环境管制政策的实施效果评价——以九龙江流域"限猪令"为例

环境管制一直是我国环境污染治理所采取的主要政策之一,对我国的环境保护起到了一定的积极作用,同时也存在一些弊端,致使其成效不甚显著甚至背离初始目标.在此情况下,如何评价环境管制政策绩效具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文以九龙江流域"限猪令"政策为例,选取政策目标实现度、主要环保指标实现、环保投入效益、公众参与及满意度四个方面...     

国家重点实验室专项经费绩效预算管理方式应用于其他财政专项管理的思考

绩效预算是我国部门预算管理改革的重要内容。国家重点实验室专项经费绩效预算安排机制，是财政科研经费绩效预算的典型示例。文章通过剖析国家重点实验室专项经费绩效考评管理机制，对国家重点实验室绩效预算机制推广应用于其他财政专项的范围、考评指标、考评工作方法、考评结果应用等方面提出了意见建议。     

建设项目环境影响评价的局限性问题

建设项目环境影响评价主要指项目实施后可能带来的负面环境影响预测、分析与评估,进而提出预防不良环境影响的有效措施,实现跟踪监测。但是目前我国建设项目环境影响仍具有一定局限性,只有充分认识到存在的问题,积极改进,才能发挥评价的真正作用。     

气候变化背景下济南市长清区干旱灾害风险评价研究

综合干旱类型,从致灾因子的危险性、敏感性、易损性及防灾减灾能力4个指标出发,分析气候变化背景下的山东省济南市长清区干旱灾害风险变化。结果表明,长清区干旱危险性分布特征总体表现为由西北向东南递减的趋势;干旱灾害孕灾体敏感性总体呈现出由西南向东北递减的趋势;干旱灾害易损性分布基本以行政区为单位,高易损性分布在除平安街道办事处外的西部地区;干旱灾害的防灾减灾能力总体呈现东北高、西南低的分布特征;干旱综合风险性呈现西南高、东北低的分布规律。     

引自国际马铃薯中心的品种资源在青海对晚疫病的田间抗性鉴定

在青海省海拔2000～2500m和2500～3000m两个不同生态区域设置抗性观测圃,调查评价从国际马铃薯中心(CIP)引进的60份资源田间晚疫病抗性,资源D9在整个生育期表现出免疫症状,15个资源表现为高抗,18个资源表现抗病,同时还对晚疫病菌流行生理小种的毒性基因进行动态监测。     

Epidemiology of cashew anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) in Mozambique

Anthracnose of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) was studies on various genotypes and locations in Mozambique. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified as the anthracnose causal agent using polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between incidence and severity of anthracnose on cashew genotypes were statistically analyzed by regression. Anthracnose leaf incidence, which is practically easy to evaluate, was consistently associated with leaf severity, and their relationships can be estimated using the restricted exponential function across locations, crop seasons, genotype and fungicide trials. Pooled data enabled estimation of initial incidence of 1.43% with percentage variance accounting for 83.2 and standard error of 8.3. By computing incidence data into the summary equation, 24 changes of 0, 1, 5, 10 and 40%, resulted in changes of severity estimates of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively. The maximum disease incidence was estimated as 80% when the severity reached only 5%. Increase in severity was observed afterward, approached a maximum of 25% when leaf detachment is observed. The use of incidence data for epidemic comparisons, genotype and fungicide evaluation in cashew orchards is recommended. Anthracnose incidence on leaves however, could not predict incidence on nuts.     

