河北省2005-2014年植被NPP时空演变及其与气候因子的关系

在GIS软件的支持下,利用2005—2014年MOD17A3H与MCD12Q1数据集,结合河北省2005—2012年的142个气象站点资料,利用一元线性回归法分析了河北省10年间NPP的时空演变特征,利用相关系数法分析了NPP与气候因子的相关关系。结果表明:河北省年NPP主要集中在200～400 g/（m²·a）,其中NPP高值区分布在燕山北部区域和太行山东侧一带。2005—2014年河北省年NPP均值与最大值均在波动中微弱上升,年NPP均值在2012年最大为337.63 g/（m²·a）。2005—2014年NPP增长率大于10%的地区分布在冀西北区域和东南边界,其面积占比为43.03%。河北省5种植被覆盖类型按NPP年均值从大到小排列依次为:阔叶林、灌丛、草地、针叶林、农用地。河北省NPP与气温主要呈负相关,与降水主要呈正相关。     

Comparative study on hormones and biochemistry indices in plasma,ovarian fluid and oocytes of LHRHa2‐induced female Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus)

Reproduction efficacy of sturgeon as donors of oocytes is regulated by hormones effects. It can influence the egg quality or larvae functions as rearing mediators for successful production. This study is conducted to evaluate the concentration of sex steroids, cortisol and thyroid hormones and distinguish the relationship of maternal hormones' correlation in Stellate sturgeon. The study followed the hormones fluctuations that could impress some egg quality information such as fertilization rate. Female breeders were injected with LHRH_a2 for controlled propagation. Samples from blood, ovarian fluid and oocytes were obtained for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Our results showed that the concentrations of estradiol 17‐β and testosterone were significantly higher and lower in oocyte and the plasma, respectively. The level of plasma cortisol was significantly higher than in ovarian fluid and oocytes. The results showed elevation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations in oocytes, which were significantly different with plasma and ovarian fluid. Thyroxine concentration of plasma and ovarian fluid revealed a significant negative correlation. The mentioned parameters showed negative correlation with fertilization rate. The biochemical parameters (calcium, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride) revealed significant differences in blood, ovarian fluid and oocytes. These results showed direct relations of fertilization rate with hormones level. Therefore, fertilization rate as egg quality index could be recommended as a relevant indicator of maternal transferring of hormones from blood and ovarian fluid to oocyte.     

17β-雌二醇诱导黄颡鱼雌性化的研究

该研究通过对17β-雌二醇(E2)的投喂方式和投喂时间进行比较,探索了XY全雄黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的雌性化方法,进而建立3个家系(XY♀×XY♂),结合性别分子标记对黄颡鱼雌性化诱导的成活率和性逆转率进行了对比研究。结果显示,卤虫(Artemia sp.)组从开口第1天进行诱导的性逆转率为75.20%,而从开口第5天进行诱导得不到发育好的雌性;从开口第1天投喂激素,饲料组的成活率与卤虫组无显著差异(P>0.05),而性逆转率显著高于卤虫组(P<0.05);分子标记Y1和Y2相结合能够准确鉴定黄颡鱼的遗传性别;对照组中3个家系的成活率和各个基因型性别比例均无显著差异(P>0.05),成活率为51.00%~56.67%,XX雌性占比为90.91%~97.44%,XY雄性占比为94.56%~95.96%,而YY则为雄性;诱导组中3个家系的成活率和性逆转率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,采用含50 mg·kg-1 E2的微颗粒饲料从开口第1天开始诱导30 d,并运用遗传性别与表型性别鉴定相结合的方法能够有效筛选获得发育良好的XY/YY雌性黄颡鱼。     

Antidepressant-like effect of N-palmitoylethanolamide by prefrontal cortex PPARα pathway in a rat model

