修剪频率和留茬高度对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响

研究了不同修剪频率（1次/周、1次/2周、1次/3周3个处理水平）和留茬高度3、5、7、9cm处理组合对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响。结果表明：随修剪频率降低、留茬高度的增加草坪草密度减小,叶片宽度增加,质地变劣,叶片颜色加深,生长速度先增大后减小,地上植物量和地下植物量均呈先增大后减小的趋势。草坪综合质量评价显示,H5F1处理草坪综合质量最优,H5F2处理次之,H3F2处理最差,12种处理草坪的综合质量从优到劣依次为：H5F1〉H5F2〉H7F2〉H7F3〉H7F1〉H5F3〉H9F1〉H9F2〉H9F3〉H3F3〉H3F1〉H3F2。     

投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾生长和水质的影响

研究了不同投喂频率(1,2,3,4和5次·d-1)对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活率和水质的影响。试验在室内2m3的圆形水泥池(d=1.6m)中进行,采用全封闭养殖模式,凡纳滨对虾(初始重量为0.24g)养殖密度为50尾·m-3,投喂人工配合饲料(粗蛋白含量为42.98%)。通过7周的试验,结果表明,投喂频率为1～4次·d-1时,随着投喂频率的增加,对虾增重率显著增加;投喂频率由4次·d-1增加到5次·d-1时,对虾增重率略有增加,但差异不显著。凡纳滨对虾的成活率在1次·d-1时最低,2次·d-1时最高,2～5次·d-1时随着投喂频率的增加而降低(投喂频率为1和2次·d-1之间、3和4次·d-1之间差异显著)。投喂频率为3次·d-1时饲料系数最低,蛋白质效率最高。随着投喂频率1～3次·d-1增加,饲料系数逐渐显著降低,蛋白质效率显著递增;而投喂频率从3～5次·d-1增加时,饲料系数增大,蛋白质效率逐渐下降(3和4次·d-1差异显著;4和5次·d-1之间差异不显著)。投喂频率对水环境中的pH值、H2S含量、COD、盐度等水质指标没有显著影响;在养殖后期水环境中投喂频率3～5次·d-1的NH 4和NO-2浓度较投喂频率1～2次·d-1时高。     

饲喂频率对黑鲷生长及体生化成分的影响

选取同一种饵料设置4个饲喂频率水平(分别为1次/d、2次/d、4次/d、6次/d),采用静水连续充气养殖系统,在盐度为26.0~27.0、温度为26.8~24.5℃的条件下对黑鲷成鱼和鱼种进行为期40d的生长实验。结果表明:(1)摄食率不受饲喂频率的显著影响,饲喂频率影响黑鲷的生长是由饲料转化率的改变引起的。(2)黑鲷成鱼和鱼种的水分含量随饲喂频率的增高而增加,黑鲷成鱼脂肪含量随饲喂频率的增高而下降,黑鲷鱼种脂肪含量随饲喂频率的增高而增加。(3)在本试验条件下,适宜饲喂频率随着黑鲷鱼体重的增加而提高,黑鲷鱼种的适宜饲喂频率为2次/d,黑鲷成鱼的适宜饲喂频率为4次/d。     

Modelling changes in the length–frequency distributions of fish larvae using field estimates of predator abundance and size distributions

The goal of this study is to determine if an individual-based size-dependent model can realistically simulate changes in the length–frequency distributions of several species of fish larvae collected in Conception Bay in 1993 and 1994, using field estimations of growth and predator abundance. We first model the length–frequency distribution of field samples with the best possible estimates of mean growth rate. Then, we add predation mortality given the characteristics of the predator community observed during our surveys, which was composed of macrozooplankton and adult capelin. The larval fish community is generally not affected by predation by macrozooplankton, as the average instantaneous mortality rate predicted by the model was 0.004 day^–1. Fish larvae appear to be more vulnerable to predation by the population of adult capelin. We estimate that an abundance of adult capelin ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 individuals per 1000 m^–3 may have a substantial impact on the larval fish community. The predictions of an individual-based model are directly related to the accuracy of estimates of the mean growth rates of the larval fish cohorts. We find that it is difficult to differentiate size-selective removal of individuals from random selection by analysing changes of the length–frequency distributions of the larval fish community.     

