大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的等电聚焦电泳过氧化物同工酶分析

等电聚焦电泳是近些年发展起来的分离蛋白质的有效生化技术．操作简便，分辨率高，电泳条带多而且细，信息量大，利于进行深入细致的研究。该文利用等电聚焦丙烯酰胺电泳方法分析了6个大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的过氧化物同工酶电泳图谱，共分离出十几条酶带，F1杂种与亲本间同工酶图谱均表现出明现差异，特别是A鉴别区内的酶带差异最明显，大多为互补型，是主要鉴别区。进一步研究结果表明，6个大白菜品种均可利用过氧化物同工酶鉴别由自交引起的假杂种。利用这项技术大量开展了这6个品种的商品种子纯度检测工作，同时在田间进行了验证性测定，二者结果基本相符。     

赤霉素处理对大白菜阶段发育的影响

用赤霉素处理未通过春化阶段的大白菜，植株可以抽薹开花；赤霉素处理已通过春化阶段的大白菜，可以促进植株提前抽薹开花。大白菜品种不同，赤霉素处理的效果有差异。     

不同有机酸对小白菜镉污染毒性和品质的影响

以小白菜为试材,以贵州典型黄壤为盆栽试验基质,在黄土中共设置5个不同处理,1)原始无污染土壤(CK);2)单一镉污染土壤处理(Cd);3)镉污染土壤加草酸处理(Cd+OA);4)镉污染土壤加柠檬酸处理(Cd+CA);5)镉污染土壤加酒石酸处理(Cd+TA),探究镉胁迫下不同有机酸对提高小白菜品质的效果,以期为改善蔬菜品质提供参考依据。结果表明:外源添加镉导致小白菜单株鲜质量降低了41.1%,植株体内镉大量积累,活性氧类物质、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量升高。与对照组相比,镉污染小白菜叶片内硝酸盐含量增加了2.9倍,维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别降低了19.3%和9.9%。在镉污染土壤上施入草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸后均显著改善了小白菜的生长状态。与镉污染处理小白菜相比,柠檬酸对小白菜的促生效果最显著,生物量相对增加了48.5%,叶片和根的镉含量分别降低了45.3%和42.6%。酒石酸对超氧阴离子的影响大于草酸和柠檬酸,对过氧化氢和脯氨酸的影响小于草酸和柠檬酸,但草酸抑制硝酸盐积累和提高可溶性糖含量的作用大于其它有机酸。上述结果说明,在镉污染土壤施用柠檬酸可以有效缓解镉对小白菜的毒害作用,提高小白菜的产量和品质。     

‘福山包头’大白菜叶柄黑点病发生特点及抗性分析

以‘福山包头’大白菜为试材,利用田间调查、显微观察和叶片离体培养的方法,对‘福山包头’系列大白菜叶柄黑点病的发生特点及抗性进行了研究,以期为改善‘福山包头’大白菜抗病性及新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)大白菜叶柄黑点病主要发生于叶柄表皮细胞且起始于细胞周质或细胞壁,该病可发生于大白菜的整个生育期,且进入包心期后发展较快;(2)氮素能诱导叶柄黑点病的发生,且铵态氮较硝态氮诱导效果更明显;(3)氮素浓度与叶柄黑点病的发病程度呈正相关,但氮素并不是影响叶柄黑点病发生的唯一因素;(4)‘福山包头’系列大白菜种质资源中,‘福东2号’‘福山82’对叶柄黑点病的抗性较强,‘福小87-13-13’‘皱福’的抗性较弱。     

新型白菜薹品种“雄心一号”的选育

"雄心一号"是以菜心细胞质雄性不育系BC-31-10-5-2-1-1为母本,以早熟白菜2-1-1-1-1-1-1-2-1为父本配制而成的,不需要春化、高产的白菜薹新品种。表现:生长势强,中早熟,播种至初收约55 d,延续采收约48 d,抽薹整齐,商品综合性状好,每667 m~2产量在1 500 kg以上。最适合生长温度15～25 ℃,适宜我国宁夏、甘肃、河南、云南、长江流域和华南地区等主要薹菜栽培区适时栽培。     

中晚熟大白菜新品种天白80的选育

天白80是以雄性不育系C441和自交不亲和系T01配制而成的中晚熟直筒型大白菜一代杂种,生长期75d(天)左右,株型直立,株高51cm,开展度58.5cm,外叶浅绿色,叶面少茸毛,中肋白色;叶球长筒形,顶部舒心,球色浅绿,结球紧实,内叶浅黄色,球高46.4cm,球径11.2cm,球形指数4.1;叶球质量2.8kg左右,净菜率75.4%。抗病性强,高抗病毒病和霜霉病,抗黑腐病。平均每667m2产量7200kg左右,适宜我国华北及西北地区作为中晚熟秋大白菜种植。     

8%胺鲜酯水剂在白菜上应用药效试验

用8%胺鲜酯水剂在大白菜上进行田间药效试验,试验表明,在大白菜的大田返青期、生长期喷施,能有效地促进大白菜的生长,提高大白菜的产量。对大白菜中的维生素C和可溶性固形物含量等品质指标未发现有不良影响,且对品质有所提升。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

A screening test for Mycosphaerella brassicicola on Brassica oleracea

A greenhouse screening method for resistance to ringspot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) inBrassica oleracea is described. High infection levels were achieved by spraying young plants by mycelial inoculum enriched with 3% sucrose. The screening method was tested on three Brussels sprouts, three cabbage and three cauliflower cultivars, with known reactions to ringspot in the field. Resistance was expressed both in cotyledons and true leaves by a lower number of lesions than the susceptible control and/or by hypersensitive reactions. Results of the seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field. Under controlled conditions the new test can be applied year-round to young plants, thus accelerating selection procedures.     

大白菜感官品质与营养品质相关性研究

本文以12个大白菜品种为试材,研究了大白菜感官品质与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、粗纤维、可溶性固形物等营养品质指标的相关性。通过逐步回归选择和通径分析,结果表明,对大白菜感官品质起主要作用的因素是可溶性糖,其次是粗纤维,再次是可溶性蛋白质。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质对感官品质起正向作用,而粗纤维对感官品质起负向作用。经简化的多元线性回归方程为Y=7.2408 0.4344x_1(可溶性糖％干重)-0.2979x_2(粗纤维％干重)。可以用此方程对大白菜品质做近似评价。