3个群体鳙鱼mtDNA D-loop区段的限制性片段长度多态性分析

鳙鱼（Aristichthys nobilis）采自江西瑞昌、湖南氐沙的天然群体以及天津宁河的人工繁殖群体共127尾，对其线粒体DNA的D-loop区段进行PCR扩增，使用12种核酸内切限制酶酶切。酶切结果显示，在12种内切酶中，8种有酶切位点，2种个体间有变异，为AfaⅠ和HinfⅠ，共得到7种单倍型。依据单倍型频率的组成情况，计算出瑞昌与长沙、宁河群体间的Rogers遗传距离分别为0．7283和0．5007，长沙和宁河群体间的Rogers遗传距离为0．8135。Afa Ⅰ的酶切类型C和HinfⅠ的酶切类型B组成的单倍型，在长沙群体中占87．5％，而在瑞昌和宁河群体中均为零。由此可以认为鳙鱼瑞昌群体和长沙群体可能是两个隔离的独立群体。     

基于线粒体DNA控制区序列的6个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

运用线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区部分基因序列测序技术对6个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体(S1、S2、G1、G2、K1和Sg)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系进行了分析.结果显示,在检测到的146个单倍型中,144个为单群体特有,其余两个为群体S1和S2共享.6个群体的单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.42-0.99,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00-0.08,其中,单倍型多样性最高的是群体K1 (Hd=0.99±0.01),核苷酸多样性最高的是群体S2 (π=0.08±0.04).综合考虑,遗传多样性最低的为群体S1(Hd=0.42±0.08,π=0.00),遗传多样性最高的是群体S2 (Hd=0.88±0.02,π=0.08±0.04).AMOVA分析结果显示,来自群体间的遗传差异(46.98％)略低于来自群体内的遗传差异(53.02％).各群体间的遗传分化Fst值均为正值(0.173-0.974),表明6个群体间存在较大程度的遗传分化差异.基于遗传距离的构建的UPGMA系统进化树和基于单倍型结果构建的NJ聚类图显示,系统进化树主要分为两支:S1和S2群体聚在一起成为一支;G1和G2群体首先聚在一起,再与Sg群体聚在一起,随后与K1群体聚成另一支,6个群体单倍型的聚类关系与遗传距离的进化关系类似.进一步对群体内雌雄群体间遗传差异进行分析发现,同一群体的雌雄群体间遗传多样性水平相近,雌雄群体间基本出现轻微到明显的遗传分化;比较相同群体不同生长速率的个体的遗传参数发现,生长较快群体与生长较慢群体间可能出现一定程度的遗传分化差异;对同一公司不同时间购买的群体分析发现,购买间隔较长(7-9个月)的群体之间的遗传分化值可能会大于不同种虾公司间群体的遗传分化值.     

Genetic structure,origin, and connectivity between nesting and foraging areas of hawksbill turtles of the Yucatan Peninsula: A study for conservation and management

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4个群体鲢mtDNA D-loop的PCR-RFLP分析

采用PCR技术扩增了湖北监利、江西瑞昌、湖南长沙3个长江野生群体和天津宁河1个人工繁殖群体(已繁殖6代)共158尾鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)mtDNA D-loop区段,并用14种核酸内切限制酶对扩增片段进行酶切。结果显示:所有试验鱼均扩增出约1.6 kb的DNA片段,10种限制酶有酶切位点,共检测出16种单倍型,以单倍型Ⅰ为主,在各群体中所占比例为57.5%~90.0%。鲢4个群体的单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数为0.1885~0.6526和0.001182~0.007570。瑞昌群体与监利群体的Rogers遗传距最小,为0.1250;监利群体与宁河群体的Rogers遗传距最大,为0.2693。χ2检验结果显示4个群体间的遗传差异显著(P<0.01)。在4个群体中,宁河人工繁殖群体的单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数均最高,并且HinfⅠ的C酶切类型为宁河群体所特有,达20.0%。     

Genetic variability of Austropotamobius italicus in the Marches region: implications for conservation

• 1. Ten populations of Austropotamobius italicus from the Marches region (Central Italy), two populations from the Appennines of Calabria and Basilicata (Southern Italy) and four populations from Friuli Venezia Giulia region were sampled to elucidate the geographical pattern of genetic variability in relation to recent and historical factors.
• 2. A total of nine COI haplotypes belonging to three separate lineages have been characterized. Both lineage A (Northern Marches region) and C (Friuli Venezia Giulia region) were represented by one haplotype and were related to the Istria 1 peninsula and SouthAlps/Western Balkans lineages respectively. The lineage B included seven haplotypes belonging to the Appenines lineage.
• 3. Two hypotheses on the origin of individuals belonging to the Istrian lineage in Marches are discussed: (i) a natural colonization from the Istria peninsula refugia by migrating westwards across the bridge between the Istria peninsula and Italy, (ii) an anthropogenic origin. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the taxonomic status of lineage B and C, defined from COI mtDNA markers, belongs to A. i. meridionalis and that of lineage A belongs to A. i. carsicus. The existence of a complex geographic structure between Marches populations (Φst=0.66) of A. i. meridionalis should be further considered in conservation management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