AIM: To investigate the role of cortical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the regulation of depression-like behavior in the rats by N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). METHODS: A rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established. The rats (n=70) were randomly divided into normal control group, CUMS model group, CUMS+ fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) group, CUMS+ PEA (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) groups and CUMS+ PEA (10 mg/kg)+ MK886 (3 mg/kg) group. On the 8th day during CUMS, the drugs were continuously admi-nistered for 28 d. The body weight and the related behavioral changes in the open-field test and sucrose consumption test were monitored every week. On the 36th day, some of the brain tissues from the rats were fixed in 4% formalin solution for histomorphological and immunohistochemical observations to determine the number and morphological changes of prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons and the protein expression of synaptophysin (SYP). Other brain tissues were quickly removed, PFC was separated and weighed, and Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of PPARα at protein and mRNA levels in the PFC of rats. RESULTS: Compared with CUMS model group, PEA increased the body weight gain, the sucrose preference rate, and the locomotion time and distance in the open-field test, and shortened the immobility time in the open-field test. PEA increased the weight of PFC, the percentage of PFC/brain weight and the number of neurons in PFC, and improved the morphological changs of the neurons. PEA also up-regulated the protein expression of SYP in PFC, and down-regulated the expression of PPARα at mRNA and protein levels in the PFC of CUMS model rats (P<0.05). In addition, compared with PEA (10 mg/kg) group, MK886 significantly reduced the body weight gain of the rats, the percentage of sucrose preference and the locomotion distance in the open-field test, and increased the immobility time in the open-field test on the 35th day during CUMS. The number of neurons SYP expression in PFC tissues were decreased, and the expression of PPARα at protein and mRNA levels was increased in MK886 group. CONCLUSION: PEA may antagonize the depression-like behavior of rats by regulating the PPARα pathway in PFC, improving synaptic plasticity of PFC and protecting the neurons.     

Characterization of β‐catenin 1 during the gonad development in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

β‐catenin gene is a pivotal gene for gonad development and maintenance of ovarian function in mammals. However, little is known about its expression and function in gonad development of fish. In this study, a complete cDNA (3342 bp) sequence of β‐catenin 1 was cloned from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, by RACE PCR, which encodes a 780‐amino‐acid protein. Quantitative real‐time PCR demonstrated that β‐catenin 1 mRNA expressions were high in the testis and ovary tissue and the expression increased as the testes developed and the early stage ovaries developed. Western blot results revealed a single immunoreactive band with an estimated molecular weight of 90 kDa in testes. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the β‐catenin 1 protein was concentrated mainly in the cytoplasm of early development stage of oocyte cells and in the cytomembrane of developing and mature sperm cells. 17β‐Ethinylestradiol injecting intraperitoneally into the fish decreased the relative β‐catenin 1 mRNA expression level except 1 μg/g 72 hr and 5 μg/g 48 hr of treatments in the ovary by real‐time PCR. These results suggest, for the first time, that β‐catenin 1 is an essential protein in gonad development and might be involved in ovarian early development of C. carpio.     

Multiple shoot regeneration in seed-derived immature leaflet explants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A protocol was developed for organogenesis from immature leaflet explants derived from mature seeds of peanut. Immature leaflets pre-incubated on MS medium supplemented with 13.32 μM BAP + 4.95 μM NAA for 7 days, turned green and enlarged. The enlarged green leaflets produced multiple shoot buds after 1–2 cycles of sub-culture on MS medium supplemented with 13.32 μM BAP. Three cycles of shoot buds on the elongation medium (13.32 μM BAP) produced 6.17 ± 0.47 elongated shoots per explant. The shoot bud formation was genotype independent. All elongated shoots rooted on the medium containing 4.95 μM NAA. The complete protocol gave efficient (>81%) direct organogenesis, leading to the development of plantlets within 4 months.     

