声强直接测定法在发动机故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的声强直接测定方法。根据双传声器声强测试原理，将声强传感器采集的信号交由数据采集系统完成A／D转换，经过数字滤波，计算出实时声强（时域声强），取其时间平均得到有功声强（频域声强）。根据该方法测得的发动机时域声强信号提取二次矩、四次矩以及时间二次矩，提高了发动机不同工况的特征区分度，从而提高了故障诊断的准确性和有效性。通过声强标定仪的校准，以及对发动机声强的实际测量和诊断试验，证明该方法是准确有效的。     

模型驾驶室振动辐射声的研究

运用统计能量分析（ＳＥＡ）方法，建立了结构振动能量传输的数学模型。以某拖拉机驾驶室模型为研究对象，将其分为８个子系统－－７个板件子系统和１个声学空间子系统，分析了驾驶室模型各板件之间振动能量的传输情况，计算了各振动板件的模型内部空间辐射的噪声，并用试验结果验证了计算模型与分析方法的正确性。     

Physical variability in Prince William Sound during the SEA Study (1994–98)

From 1994 to 1998, a multidisciplinary ecosystem study (the Sound Ecosystem Assessment) examined the primary physical and biological factors that influence the production of pink salmon and Pacific herring in Prince William Sound (PWS), species that experienced population declines after the 1989 Exxon‐Valdez oil spill. Three physical processes are described that influence ecosystem processes: surface layer stratification; upper layer (<100 m) circulation; and exchange between PWS and the northern Gulf of Alaska (NGOA). Stratification formed first in the PWS nearshore regions in March, and subsequently in the northern central basin in April, primarily due to freshening. The northern stratified layer and the associated zonal density front persisted at least through June, but year‐to‐year differences occurred. In spring and summer, circulation in central PWS could be either cyclonic or anticyclonic. Drifter trajectories often linked central PWS to a nearshore bay or fjord, or one bay or fjord to another. September was characterized by a cyclonic circulation and isopycnal doming in central PWS, with little year‐to‐year variability. At Hinchinbrook Entrance, a main connection with the Gulf of Alaska, alternating inflows and outflows occurred in spring over all depths. In summer through early autumn (1995), in the absence of predominantly westward winds, the dominant exchange pattern was outflow above about 150 m and inflow below. In summer through early autumn (1996–98), there was also surface (<20 m) inflow at Montague Strait (the other main entrance). Northward transport at Hinchinbrook Entrance was maximum in late autumn through winter, with inflow above ~150 m and outflow below. Westward wind events over the shelf associated with the weather cycle drove inflow events at both Hinchinbrook Entrance and Montague Strait that may result in transport of zooplankton important to the PWS ecosystem.     

Age and growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ilisha elongata</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Pristigasteridae) in Ariake Sound,Japan: comparison among populations in western North Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACT:   Elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata is a commercially important fishery resource in both Japan and China. Age and growth of the species were investigated by scale analysis from June 1996 to July 1997 in Ariake Sound, Japan. Scale annuli were formed once a year mainly between June and July. The age was 1–6 years for both male and female individuals. There was no significant difference in the regression of fork length (FL) on scale radius ( R ) between sexes by a covariance analysis. The combined sex von Bertalanffy growth equations were expressed as L _t  = 495.4 × (1 − e^{−0.3176( t  + 0.4108)}), where L _t is FL in mm at age t . Comparison of the age and growth among different populations from coastal waters in the western North Pacific Ocean suggested that the FL of the Ariake population is the smallest at each age. The spatio–temporal variations in growth are possibly relevant to environmental conditions of the growth grounds of subadults; however, there was no gradient change in the growth of I. elongata with latitude. Water temperature may not be the main factor affecting the growth of this species . The growth of the tropical population from Sarawak differs greatly from those of temperate and subtemperate populations, which implies genetic variation or phenotypic plasticity in different climate zones.     

山区种植小杂粮对生态环境的影响及对策

受自然环境制约,山区只能种植小杂粮。种植小杂粮的耕地一年中有一大半的时间裸露在风蚀雨侵中,遇风则扬沙,遇雨则径流,雨过则旱灾。而且耕地只用不养。小杂粮传统的种植方式,一是产量上不去;二是给当地的生态环境带来一定的负面影响,致使本来就十分脆弱的山区环境雪上加霜。试图在小杂粮生产过程中找寻出既小杂粮高产,又能让当地的生态环境形成良性循环,使小杂粮产区经济效益和生态效益获得双赢的对策来。     

Larval recruitment of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ariake Sound, southern Japan

ABSTRACT: The mechanisms by which catch yields of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum have decreased drastically in Kumamoto Prefecture, southern Japan, and the larval recruitment by which benthic populations of the clam are maintained were studied. Samples at different growth stages (planktonic larvae, new settlers, and small to large bivalves of the species) were collected from February 1997 to December 1998 on two tidal flats (Kawaguchi and Nameishi, 20 km distance from each other) along the eastern coast of Ariake Sound. Densities of planktonic larvae, new settlers and small bivalves were generally higher at Kawaguchi than Nameishi. The higher density of large bivalves at Kawaguchi depends on a high larval density. Larval retention mechanisms coupled with water movement at Kawaguchi, such as tidal residual currents, may be related intimately with the higher larval density at Kawaguchi. Predation by shore birds at and after recruitment may be related to the lower density of large bivalves recorded at Kawaguchi in 1998, despite larval densities being higher there.     

声频刺激对大肠杆菌生物学特性的影响

[目的]初步研究复合声频刺激对大肠杆菌生物学特性的影响作用。[方法]采用自行研制的声频发生装置,以大肠杆菌为研究对象,进行声波刺激试验。[结果]结果表明,在固定声频的情况下,随着刺激强度的增加,大肠杆菌的繁殖速率、代谢活性显著增强,并最终呈现出一种"饱和"现象;但随着刺激强度的进一步增加,大肠杆菌的生长却表现为明显的抑制效应。在声频、刺激强度一定的情况下,大肠杆菌在不同培养底物上的生长特性也表现出明显差异,其中在LB液体培养基中被明显促进,而在BPY液体培养基中则表现为抑制效应。[结论]声波刺激对大肠杆菌的生长及代谢具有显著影响。     

柴油机噪声源的声强识别方法

采用声强法对带消声器柴油机产生噪声的主要部位和零部件声辐射特性进行了识别。测试结果表明 :柴油机零部件中正时齿轮室盖、胶带轮、挺杆室侧盖板的声强级相当高 ,达到 118d B;发动机的一些覆盖件和薄壁钣金件如气门室罩盖、油底壳、消声器、正时齿轮室罩盖对噪声的贡献很大 ,这 4个零件的声功率占整机的 5 0 %以上 ,因此要降低发动机噪声首先要降低这些部件的噪声辐射。     

扫描声强法测量声功率时扫描参数的确定

以单极子、偶极子声源为例，建立了矩形测量面锯齿形扫描路径扫描声强法测量机器声功率的误差函数的数学模型，分析了矩形测量面大小、扫描测量面到声源的距离、扫描线密度对声功率测量误差的影响。根据声功率测量误差仿真曲线，给出了测量机器声功率时矩形测量面尺寸大小、测量面距声源距离、扫描线密度的确定方法。依此方法确定矩形测量面几何参数，提高了测量效率，为快速准确地测量声源的声功率奠定了基础。     

Heat stress assessment by swine related vocalizations

In intensive swine farms, stressful conditions in the climate, namely heat stress, affect animal behaviour and welfare. Pigs reared in commercial fattening housing suffer from temperature increases and from their inability to get free to refresh themselves any time they need to. The closed and dense environment further worsens this condition.