耐裂球早熟甘蓝新品种青农55的选育

青农55是以耐裂球早熟ogura雄性不育系A05-1-3-15为母本,以耐裂球早熟自交系荷引-1为父本配制成的耐裂球甘蓝一代杂种。早熟,定植后50~55d(天)成熟,成熟后15d(天)内裂球率小于0.5%。外叶12片左右,叶球圆形,球高16~18cm。球外叶两叶叠抱,绿色,油亮,内叶淡黄色,口感甜脆,中心柱长度仅为叶球高度的1/2左右,采收初期平均单球质量1.2~1.4kg。秋季露地栽培每667m2净菜产量4500kg,春季保护地栽培每667m2净菜产量可达5000kg以上。高抗黑腐病,耐霜霉病。适宜北方地区春季保护地、秋季露地早熟栽培。     

苦瓜一代杂种绿宝石的选育

采用优势育种法,以雌性较强的a6-1-1作母本和优良株系a2-1为父本,育成苦瓜一代杂种绿宝石.该品种瓜为长圆锥形,早熟,春播初收期比对照英引、穗新2号提早3～7d(天);一般每667m2产量3000kg以上,比英引、穗新2号增产15%以上;较耐炭疽病和白粉病,适合南方地区春、秋季露地和塑料棚早熟栽培.     

薄皮甜瓜新品种晋园甜玉的选育

晋园甜玉是以自育雌雄异花同株自交系材料25a-4-2-1-1-1-1-1为母本、雄花两性花同株自交系78-8-5-2-1-1-1-1为父本杂交选育而成的薄皮甜瓜新品种.该品种早熟,雌雄异花同株,子孙蔓均可坐瓜,山西省春季大棚爬地栽培管理模式下,全生育期90 d左右,果实发育期30 d左右.果实卵圆形,果皮乳白色,果肉白...     

中国南瓜新品种香蜜小南瓜的选育

香蜜小南瓜是广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所以自交系08-127为母本、08-91为父本杂交而成的早熟小果型中国南瓜新品种.全生育期春季栽培100d,秋季栽培85d.果实扁圆形,果皮黄褐色,有绿斑;肉色橙黄,肉质致密,可溶性固形物10.2%,维生素C含量164mg.kg(-1);单果质量0.86-1.32kg,667m2产量...     

茄子新品种“象牙白茄2号”的选育

象牙白茄2号是以竹料白茄为母本,以9832-1-1-3为父本,杂交而成的白茄新品种。该品种早熟,播种至初收75 d,延续采收期51 d,全生育期126 d;果长棒状,头尾较匀称,果皮白色,有光泽;果肉白色,商品性状优良。耐阴性、耐寒性、耐涝性好;丰产性好,平均每667 m~2产量2 566.7 kg,适合华南地区春秋季栽培。     

瓠瓜新品种早杂7号的选育

早杂7号是以J138-1-5-6-1-2为母本,以Z2-3-5-8-1为父本配制而成的早熟瓠瓜一代杂种。田间长势中等,早熟性优;商品瓜长35cm左右,横径6.0cm,单瓜质量0.6kg左右;瓜形匀称,瓜皮翠绿有光泽,品质好,VC含量高,坐果率高。适应性强,特别适合浙江、山东、福建等地保护地早熟栽培,也适合保护地秋延后栽培和露地栽培。     

保护地早熟西瓜“垦蜜1号”的选育

西瓜"垦蜜1号"是以"海-01-19"为母本,以"海-02-18"为父本育成的早熟西瓜杂交种。该品种早熟、果皮韧性强,不易裂瓜、抗性强。果实正圆形,果皮深绿色,果肉大红色,多汁爽口,单瓜质量4~5kg,抗病接种鉴定结果表明,枯萎病病情指数13.96%,炭疽病病情指数17.64%。平均每667m~2产量4 400kg左右。适宜在黑龙江省保护地栽培。     

矮蔓西葫芦新品种“农园1号”的选育

"农园1号"是以自交系518-2-1为母本,54-1-4为父本配制而成的矮蔓西葫芦一代杂交种。该品种植株生长势强、早熟性好、植株矮生;播种后35d开始采收250g左右的商品嫩瓜。第一雌花节位6~7节,雌花多,成瓜率高,瓜为淡绿色的圆球形,光泽度好,商品性极佳,属高档型特色西葫芦品种。抗病毒病。早春露地地膜覆盖高垄栽培产量为4 000~6 000kg/667m2。     

优质早熟西瓜新品种‘美佳’的选育

‘美佳’是以‘BSL-1-1-2-1-1’为母本、‘(901×新)F2-2-3-5-1-1’为父本选育而成的西瓜杂种1代品种。该品种早熟,春季大棚种植全生育期93～95 d,果实发育期28～30 d;生长势较强,易坐果,果实圆形,果皮绿色上覆深绿细齿花条,果皮厚度1.0 cm;瓜瓤红色,瓤质细嫩沙脆,纤维极少,风味极佳,品质优,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.9%,边部8.4%。单瓜质量7.0 kg,667 m~2产量4 719.2 kg,适宜河北省及周边地区早熟栽培。2015年9月通过河北省科学技术厅组织的河北省科技成果鉴定。     

抗病毒病大白菜新品种“龙白十一号”的选育

"龙白十一号"大白菜系由早熟母本G52B和高抗病毒病父本02-75-2两个自交不亲和系配置而成的大白菜一代杂种,该杂种卵圆合抱,极早熟,全生育期55 d,高抗病毒病,品质优良,适合黑龙江、内蒙等地区复种栽培,667 m2产量12 000 kg以上。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.