秦川牛mtDNA全基因组遗传多样性与母系起源研究

[目的]从32头秦川牛全基因组中提取其mtDNA全基因组序列进行分析,以揭示秦川牛mtDNA基因组的遗传多样性与母系起源。[方法]采用mtDNA全基因组序列比对及生物信息学方法。[结果]在32头秦川牛mtDNA全基因组序列中,共检测到30种不同的单倍型,其平均单倍型多样度（Hd±SD）为0.996±0.009,其平均核苷酸多样度（π±SD）为0.0067±0.0010,表明秦川牛具有丰富的母系遗传多样性。构建的mtDNA全基因组系统发育树与单倍型网络图表明,32头秦川牛的mtDNA全基因组序列包括T2、T3、T4、I1共4个不同的支系,其中T2支系占21.88%,T3支系占40.625%,T4支系占9.375%,I1支系占28.125%。说明秦川牛具有普通牛和瘤牛两个支系,其中普通牛支系占71.88%,瘤牛支系占28.12%。[结论]秦川牛具有丰富的母系遗传多样性,有普通牛和瘤牛两个母系起源,但以普通牛起源为主。     

伏牛山区山羊遗传多样性和遗传资源评估

线粒体DNA遗传变异丰富,是研究群体遗传多样性重要手段.文章以伏牛山区伏牛白山羊、尧山白山羊和槐山羊3个地方山羊品种为研究对象,分析线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列遗传多态性,评估伏牛山区山羊遗传资源现状.遗传多态性研究结果表明,槐山羊(Hd=0.975,Pi=0.01092)与尧山白山羊(Hd=0.895,Pi=0...     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Shaanxi Moschus berezovskii Based on mtDNA Cytb Gene and D-loop Region Sequence

【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Shaanxi Moschus berezovskii population,and understand the genetic information of Moschus berezovskii.【Method】 The hair of Moschus berezovskii was collected to extract DNA,the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) cytochrome b(Cytb) gene and D-loop sequences of 43 Moschus berezovskii individuals were determined,and the base composition was counted.All sequences were integrated and compared using ClustalX 2.0 software to obtain nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) in the population.The nucleotide diversity (Pi),number of haplotype (H),haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide differences (K) were calculated by DNASP 5.10 software.The genetic distance among different haplotypes of Cytb gene and D-loop sequences was calculated by Mega 7.0 software,and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed.【Result】 The AT content of Cytb gene and D-loop region were higher than GC content,indicating there was bias in base composition.There were 241 and 383 SNPs of Cytb gene and D-loop region,respectively.The nucleotide diversity of Cytb gene and D-loop region were 0.28343 and 0.07707,and the haplotype diversity was 0.983 and 0.975,respectively,indicating that the population genetic diversity was rich.The genetic distances of 35 haplotypes of Cytb gene ranged from 0.002 to 0.831,and 29 haplotypes of D-loop region ranged from 0.006 to 1.342.The phylogenetic tree showed that there were two mitochondrial lineages,indicating that there were two mitochondrial maternal origins.The evolutionary analysis of D-loop region also supported this conclusion.【Conclusion】 The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of Moschus berezovskii population were high,and the genetic diversity was rich.At the same time further supported the view of Moschus berezovskii and Moshus moschiferus belonged to a branch of the view.     

mtDNA在家畜遗传育种中的应用

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蝶类分子系统学研究进展

应用DNA序列研究昆虫的系统发育和进化规律已成为当今分子系统学研究的热点，结合国内外最新研究成果对线粒体基因和核基因在蝶类分子系统学中的应用进行系统归纳和总结。主要从线粒体基因(常用分子标记如：16S rDNA、Cyt b、COⅠ、COⅡ、ND5等)以及线粒体基因组、核基因［常用分子标记如：28S rDNA、视蛋白(OPS1)基因、周期(Period)基因、丙糖磷酸异构酶(Tpi)和甘露糖磷酸异构酶(Mpi)基因、延长因子(EF-1α)基因、无翅基因(Wingless)等］、多基因联合等3方面阐述蝶类不同分类阶元系统发育研究的进展。线粒体基因与核基因、多基因联合分析已成为当前蝶类分类和系统关系研究的主要手段，未来更多基因片段将被用于蝶类分子系统学研究，更多的蝶类线粒体基因组全序列将被测序；最后，也探讨了目前分子系统学研究中存在的一些问题。