北方旱作区小流域截潜流集水高效利用研究

论述了北方旱作区寿阳白马河流域截潜流集水工程的结构和功能特点,研究了截潜流集水效果和高效利用技术的途径和措施。为北方同类型区域综合利用区域水资源提供参考。     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.     

APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适应性

为验证APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适用性,基于10年生苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与小麦(Triticum aestivum)、谷子(Oryza sativa)草田轮作试验数据和同期气象资料,运用APSIM模型对系统进行了模拟。通过试错法和文献记载完成了苜蓿、小麦和谷子几个品种的参数本地化。用统计和图形校验方法评价了APSIM模型模拟结果的可靠性和准确性。结果表明,谷子-小麦-小麦(MWW)、小麦-谷子-小麦(WMW)、谷子-谷子-小麦(MMW)、谷子-小麦-谷子(MWM)、小麦-谷子-谷子(WMM)、小麦-小麦-谷子(WWM)6种轮作方式下产量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.83至0.98之间,D值范围在0.94至0.99之间,表现出了良好的相关性和一致性。土壤含水量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.52至1之间,D值范围在0.92至0.97之间,相关性和一致性表现良好。表明APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区苜蓿与小麦、谷子轮作具有较好的模拟能力,可以用来模拟分析该地区草田轮作系统生产潜力和土壤水分动态,对该地区气候变化影响下草田轮作的优化管理具有一定指导意义。     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒LG株的分离鉴定

为获得大熊猫犬瘟热病毒株,采集死亡大熊猫的心脏、肺、肝病料,研磨并反复冻融后收集上清液接种Vero细胞,待出现细胞病变(CPE)后,收集病毒液。用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)鉴定病毒分离株,测定病毒TCID_(50),动物回归试验测定其毒力。结果显示,盲传到第5代时,Vero细胞出现圆缩、聚集、脱落等病变;PCR扩增出287bp片段,与预期相符;测序结果显示,该毒株与已发表的CDV SD(14)11毒株(亚洲-Ⅰ型)的同源性为98%;毒株的TCID_(50)为10~(-5.2)/mL;幼犬感染分离毒株后出现体温升高、鼻头发干、拉稀、眼鼻分泌出水样分泌物等症状。本研究成功分离出大熊猫源犬瘟热病毒株。     

鸡毒支原体研究概况

鸡毒支原体(MG)是对养禽业危害很大的支原体,主要导致禽类慢性呼吸道疾病(CRD),以禽的结膜炎、产蛋率及饲料转换率下降、屠宰率下降等为主要特征。MG可通过垂直和水平传播方式在鸡群中传播,每年给全球家禽产业带来巨大经济损失。随着对MG细胞表面抗原黏附素蛋白(pMGA)和PvpA、GapA的结构与功能研究的深入,K株、TG5株等MG疫苗研究也取得较大进展。由于抗生素的滥用,MG基因中也发生耐药突变,产生了QRDRs等抗药结构,导致MG在耐药性上也出现新的特点。论文主要对国内外MG的疫苗开发、耐药情况和检测技术等进行综述,旨在对家禽MG的综合防控提供借鉴。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒双重液相基因芯片检测方法的建立

为了实现快速检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)并同步鉴别高致病性PRRSV毒株(HPPRRSV),根据PRRSV囊膜蛋白GP2基因保守序列和HP-PRRSV特有的Nsp2基因区保守序列设计特异扩增引物和杂交探针,通过双重一步法RT-PCR不对称扩增和双重微球杂交反应,建立了双重液相基因芯片方法。对12株PRRSV以及其他12种猪病原体的检测显示,该法能特异性检测12株PRRSV毒株并准确鉴别其中7株HP-PRRSV,与其他病原体无交叉反应;对PRRSV、HP-PRRSV病毒液的检测低限均小于每个反应0.5TCID_(50);其组内、组间检测变异系数均10%;检测55份疑似临床样品并与商品化荧光RTPCR试剂盒比较检测结果,符合率达98.2%(54/55)。研究结果为适应临床快速检测PRRSV提供了一种新的分子生物学检测方法。     

6种灌木不同器官生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征

通过研究晋北地区草地黄刺玫、沙棘、荆条、酸枣、绣线菊和柠条等6种常见灌木的叶片、新生枝、老龄枝生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征,旨在为草地准确估算草地植物碳、氮循环提供依据。结果表明:黄刺玫的地上生物量最大,是酸枣的7倍。沙棘叶片生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;黄刺玫新生枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;柠条老龄枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大。黄刺玫、沙棘和荆条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为叶片、老龄枝、新生枝;绣线菊、酸枣和柠条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为老龄枝、叶片、新生枝。6种灌木地上部分各器官碳含量差异不显著,氮含量分布由高到低为叶片、新生枝、老龄枝。     

不同紫花苜蓿品种植株浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒效应

以5个紫花苜蓿品种为浸提液提取材料,分别用不同浓度(0、10、30、50、70g/L)的根、茎、叶浸提液处理甘农3号紫花苜蓿种子及幼苗,研究不同处理对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:5个苜蓿品种植株浸提液对甘农3号种子萌发和幼苗生长具有明显自毒效应,其效应因苜蓿品种、器官和浸提液浓度不同而存在显著差异。同一品种、相同浓度下自毒效应强弱顺序为叶茎根;同一品种和器官的浸提液随着浓度的增大,甘农3号苜蓿种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均显著降低,胚根长、胚芽长及根系活力显著减小;随着浸提液浓度逐渐增大(10~70g/L),种子发芽势、发芽率的化感指数(RI)也逐渐增大(0.002 6~12.640 0),同时受抑制程度逐步增强,而且,叶浸提液对种子发芽势、发芽率抑制作用最强,根浸提液抑制作用最弱,茎浸提液抑制作用居中。同样的,随着浸提液浓度增大,幼苗的胚根长、胚芽长受抑制程度也逐步增大(1.3%~54.1%),其中根浸提液抑制率在1.3%~31.3%,茎浸提液抑制率在4.0%~34.1%,而浓度为50g/L叶浸提液抑制率达到54.1%,浓度为70g/L叶浸提液甚至致使苜蓿种子和幼苗腐烂或死亡,检测不到胚根长、胚芽长。不同苜蓿品种的自毒作用存在差异;同一苜蓿品种,根、茎、叶浸提液的自毒效应叶浸提液最强,其次为茎浸提液,根浸提液自毒效应最弱。苜蓿自毒作用会抑制种子萌发和幼苗的胚根、胚芽生长。     

放牧管理对西藏高寒沼泽植物群落结构和土壤碳氮的影响

对西藏当雄县3种不同放牧管理模式(冬季放牧、冬春季放牧和全年放牧)下的高寒沼泽的植物群落结构和土壤碳氮进行了调查。调查发现,3种放牧管理模式下的高寒沼泽植物群落总盖度差异不显著,而优势物种藏嵩草的高度和盖度差异显著;放牧管理对沼泽群落结构和物种多样性影响较大,随着放牧强度的增加,物种丰富度增加;放牧利用显著降低了高寒沼泽湿地群落优势物种藏嵩草的高度和盖度,其优势度也显著降低,使得高寒沼泽逐渐退化。冬季放牧、冬春季放牧和全年放牧沼泽地上生物量和地下生物量依次降低。同时,随着放牧强度的增加,高寒沼泽表层土壤有机碳氮的含量也显著降低,且高寒沼泽表层土壤碳氮与地上和地下生物量显著正相关。通过对比分析,冬季放牧是当前西藏高寒沼泽较好的放牧管理模式。