Correlated Responses in Two Traits when Selection is Practised on their Ratio

In many fields of application in plant breeding and crop science, ratios of two component traits X and Y are of interest (harvest index in cereals, leaf-to-stem ratio in forage legumes, height-to-diameter ratio in forest trees etc.). When selection is practised on the ratio X/Y of two traits X and Y, the experimenter may be interested in the resulting changes of both trait means. Based on improved approximations for the covariances between X and X/Y and between Y and X/Y and for the variance of X/Y the changes in the means of X and Y can be predicted by applying the regression approach from conventional selection theory. Explicit expressions for these correlated responses in X and Y when selection is practised on their ratio X/Y are derived and discussed. The different outcomes (decrease, zero change or increase) for the selection pressures on X and Y are characterized by phenotypic coefficients of variation of X and Y, phenotypic and genotypic correlations between X and Y and heritabilities of X and Y.     

中国葡萄野生种对葡萄根癌病的抗性

通过田间接种鉴定，系统研究了中国葡萄属１３个种和变种的２６个株系对葡萄根癌病的抗性，筛选出高抗株系１０个。其中燕山葡萄（♀）因扦插容易生根，可用自根苗作为抗葡萄根癌病砧木进行嫁接试验，其余可用作抗葡萄根癌病的育种资源     

银杏幼苗叶片转化酶活性及其动力学

采用波钦诺克XH法研究了田间和室内栽培的银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性及其动力学性质。结果表明:银杏幼苗叶片转化酶在pH值5.0、温度55℃时活性最强;该酶的米氏常数为3.7×10-2mol·L-1;室内盆栽的银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性显著高于田间栽培的同龄银杏幼苗叶片转化酶的活性。     

LLDPE/PS塑料合金及其与木纤维形成复合材料的研究

研究线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与聚苯乙烯(PS)共混制备的塑料合金的性能并用不同制备条件的塑料合金与木纤维复合形成塑料合金/木纤维复合材料,研究该种复合材料的外观质量及物理力学性能.结果表明:不同共混比例与共混温度对制备的塑料合金熔体流动性、力学强度有较显著影响.塑料合金/木纤维复合材料的性能与塑料合金共混比例及共混温度有较强的相关性.2种塑料在共混比为50/50,共混温度为200℃时,形成的塑料合金与木纤维具有相对最好的相容性和最好的材料外观质量与力学性能.DMA试验表明:塑料合金/木纤维复合材料的耐热性明显优于相应的塑料合金.     

小型渔船号灯最小间距的研究

我国小型渔船(船长20～35米)捕鱼作业信号灯至今未能达到《1972年国际海上避碰规则(1989年修订本)》的要求。本文根据光学原理,对号灯间距分辨率进行了多次测试和研究,并根据我国渔船客观实际提出了小型渔船号灯设置最佳配置方案。     

‘丰香’草莓叶片高效再生体系的建立

 以草莓主栽品种丰香( Fragaria ×ananassa Duch ‘Toyonoka’) 叶片为外植体, 研究了影响组织培养的多个因素, 建立了高效再生体系。结果表明: MS + TDZ 1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.4 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基最适于不定芽分化。不同滤光膜(绿膜、红膜、蓝膜、黄膜) 对草莓不定芽的分化具显著效应, 绿膜和红膜对芽的分化有明显促进作用, 不定芽再生率达95%以上, 平均每个外植体再生芽数在25个以上; 而蓝膜和黄膜则不利于芽的分化。不同滤光膜光谱差异主要集中在300～700 nm, 红、绿膜在该波段光强较弱,而黄、蓝膜和荧光灯较强。暗处理4周比1、2、3周更有利于提高叶片的不定芽再生率, 此后转到光下培养, 获得的不定芽再生率可达100%。     

渭河阶地全新世土壤粒度成分高分辨率研究

通过对渭河阶地全新世土壤的野外考察和粒度成分的高分辨率分析研究，揭示了该区域褐色土的成壤作用过程与季风气候变化的关系。研究表明渭河第二级阶地褐色土形成在全新世气候最适宜期（8500－3100a B.P.），从8500a B.P.开始该土壤开始发育，老官台文化兴起。从3100a B.P.开始的气候干旱化和沙尘暴堆积形成了黄土L。层。西周时期对应于该干旱期的初期。     

苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

Changes of myocardial glycogen content and right ventricular function in hypoxia swimming rats

AIM: To investigate the changes of myocardium glycogen content and the relation ship between changes of the myocardial glycogen content and the myocardial function. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were placed in (hypoxia rats) and made to swim in (hypoxia swimming rats) a hypobaxic chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m above sea level. The content of myocardium glycogens was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The myocardium
glycogen content of rats significantly reduced along with the prolongation of hypoxic exposure and approached to control level in hypoxia swimming rats. The myocardial function of right ventricule was improved significantly compared with control group.CONCLUSION: Moderate exercise (swimming) is beneficial to hypoxic adaptation of rats under the condition of chronic hypoxia.