Inhibitory effects of paeonol on keratinocyte viability,cytokines secretion stimulated by IL-17A via STAT3 signaling pathway

AIM To observe the effect of paeonol on interleukin-17A （IL-17A）-induced human keratinocyte viability, cytokine secretion, and related signal transduction pathways. METHODS In vitro HaCaT cells stimulated by IL-17A （200 μg/L） were co-cultured with paeonol （200 mg/L and 100 mg/L） for 24 h. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine （including IL-6, etc.） levels were measured by cytometric bead array assay. The IL-23 level was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of IL-23, IL-6, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL20 and STAT3 was detected by real-time PCR, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of STAT3 and ERK1/2. RESULTS Paeonol significantly inhibited IL-17A-induced HaCaT cell viability （P<0.05）, as well as reduced IL-6 level. Meanwhile, paeonol decreased mRNA levels of IL-23, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL20. Paeonol also inhibited the expression of STAT3 at mRNA and protein levels. However, no significant effect of paeonol on ERK1/2 protein expression was observed. CONCLUSION Paeonol inhibits HaCaT cell viability and cytokine secretion induced by IL-17A, and its mechanism might be related to STAT3 singaling pathway.     

超级稻品种中嘉早17高产相关性状的QTL定位

水稻产量事关粮食安全,对水稻高产基因的进一步挖掘意义重大。本研究采用花药培养技术,构建了包含101个株系的中嘉早17×D50的加倍单倍体群体(DH群体)。考察海南陵水、浙江杭州高产田块和杭州山区低产田块3种种植环境下DH群体各株系、亲本中嘉早17和D50的有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重等产量相关性状,同时构建DH群体的遗传连锁图谱。QTL定位分析表明,3种种植环境下共检测到74个具有显著加性效应的QTL,其贡献率变幅为3.7%~43.2%,分布于水稻12条染色体。其中,qPH1-1和qFLL12在3种种植环境下均被检测到,其贡献率分别为8.9%、24.2%、43.2%和16.6%、17.9%、18.9%。此外,qPH3、qFLL10-2、qFLW11-1、qPL11、qGNP11、qSSR3以及qTGW5-17个QTL在其中2种种植环境下被同时检测到,其贡献率变幅为7.4%~42.2%。QTL×环境互作分析表明,仅qPH1-1、qFLW2、qEPP1和qTGW5-14个QTL存在显著的加性×环境互作效应。进一步对qTGW5-1定位区间所包含的GW5测序分析表明,高产株系和低产株系的GW5等位基因分别来自亲本中嘉早17和D50,这与检测到的qTGW5-1的加性效应来自亲本中嘉早17相符。本研究为今后水稻产量相关基因的进一步挖掘以及借助分子聚合育种培育超高产品种提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

Mo17在我国玉米育种和生产中的作用

大量资料分析表明，过去十余年，以引进的美国自交系Ｍｏ１７及其改良系为亲本的玉米品种数目众多，种植面积广大，居其它自交系之首，引起了国内玉米品种的一次更新换代。１９８８年以后，Ｍｏ１７及其改良系的组合在不同地区的面积表现出下降趋势，主要原因是玉启发经叶病，Ｍｏ１７感病严重，给生产造成了损失。目前国内玉米育种尚未选出骨干替换系，这已成为广大育种工作者急待解决的问题。     

17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因表达的影响

[目的] 以稀有鮈鲫雄鱼为研究对象,探讨17α-甲基睾酮（17α-methyltestosterone,MT）对稀有鮈鲫精巢甲基转移酶（DNMT）基因相对表达量的影响。[方法] 采用不同浓度MT（25、50和100 ng/L）处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7、14和21 d,处理结束时,每组随机解剖10条鱼,取精巢组织,Trizol一步法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测DNA甲基转移酶基因（dnmts）相对表达量。[结果] MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7 d,25 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）、50 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.01）和100 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）精巢dnmt3基因相对表达量显著（或极显著）降低;25 ng/L MT处理组和50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt5基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低;50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼14 d,100 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt3、dnmt5、dnmt6、dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;50 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼21 d,50 ng/L MT处理组和100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt8基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。[结论] MT可以干扰稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因dmmts的mRNA表达。MT对DNMTs酶活性的影响以及是否可以通过改变DNA甲基化水平对稀有鮈鲫精子的发生产生影响有待研究。