池塘中水草覆盖度对中华绒螯蟹生长的影响

为筛选青海地区池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹最佳的水草覆盖度,对中华绒螯蟹在不同水草覆盖度下的体重、成活率及生长发育情况进行了比较。结果表明,当池塘水草覆盖度在60%~80%时,有利于中华绒螯蟹的生长发育,且成活率较高,规格较大。     

The effects of vitamin E on non-specific immune response of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelodiscus sinensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on non-specific immune responses in juvenile soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Results showed that blood cell phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity were significantly improved in turtles from two diets (250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation), while had no significant improvement in turtles from the three remaining diets (50, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation) when compared to turtles from the control group. Serum bacteriolytic activity in turtles from diets with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation were higher than activity levels quantified for the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation diet and the control diet. The results suggest that vitamin E has an upper and lower threshold for improving non-specific immune function in soft-shelled turtles, and the optimal supplementation may be between 250 and 500 mg/kg.     

孵卵温度与中华鳖性别决定

采用不同的孵化温度孵化同一批中华鳖受精鳖卵，于相同条件下饲养150天后鉴定它们的性别。结果表明在32℃条件下孵化的中华鳖雄性比例达到72．1％，而在27℃条件下孵化的中华鳖雄性比例则只有42．3％。由此证明：通过人为控制孵化温度可以决定中华鳖的性别比例，其结论是孵化温度较高，则雄性比例较大。该结论为有目的地人为决定中华鳖性别提供了科学依据。     

不同增养殖模式中华绒螯蟹脂肪酸比较分析

对不同增养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食部分脂肪酸的分析结果显示:中华绒螯蟹有脂肪酸18种,分别为5种饱和脂肪酸,3种单烯酸,10种多烯酸。各脂肪酸中以油酸含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸的含量极显著高于饱和脂肪酸(P<0.01);就营养品质指标(单烯酸、多烯酸、必需脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸)而言,以湖泊网围模式脂肪酸营养品质为优。以棕桐油酸(C16∶l)和硬脂酸(C18∶0)为风味评价指标(脂肪酸角度),结果得出以湖泊放流中华绒螯蟹最为味美。     

Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a tapeworm new to the British Isles: a threat to carp fisheries?

Abstract Khawia sinensis Hsü is recorded for the first time from the British Isles. K. sinensis was recovered from many naturally infected common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and one tench, Tinca tinca (L.) in 18 localities in England. Prevalence ranged from 4.5 to 100% and intensity of infection from one to 51 worms per fish. The worms were identified as Lytocestidae by the medullary arrangement of the vitelline glands and the cortical position of the testes, and as K. sinensis on scolex characteristics and detailed arrangement and measurements of genital organs. No evidence of pathogenicity was observed, although K. sinensis has been reported as a serious pathogen of cyprinids in overseas fisheries. The potential threat of this tapeworm to carp fisheries in England is discussed.     

贵州黔中地区彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源调查研究

为发掘更好的彩叶观赏树种蓝果树种质资源和进一步开发利用及保存,采用400 m2的标准样法对黔中地区11个县（市、区）的蓝果树种质资源进行调查,观察土壤颜色、测量土层厚度和海拔;测量树高、胸径、冠幅、枝下高及代表植株的5～12片叶的叶长、叶宽,并观察其叶形和叶色;记录样地内所有伴生植物的种类。结果表明：蓝果树生长的土壤多为酸性的黄壤,土层厚度在24～212 cm 之间,海拔在1021～1439 m 之间。平均叶长在8.1～12.7 cm 之间,平均叶宽在3.6～6.2 cm 之间,叶色方面主要变化有绿色间紫红色或红色、铁锈红色、绿色。21个样地中蓝果树的平均年龄多在10～20年,多数胸径小于10 cm,平均胸径最大的30.9 cm,其次为19.0 cm。21个样地中均有的伴生植物都为酸性土壤的指示性植物。初步查清了黔中地区蓝果树种质资源,为发掘更好的蓝果树种质资源和良种选育、进一步开发利用及保存提供基础参考。     

患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血细胞数量及形态变化

采集嘉陵江中网箱养殖的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker)患肌肉溃烂病病鱼和健康鱼,对比测定二者红细胞数量、白细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞大小等指标,以研究病鱼血细胞的形态和数量变化。结果表明病鱼和健康鱼鱼体的多项指标存在显著差异。相对于健康鱼,病鱼外周血中红细胞数目显著减少,白细胞数目极显著增加,红细胞有变小趋势,表明肌肉溃烂对中华倒刺鲃红细胞有一定破坏作用;相对于健康鱼,病鱼淋巴细胞比例下降,单核细胞比例升高,表明在病理情况下,鱼体的特异性免疫功能降低,吞噬功能和非特异性免疫功能有所增强。     

中华乌塘鳢人工诱食剂筛选试验

对人工繁育的75日龄中华乌塘鳢（长约4cm，重约0.986g/i）进行一个月饲养试验，从虾粉、海带粉、谷氨酸，甜菜碱，大蒜素等组合成的8种诱食剂中筛选诱食效果最佳者，试验结果表明，在以白鱼粉为主的基础日糖中加入不同配方的诱食剂,对试验鱼的诱食效果不同，其中以2号诱食剂（第三组）的诱食效果最好，增重和成活率拉近鲜虾对照组（第一组）的水平。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E level on growth and tissue lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann)

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth, liver lipid peroxidation and liver and muscle vitamin E level of soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Eight experimental diets analysed to contain 0–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 were fed to juvenile soft‐shelled turtle of 4.8 g initial body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of the turtles fed the diet containing no vitamin E was significantly lower than those fed diets containing 83–457 IU vitamin E kg^?1 (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio showed similar trends to that of WG. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in whole‐body composition among turtles fed the different diets. Dietary vitamin E requirement using WG as the response and estimated using the broken‐line regression model is approximately 88 IU kg^?1. Liver and muscle vitamin E content increased when dietary vitamin E level increased. Ascorbate‐induced lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of turtles fed diets containing 0 and 17 IU vitamin E kg^?1 was significantly (P<0.05) greater than those fed diets containing high vitamin E (≥35 IU kg^?1).     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴和肝胰腺的总蛋白含量与性早熟的关系

中华绒螯蟹扣蟹性腺发育与肝胰腺和血淋巴的蛋白质浓度相关.性早熟前后,雌雄扣蟹肝胰腺总蛋白浓度分别由(121.17±44.50)mg@g-1和(89.43±21.86)mg@g-1下降至(81.08±5.84)mg@g-1和(70.58±9.90)mg@g-1,雌性扣蟹的肝胰腺占体重的比值也由8.18%降至3.90%.血淋巴总蛋白浓度正常发育的雌性扣蟹为(99.55±12.06)mg@mL-1,明显高于性早熟雌性扣蟹的(72.26±17.87)mg@mL-1;而雄性扣蟹性早熟前后的血淋巴总蛋白浓度无显著差异.肝胰腺总蛋白浓度二秋龄雌蟹高于性早熟雌性扣蟹,但它们之间的血淋巴总蛋白浓度没有显著差异.二秋龄雄蟹的血淋巴和肝胰腺总蛋白浓度与性早熟雄性扣蟹相当,差异不显著.