应用荧光抗体检测马鼻肺炎病毒的实验研究

用自然感染马阳性血清及兔免疫血清制备的马鼻肺炎荧光抗体(EHV_1·FA),和马鼻肺炎病毒(HEV_1)不同毒株以及从匈牙利引进的Bartha株标准毒均产生特异性荧光。通过对不同滴度地鼠肾细胞培养液内抗原的测定,表明EHV_1·FA法比补结反应及细胞病变法敏感,高1～2个滴度,应用冰冻切片直接荧光染色检查乳地鼠31份,肝阳性率为83.8％,肺阳性率为77.4％,对照10份均为阴性。检查人工感染HEV_1流产胎儿5份,肝阳性率为100％,肺阳性为80％,检查2份健康驴胎儿,均为阴性。表明应用冰冻切片、直接荧光染色检查马鼻肺炎病毒具有较高特异性和检出率。     

乳粉喷流性及影响因素的探讨

通过对乳粉颗粒观察及对其喷流性的研究,测定代表流动性的自然坡度角（θr）、压缩率（Cp）、凝集度（Ch）、代表喷流性的崩溃角（θf）、差角（θd）、分散度（Ds）,讨论各种性能对乳粉的影响因素.     

人工林杨木表面密实化技术研究现状及发展趋势

资源的转变以及供需矛盾的紧张,使得人工林杨木表面强化技术成为重要的研究课题.本文介绍了国内外杨木表面强化技术的研究现状、发展趋势及取得的成果,指出了表面强化技术存在的问题,并从资源的可行性和市场前景等方面,对表面强化技术的应用进行了探讨,为人工林杨木表面密实化的进一步研究提供借鉴.     

人工林软质木材表面密实化新技术

采用一种新型木材改性处理剂，分别以改性异氰酸酯浓度5％、10％、15％、20％，对美国人工林火炬松（Pinus taeda）进行表面密实化处理。结果表明，随着树脂浓度的增加，无论是冷水浸泡还是煮沸，木材的吸水厚度膨胀率和压缩变形恢复率明显降低。表面密实化后，火炬松处理材的MOR和MOE值分别比素材提高43．9％和30．1％；水浸24h和煮沸2h后的湿状抗弯性能比素材略低，干状抗弯性能明显比素材高，MOR分别高28．0％和25．76％；MOE分别高22．55％和27．79％。改性异氰酸酯浸渍处理后的表面密实化木材，具有一定的阻燃效果；表面耐磨耗性能和表面硬度亦明显改善。     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

竹材横纹压缩的应力松弛

以毛竹(Phyllostachs pubescens)为对象,对竹材应力松弛规律进行了实验研究,分析了不同温度及不同含水率对竹材横纹压缩的应力松弛特性的影响,建立了描述竹材横纹压缩应力松弛模型。实验表明,竹材横纹压缩应力松弛与含水率、温度、应变水平密切相关,随着温度的升高和含水率的增加,竹材的应力松弛速率增大,应力松弛时间缩短。     

浅谈管道直饮水系统

本文分析了引进管道直引水系统的必然性和经济可行性,概述了直引水系统的工艺流程和设计原则,指出了直引水系统的发展方向。     

Differential overstory leaf flushing contributes to the formation of a patchy understory

Understory individuals were found to form patches in a 100-year-old deciduous broad-leaved forest. The closed forest canopy was uniform, and so the light conditions at various locations across the forest floor differed little after the leaf flush of the overstory. To explain the distribution pattern in the understory, a hypothesis was proposed: in spring, the forest floor is divided into patches according to the timing of leaf flush of the overstory individuals, and the light conditions are more favorable for understory plants under the crowns of trees with later-flushing leaves. In the plot, three groups of early, intermediate, and late, were recognized in the overstory concerning the timing of leaf flush. As for the start of leaf flush, a difference of 31.6 days was recognized among tree species, and for the end of leaf flush, a difference of 40.3 days. In the spring of 1998, the relative photosynthetic-photon-flux density under an intensively studiedCastanea crenata tree (late-flushing species) usually showed higher values than that under a similarly studiedAcer mono tree (early-flushing species). Analysis of the spatial-distribution pattern using Morisita’s1δ index revealed that the understory community had an aggregated distribution. In the overstory, the late- and the intermediate-flushing-species groups showed aggregated distributions, while the early-flushing-species group showed random distribution. Spatial correlation between the understory and the overstory was analyzed by using Morisita’sRδ index. The distribution of whole understory community spatially co-occurred with that of the late-flushing-species group of the overstory. In contrast, the understory community was less developed below the members of the early-flushing-species group of the overstory. We consider that the data presented here support our hypothesis, and we suggest that the growth and survival of understory individuals were promoted in the places receiving light for long periods in spring.     

浙江省针叶林下阔叶树直播造林试验

在马尾松林下进行南酸枣、毛红椿、山杜英、青冈、无患子、珊瑚朴、枫香、刨花楠、木荷直播造林试验,调查其发芽率、发芽势、树高与地径,结果表明:不同树种间直播发芽率存在显著差异,南酸枣、青冈、刨花楠比较适合直播造林,木荷、枫香、珊瑚朴直播造林效果不理想;在直播造林情况下,不同树种的树高、地径生长也存在极显著差异,树高生长以刨花楠和青冈较好,地径相对生长量以青冈和无患子效果较好。综合各种因素,青冈、刨花楠和无患子可以作为针叶林下阔叶树直播造林的树种选择。