30.61%和31.63%;舍内氨含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了20.48%、13.07%和26.98%;舍内硫化氢浓度试1、2、3组分别较对照组下降了19.66%、15.10%和29.30%。[结论]复合酶和植酸酶能改善肉鸡的生产性能和减少污染物质的排放量。     

木屑复合基质在樱桃番茄上的栽培效果初报

利用来源广泛且成本低廉的木屑作为主要成分制成不同复合基质,研究其理化性质及其栽培樱 桃番茄的效果。结果表明,以木屑为主要成分制成的复合基质在总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、田间持水量及 pH等理化性质方面优于以泥炭为主要成分的复合基质(60％泥炭 20％细沙 20％珍珠岩),其中以复合 基质(60％木屑 40％煤炉渣)综合性状表现最优,另外其在栽培樱桃番茄过程中的保水保肥能力也最 强,产量表现也最佳,比对照增产30．3％,并且果实在VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖等品质指标 上与对照无显著差异,是栽培樱桃番茄较理想的复合基质。     

蒙古木蠹蛾性信息素研究

经毛细管气谱和质谱比较分析,发现蒙古木蠹蛾(Cossus mongolicus Ersch.)雌蛾产卵器及性信息素腺体漂洗液内,主要含有顺-5-12碳烯醇乙酸酯和顺-5-14碳烯醇乙酸酯两个化合物,其中只有顺-5-12碳烯醇乙酸酯能引起蒙古未蠹蛾雄蛾强烈触角电位反应,且在连续两年的林间诱捕试验中表现出显著引诱效果和防治潜力,由此证明顺-5-12碳烯辞乙酸酯是蒙古木蠹蛾性信息素的主要成分。     

Lactic acid bacteria for mink. Colonization and persistence of Enterococcus faecium Cernelle 68 in the digestive tract of mink.

A method was developed to follow a lactic acid bacterial strain, Enterococcus faecium Cernelle 68, with respect to adhesion, multiplication, colonization, and persistence in the digestive tract of mink. Also the spread of the strain in the cage was examined. When adding 5 x 10(9) c.f.u. of a rifampicin resistant mutant per kg feed, high viable counts were registered throughout the digestive tract, apart from the oesophagus. Counts were increasing in the aboral direction, suggesting some multiplication in the intestine. It was possible to detect the strain in the intestinal tract 4 days after discontinuation of administration. Neither culture nor scanning electron microscopy gave evidence to suggest that E. faecium Cernelle 68 adhered to the mucosa. The spread of the E. faecium strain was observed in the environment. Counts of E. coli, lactobacilli, staphylococci, and clostridia were low, and none of these bacteria were constant findings.