太原经济技术开发区用地效益评价

通过对太原经济技术开发区的实际调查和对2002—2011年10 a间的相关统计及国家商务部历年发布的国家级经济技术开发区发展报告的信息进行分析,从开发区土地利用现状、年度建设用地供给、科工贸收入、工业总产值、GDP、税收收入、国内外资金利用等方面,综合评价了太原经济技术开发区的经济效益和用地效益。结果表明,该区独立运行10 a来成绩显著,整体效益逐步提高,在山西所有开发区中经济效益名列前茅,在全省经济技术开发区中每年的综合评价都名列第1;与国内中西部或中部的同类开发区相比,该区经济总量和单位面积产生的效益排名中后;与国内先进经济技术开发区相比,差距较大;该区内部分企业规模大、影响广泛,经济效益和用地效益均好,起到了带头和示范作用,但仍有部分企业规模小、投入水平低、建设周期长、产生效益低,影响了全区整体效益的发挥。建议开发区管委会引导入区企业加大投入,加快建设步伐,及早产生经济效益;尽快实施扩区计划,保证经济快速、健康发展;落实土地供给和退出政策,使有限的土地发挥更大的效益。     

《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》教学改革探讨

“概论”课理论性、现实性很强,在当前我国社会转型和改革攻坚深刻影响人们思想的形势下,如何讲好“概论”课对教师的教学理念、教学方法、技能和知识结构都提出了很高的要求.笔者在认真分析学生对思想政治理论课需求的基础上进行了一系列教学方法改革和实践：坚持理论联系实际,讲好讲活理论；采取互动教学方法,让学生更多的参与教学；灵活运用多媒体技术；通过实践教学促进课堂教学；举办多种专题讲座,拓展学生思维和视野.     

Evaluation the effect of subchronic feeding of transgenic cotton line (CKC1) on the faecal microbiota of albino rabbits

Recent studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the host health. As such, consumers are increasingly becoming more concerned about the potential effect of certain foods/feeds, particularly of transgenic origin on the gut microbiota. Although the European Food Safety Authority has recommended in their guidelines, to study the effect of transgenic food/feed on host-microbiota, yet, few studies have focused on the evaluation of such effects mainly due to culturing difficulties. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the potential adverse effects of transgenic diet consumption on some specific gut microflora (Lactobacillus group, Bifidobacterium genus, Escherichia coli subgroup and Enterococcus genus) of rabbits. A total of forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing a variable proportion of transgenic cottonseeds at 0, 20, 30 and 40% inclusion level, respectively. Changes in the specific or total faecal bacterial population were monitored at five different experimental stages (i.e. 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days) using both the traditional plate count method (TM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). No significant differences (p > .05) were observed concerning numbers of specific bacteria or total bacteria between the control and experimental groups, though qPCR showed numerically higher values in terms of 16S rRNA gene copies as compared to the values obtained from TM. However, such numerical differences were biologically insignificant (p > .05). Similarly, no significant variations were noticed in the calculated B/E (log₁₀ copies of Bifidobacterium per g faces/log10 copies of E. coli genome per g faeces) ratios in all the groups. All the ratios were in the range of 1.24 to 1.30 throughout the experiment, indicating a good balance of intestinal microflora and greater resistance to intestinal disorders. It is therefore concluded that feeding transgenic cottonseeds could not adversely affect the gut microflora of rabbits during a long-term study.     

Effects of perioperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blocks,lumbosacral epidural or morphine–lidocaine–ketamine infusion on postoperative pain and sedation in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of postoperative analgesia and sedation after preoperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade, preoperative lumbosacral epidural injection and perioperative intravenous (IV) morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusions in dogs undergoing stifle arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) under general anesthesia.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical comparison study.AnimalsA total of 45 dogs weighing 33.9 (15.9–56.7) kg and aged 5.2 (1.0–12.0) years, mean (range), undergoing elective unilateral TPLO for spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture.MethodsClient-owned dogs were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group MLK, perioperative IV morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusion; group EPID, lumbosacral epidural with ropivacaine and morphine; or group SSNB, saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade with ropivacaine. Routine stifle arthroscopy followed by TPLO surgery was performed. Sedation and pain scores were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours following extubation. Rescue analgesia was administered as prescribed by Glasgow composite pain score–short form score >5.ResultsSedation scores for MLK were higher than EPID and SSNB. Pain scores for SSNB were lower than those for EPID and MLK. No significant differences were found in anesthesia duration or surgery duration among groups. No dogs required rescue analgesia.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough analgesia was adequate in all groups, the best combination of analgesia without increased sedation was recorded for SSNB.