Geographical distribution of allozyme patterns in shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Backer) and wakegi onion (A. × wakegi Araki)

Summary Shallot and wakegi were collected in the main islands of Indonesia, and in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh. Five isozyme resolutions, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), esterase (EST) and peroxidase (POX) were employed for demonstrating inter-and intraspecific differences. A dendrogram separated 189 collected accessions into 25 types of wakegi onion and 18 types of shallot. All accessions of Japan, Korea and Taiwan were determined to be wakegi onion, whereas those of Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand were shallot. Twenty-six out of 165 Indonesian accessions indicated wakegi onion distribution in Sumatra, West Java province and in Sulawesi Island. This confirmed that there is mixed-cultivation of the two Allium species with no distinction made between them. Japan and Indonesia had respectively 12 and eight unique types of wakegi onion, while Korea had only one type. West Java showed the most various type of wakegi onion, whereas East Java had many types of shallot. Shallots collected from Bangladesh were distinetly different from those of South East Asian types.     

Geographic distribution of Vrn-genes in landraces and improved varieties of spring bread wheat

Summary A study of the global Vrn-genes distribution supports the hypothesis that these loci have different breeding values. Evident zonal differences were discovered in percentage of dominant Vrn-genes and genotypes between the sets of varieties from various locations. For the same zone analogous differences were not so manifested between the sets of local and improved varieties. It showed the similar environmental fitness of those sets as a result of natural or artificial selection. Obvious changes in distribution of Vrn-genes were discovered in the history of breeding. Within this century the dominant Vrn3 was introgressed into many modern varieties of countries close to the equator. The main direction of such introgression ran from the Japanese landrace Akakomugi to Italian varieties. Later it came from Italy through Mentana to Mexican semidwarf varieties, and the last ones (especially Sonora 64 and Lerma Rojo 64) promoted wide distribution of that gene all over the world.     

植物数量性状诱发突变的数学模型

本文提出了一种植物数量性状诱变的数学模型——混合分布模型。该模型将诱变后代群体分解成正常与突变两个子群体,总群体中性状的分布由两个子群体的分布混合而成。利用信息条件最小X~2估计方法,可以估计出总群体及两个子群体的均值和方差,以及突变子群体占总群体的比例,即突变率,并由此确定分布的形式。从两个子群体的方差还可估算出突变性状的广义遗传力。另外,该模型能够推广到多元情形,并举出了一个实例。     

配合饲料加工业发展的区域性分析及多目标分级布局模型

本文运用系统分析方法对地市级等宏观区域内配合饲料加工业的区域性和合理布局问题进行了研究,提出了分区布局、区间相互协调思想和多目标评价指标体系,建立了多目标分级布局模型,并以宝鸡市为例进行了计算分析。     

延安飞马河试验示范区农业生产的调查研究

在考察和调查的基础上 ,对陕西省延安市郊飞马河农果复合生态农业试验示范区的农业气候、土壤和水等自然资源和社会经济情况 ,农业生产中存在问题与农田种植结构布局特点 ,农业生产技术应用 ,以及农业发展方向进行分析研究 ,为促进该地区农业生产进一步发展提供参考     

陕西省气候资源生产潜力与土地人口承载力的研究

该文系统分析了陕西省气候资源状况，估算了气候资源生产潜力，评价分析了气候资源利用状况。并以粮食人口承载力指数作为判别土地人口承载力的标准，对全省土地人口承载力进行预测。这将对该省的水土保持综合治理及国民经济持续发展具有宏观指导作用。     

基于分布式总线的喷头水量分布的自动测试

通过分析基于微机ISA总线的喷头测试系统存在的问题，提出了基于分布式总线技术的喷头水量分布自动测试的解决方案。采用RS485/422总线，将PLC模块分布安装在试验现场作为水量采集模块，把PLC和计算机连接组成1∶n网络进行数据的传输，使总测试点数扩展到20480点，径向射线达到16条，每条线可测1280点，并采用VB6编制计算机监控软件，使软件移植性更强，提高了喷头水量分布自动测试的可靠性、通用性和可扩展性，对新型喷头的试验研究提供了可靠数据和分析手段。     

内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分动态初探

通过对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分的初步研究,表明:该区土壤水分的垂直动态分布分为三个不同层次,即:水分不稳定层(0～40cm);中间过渡层(40～100cm);水分相对稳定层(100～200cm);旱作土壤水分的动态变化与降雨的变化基本一致;作物对土壤水分的消耗主要是当年降雨。     

苏南典型地区土壤锌的空间分布特征及其与土壤颗粒组成的关系

在GIS的支持下,运用地统计学方法研究了苏南典型地区原锡山市土壤全Zn和有效Zn的空间分布特征,并简要分析了土壤全Zn和有效Zn含量与土壤颗粒组成之间的关系。结果表明,研究区域土壤全Zn和有效Zn的空间分布表现出一定的结构性,其空间相关范围分别达到6.6km和7.5km。Kriging插值结果表明,土壤全Zn含量在研究区域东北部最低,东南部相对较高;有效Zn含量与全Zn有着相似的空间分布趋势,受土壤自身特性的影响,其含量在北部地区普遍较低。土壤全Zn和有效Zn含量与土壤粘粒含量之间呈极显著正相关,而与砂粒含量之间呈显著负相关。     

水稻对~(134)Cs的吸收和~(134)Cs在水稻-土壤中的分配

试验表明,水稻对~(134)Cs的吸收,孕穗期吸收速率最快;土壤理化性质不同,吸附~(134)Cs的能力有差异;不同生育期灌溉~(134)Cs溶液,水稻对其吸收量不同,离成熟期近,吸收得多;灌溉次数多和灌溉水中~(134)Cs活度高,水稻吸收的~(134)Cs也多。糙米经精白加工后,可使~(134)Cs的污染减少22.6—45.6％;~(134)CS在水稻各部位比活度大小的顺序为糠>根>稻草>谷壳>精白米;活度以稻草中最高,占水稻植株总活度的51.4％,糙米、根和谷壳分别占28.4％。11.8％和8.4％:~(134)Cs在土壤中移动很少,有95.1％集中在0—2.5cm的表土层内;~(134)Cs在水稻-土壤中的分配为6.1％:93.9％;K~+抑制水稻对~(134)Cs的吸收,K~+浓度与水稻中~(134)Cs比活度之间呈指数回归形式。