Dynamics of plasma free amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss under variety of dietary conditions

Plasma amino acid profiles in the systemic circulation of rainbow trout acclimated to diets containing different protein sources, with and without supplementation with free amino acids, were monitored for up to 120 hours after consumption of the diets. Plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, and isoleucine increased more rapidly after feeding a diet supplemented with these amino acids in free form and, depending upon the increase in plasma concentration, remained at concentrations above those in fish fed the basal diet for at least 24h after feeding. Dietary supplementation with isoleucine increased plasma concentrations of leucine and valine as well as of isoleucine. Maximum plasma concentrations for most amino acids were attained between 12 and 24h postprandial. Dietary inclusion of gelatin caused more rapid elevations in plasma glycine and serine than did free glycine. Feeding at three hour intervals resulted in stable plasma concentrations of individual amino acids in contrast to the fluctuations occurring when fish were fed once daily. Frequent feeding favoured a higher proportion of protein to lipid in body composition.     

天水市脱毒马铃薯繁育基地晚疫病防治试验

为降低马铃薯晚疫病在生产过程中带来的损失,采用正交设计考察药剂品种、施用剂量、防治时期、施药次数对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果的影响。结果表明:各药剂处理对马铃薯晚疫病都有防治效果,其中50%烯酰吗啉(150 g/667m2)的防治效果最好,为87.64%;其次是75%代森锰锌(150 g/667m2),防效为84.85%。     

不同环境因子联接方法对崩岗易发性评价的影响

[目的] 研究不同联接方法对崩岗易发性的影响,为区域崩岗的精细化空间预测提供理论依据,进而为合理、经济、高效地做好防灾减灾提供科学支持。[方法] 基于随机森林模型,选择改进频率比(ALSA)与传统频率比(FR)两种不同联接方法,通过地理探测器选取年平均降雨量、年平均降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、坡长因子、黏粒含量、坡度、砂粒含量、标准化VH通道后向散射系数(表征地表覆被的性质)作为评价指标,以江西省兴国县永丰镇为例开展崩岗易发性评价。[结果] ①ALSA-RF模型较FR-RF模型精度更高,ACC,AUC值分别为83.89%,0.893 0; ②研究区极高、高易发区主要分布于其西南区域,这与实际崩岗分布情况较吻合。[结论] 改进频率比的联接方法较传统频率比方法可以更好地体现区域崩岗的分布规律,可为滑坡研究领域中的类似问题提供借鉴。     

基于特征迁移学习的变工况下轴向柱塞泵故障诊断

不同工况下的轴向柱塞泵故障数据存在分布差异,现有的基于特征迁移学习的变工况故障诊断方法大多只通过单个传感器信号进行分析,具有一定的局限性和片面性。为了利用多传感器信号提高变工况下轴向柱塞泵故障诊断的性能,该研究提出一种耦合分类器子空间嵌入分布自适应（Subspace Embedded Distribution Adaptation with Coupled Classifiers, SEDACC）方法。该方法利用多传感器信号的频谱数据构造主要数据集和辅助数据集,通过子空间对齐（Subspace Alignment, SA）方法将源域和目标域的主要数据投影到公共子空间中,并采用加权条件最大均值差异（Weighted Conditional Maximum Mean Discrepancy, WCMMD）作为度量进行特征分布的适配。同时,基于结构风险最小化（Structural Risk Minimization, SRM）准则在源域标签数据上学习主分类器,根据主分类器对于目标域的预测结果在目标域辅助数据上学习辅助分类器。通过交替和迭代策略不断优化分类器参数,最后对二者进行加权融合得到最终的诊断模型。通过轴向柱塞泵变工况故障诊断试验进行验证,结果表明,当以垂直于端盖的z方向振动信号为主要数据并使用声音信号（或以平行于端盖的x方向的振动信号）作为辅助数据时,SEDACC方法在6种迁移任务中的平均准确率为99.88%（99.46%）,高于其他方法。此外,所提方法在目标工况样本稀少的情况下仍具有较高的诊断精度,当目标域和源域样本数比值为0.2时,6种迁移任务的平均准确率达到92.66%。研究结果可为更完备与准确的机械故障诊断提供参考。     

基于Copula分析生态恢复对黄土高原水沙频率耦合关系的影响

为探讨黄土高原水土流失持续治理（P1,1960—1979年;P2,1980—1999年）及退耕还林（草）（P3,2000—2019年）不同阶段水、沙频率耦合特征及演变,基于典型黄土丘陵沟壑区北洛河上游刘家河站1960—2019年的径流量与输沙量实测日数据,采用Copula函数等方法进行水、沙频率统计和模拟。结果表明：（1） Gumbel-Houggar Copula函数能很好地模拟上游水、沙联合概率分布。（2）从P1~P3阶段,5~100年各重现期径流、输沙数量均显著降低,各设计频率的水沙数量在发生概率上的异步性增强。（3）水土流失治理和生态环境建设对黄土高原生态水文过程的影响主要表现在大幅降低20年以上重现期水、沙极端事件发生的概率。黄土高原大幅度的生态恢复在区域尺度上已经表现出减水更减沙、调节水、沙极端事件发生概率等良好的生态功能。